scholarly journals Women’s Decision Making on Birthing Choices in the Private Sector of Namibia: Midwives’ Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Mlambo ◽  
Jenna Morgan-Cramer ◽  
Cornelle Young
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Exploratory Approach ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Selection Of

In this study, the views of midwives regarding decision making in the Namibian private sector hospital labour wards were investigated with the aim of understanding the reasons for the high prevalence of caesarean sections in the Namibian private sector. The study objective was to determine the views of midwives about how women in the private sector labour wards decide on a birthing method. A qualitative design with an exploratory approach was followed, with the application of purposive sampling in the selection of research participants. Seven individual and in-depth interviews with midwives were conducted in two private hospitals in Windhoek. Data analysis was done using the six steps proposed by Creswell. Findings indicated that decision making depended on the woman, the doctor and the institution. Aspects such as the midwife’s relationship with the doctor, as well as the pregnant woman and the institution have an influence on such decisions made. Furthermore, the trust among and between health professionals, the availability of policies and guidelines, as well as the information received during antenatal care also affect the choice. It was found that women are not well informed about the choices they have for childbirth, the advantages and disadvantages of the chosen mode of birthing, as well as what to expect during the active stages of labour. In conclusion, decision making in the labour wards is important as it determines the birthing method outcome for every woman in the labour ward. Further studies need to be done in the same context and public hospital settings, to explore the dynamics in the public sector.

scholarly journals A Systematic Literature Review of Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods for Sustainable Selection of Insulation Materials in Buildings

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 737
Author(s):  
Indre Siksnelyte-Butkiene ◽  
Dalia Streimikiene ◽  
Tomas Balezentis ◽  
Virgilijus Skulskis
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Selection Of

The European Commission has recently adopted the Renovation Wave Strategy, aiming at the improvement of the energy performance of buildings. The strategy aims to at least double renovation rates in the next ten years and make sure that renovations lead to higher energy and resource efficiency. The choice of appropriate thermal insulation materials is one of the simplest and, at the same time, the most popular strategies that effectively reduce the energy demand of buildings. Today, the spectrum of insulation materials is quite wide, and each material has its own specific characteristics. It is recognized that the selection of materials is one of the most challenging and difficult steps of a building project. This paper aims to give an in-depth view of existing multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) applications for the selection of insulation materials and to provide major insights in order to simplify the process of methods and criteria selection for future research. A systematic literature review is performed based on the Search, Appraisal, Synthesis and Analysis (SALSA) framework and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In order to determine which MCDM method is the most appropriate for different questions, the main advantages and disadvantages of different methods are provided.

scholarly journals Proses Public Relations Dalam Program Gerakan Pungut Sampah Pemerintah Kota Bandung

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susie Perbawasari ◽  
Diah Fatma Sjoraida ◽  
Vidia Ayu Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Budget Planning ◽  
The Public ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Planning Action ◽  
Selection Of

GPS program was launched in order to improve people's active participation, creating awareness of the importance of protecting the environment, and build a new culture picking up trash. Communications and delivery of messages is done through socialization programs and social media, twitter. The purpose of this study to find out the Public Relations process that consists of collecting of facts and formulation of the problem, the planning and programming, the action and communication, and the evaluation of GPS program that has been done by the organizers. This study used descriptive method. Data collected were through interviews, observation and documents. The organizers of GPS program begins by listening to the comments that raised by external parties, also took to the field looking directly environmental conditions in Bandung to collecting the facts. Organizers prepared GPS program includes the introduction of the situation, goal setting, audience definition, selection of media and techniques of Public Relations, as well as budget planning. Action taken in the program organizers GPS is acting responsive and responsible, while communication in the program include Credibility, Context, Content, Clarity, Continuity and consistency, Channel, and Capability of the Audience. Evaluation program providers include evaluation for decision-making, evaluation of the achievement of objectives, evaluation of results and impact and evaluation of the implementation.

Underlying values and competencies of public and private sector managers

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Darling ◽  
J. Barton Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Visionary Leadership ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public And Private Sector

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify unique values and competencies linked to private and public sector environments. Design/methodology/approach This study is based on critical incident interviews with a sample of senior leaders who had experience in both the public and private sectors. Findings The findings illustrate distinct public and private sector relevant competencies that reflect the unique values of their organizations and the character of the organization’s environments. This paper suggests a range of distinct public sector competencies including: managing competing interests, managing the political environment, communicating in a political environment, interpersonal motivational skills, adding value for clients, and impact assessment in decision-making. These were very different than those identified as critical for the private sector environment: business acumen, visionary leadership, marketing communication, market acumen, interpersonal communication, client service, and timely and opportunistic decision-making. Private sector competencies reflect private sector environments where goals need to be specifically defined and implemented in a timely manner related to making a profit and surviving in a competitive environment. Public sector competencies are driven by environments exhibiting more complex and unresolvable problems and the need to respond to conflicting publics and serving the public good while surviving in a political environment. Originality/value A key message of this study is that competency frameworks need to be connected to the organization’s unique environments and the values that managers are seeking to achieve. This is particularly important for public organizations that have more complex and changing environments.

scholarly journals Will Public-Private Partnerships Solve Nigeria’s Infrastructure Problems?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
George Nwangwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Private Partnerships ◽  
Public Infrastructure ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
As If

Nigeria, like most countries around the world, has turned to Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to finance its infrastructure deficit. However, it appears that the government of Nigeria looks towards PPPs as the major solution to the country’s infrastructure crisis. In a sense PPPs are being sold to the public as if they were free, that the private sector would come in with its funds, provide the desired services and that the problem with the country’s infrastructure would automatically cease. This paper argues that this supposition is a myth and that the role of PPPs in the provision of public infrastructure is more nuanced than is being bandied around. PPPs are not the panacea to all of the country’s infrastructure problems and also are far from being completely free. It is however the case that if appropriately deployed, in most cases PPPs provide some advantages over conventional public sector procurements. This paper explores the different advantages and disadvantages of PPPs and suggests ways in which PPPs may be effectively used to improve the country’s infrastructure with reduced fiscal exposure to government.

scholarly journals Service outsourcing decisions – a process framework

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-194
Author(s):  
Suvituulia Taponen ◽  
Katri Kauppi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Service Outsourcing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sector Organizations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare service outsourcing decisions between public and private organizations and against a theoretical decision-making framework to both understand differences across the sectors and to provide an outsourcing framework more suitable specifically for outsourcing (and for the public sector). Design/methodology/approach Multiple case studies, i.e. a study of phenomena (here outsourcing process) at various sites is used as an approach. Findings Findings indicate that public sector organizations are trailing behind private sector organizations in how the decision-making process is conducted and resourced. The authors suggest regular evaluation of service functions internally as a starting point for the outsourcing service decision-making process. Additionally, the market analysis should be done prior to cost analysis and benchmarking as the availability of suppliers more qualified than the internal process defines the make or buy decision. Research limitations/implications The newly developed framework based on empirical evidence includes the following phases: regular evaluation of service functions, market analysis, cost analysis and benchmarking and evaluating relevant service activities. Applying the framework improves the efficient delivery of outsourced public services and brings public sector outsourcing closer to the professionalism currently present in the private sector. Originality/value Choosing between in-house and outsourced service delivery is a fundamental decision in both private and public sector organizations. Previous outsourcing research has mostly focused on the private sector, with limited focus on the public sector’s outsourcing processes, yet understanding of the service outsourcing process is important in ensuring organizational competitiveness and cost efficiency.

De relatie parlement-regering in België

Res Publica ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Herman De Croo
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
Complex Network ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Professional Help ◽  
The Public ◽  
Parliamentary System ◽  
The People ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Selection Of

This article analyses the complex relationships between the elected parliament and the government.Firstly, effective political participation of the constituency in the election of its parliamentary representatives is limited because of the pre-selection of the candidates by the parties themselves. Secondly, the freedom of the parliament is restricted by the complex network of pressures and counterpressures between legislature and executive. Parliament has recently tried to regain some of its influence by organising special parliamentary inquiry committees and by resorting to professional help for assistance in its legislative work . However, the growing professionalisation might become yet another restriction to the parliamentarians' freedom of political action. Thirdly, parliamentary legislative power is undermined by the subtile way governmental decision making ends in legislation.The mass media seem increasingly unable to translate this complexity to the public. As a result the public becomes more and more indifferent to the functioning of the system, which could endanger the genuine democratic influence of the people in the parliamentary system.

5. Production and people

2016 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
Alan Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
High Prevalence

‘Production and people’ examines the socioeconomic impact of AIDS, predicted to decrease economic growth. Yet many countries have nonetheless continued to grow. The effect on the private sector depends on a region’s industry and the scale of its epidemic, but there are more options to combat economic effects than in the public sector. The majority of people in high prevalence countries live in rural areas and primarily depend on subsistence agriculture; AIDS is adversely affecting agriculture, predominantly through its impact on labour. It is at the household level that AIDS is most destructive, creating stress and destroying families—becoming impoverished by their burden of care.

scholarly journals Sustaining Honesty in Public Service: The Role of Selection

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Barfort ◽  
Nikolaj A. Harmon ◽  
Frederik Hjorth ◽  
Asmus Leth Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
The Public ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Selection Pattern ◽  
Selection Of

We study the role of self-selection into public service in sustaining honesty in the public sector. Focusing on the world’s least corrupt country, Denmark, we use a survey experiment to document strong self-selection of more honest individuals into public service. This result differs sharply from existing findings from more corrupt settings. Differences in pro-social versus pecuniary motivation appear central to the observed selection pattern. Dishonest individuals are more pecuniarily motivated and self-select out of public service into higher-paying private sector jobs. Accordingly, we find that increasing public sector wages would attract more dishonest candidates to public service in Denmark. (JEL D73, H83, J31, J45)

scholarly journals Measuring and Assessing the Wealth Influence on the Efficiency of the Health System through the Private Sector

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-449
Author(s):  
Mina Fanea-Ivanovici ◽  
Marius-Cristian Pană ◽  
Mihail Dumitru Sacală ◽  
Cristina Voicu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Private Hospitals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Sector ◽  
Private Health Sector

The aim of the paper is to provide an analysis of the dynamics of the public and private health sectors in Romania. Using descriptive statistics, it first investigates whether the public health sector follows the reformation trends suggested by official strategies and reports, and to what extent the private health sector is a viable alternative to the public one, by analysing the demand for private inpatient services. We look into the reduction in the occupancy degree in public hospitals as a means to increase the efficiency of public health expenditures, which represents one way to reform the public health sector. We also find that the increase in the occupancy degree in private hospitals is negatively correlated with the quality of services provided by public hospitals, but positively correlated with population wealth. Increase in the occupancy degree in private hospitals is an indicator of poor quality of services in public hospitals. It can also be explained by increasing expectations and requirements of beneficiaries as a reflection of increase in wealth and of their will to preserve their health capital. Using regression models, the paper then proposes the Wealth-Health Index, a composite indicator to explore the connection between wealth and health and the dynamics of the private health sector. Investment in physical infrastructure and the size of medical staff in the private sector is positively correlated with wealth increase.

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