scholarly journals MICROBE PATTERN AND RISK FACTORS OF DEEP NECK ABSCESS PATIENTS IN ATMA JAYA HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Kendrick Klaudius Hartedja ◽  
Ricky Yue ◽  
Lucky H. Moehario
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Neck Abscess ◽  
Deep Neck Abscess ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Deep neck abscess is a pus accumulation in the space and tissue of the cervical fascia caused by an infection and has the potential for several complications. Appropriate use of antibiotics can prevent these complications, but long culture time has been a main concern. Diabetes and oral hygiene are identified as commonly found risk factors for deep neck abscess. This study aims to analyze patients’ characteristics and the usage of antibiotics in treating deep neck abscess patients in Atma Jaya Hospital as well as assessing the effect of diabetes and oral hygiene as the causes for deep neck abscess. Methods: This was a cohort retrospective, descriptive analytic study. The samples were from 23 deep neck abscess patients undergoing treatment in Atma Jaya Hospital and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi square and Fisher exact test were used to determine the significance effect of diabetes and higiene oral in relation to deep neck abscess. Results: There were more male patients than female patients with age range 20-30 years old. Streptococcus viridans and Streptococcus pyogenes were the most common bacteria causing deep neck abscesses. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the most widely used antibiotics and it had shown great compatibility to fight against germs found in this disease. Statistical test results on the effect of oral hygiene oral to submandibular abscesses, peritonsillar, and Ludwig’s angina were p(AS)=0.605, p(AP)=1.000, and p(LA)=1.000, while of diabetes were p(AS)=0.685, p(AP)=0.657, and p(LA)=1.000. Conclusion: Deep neck abscess tends to occur in male patients of productive age. Metronidazole, gentamicin and ceftriaxone were the recommended empiric antibiotics. There was no significant relationship between oral hygiene and diabetes on the occurrence of deep neck abscesses.

Venous Thromboembolism and High Grade Gliomas

1993 ◽  
Vol 70 (03) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep S Dhami ◽  
Robert D Bona ◽  
John A Calogero ◽  
Richard M Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Bleeding Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
High Grade Gliomas

SummaryA retrospective study was done to determine the incidence of and the risk factors predisposing to clinical venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients treated for high grade gliomas. Medical records of 68 consecutive patients diagnosed and treated at Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center from January 1986 to June 1991 were reviewed. The follow up was to time of death or at least 6 months (up to December 1991). All clinically suspected episodes of VTE were confirmed by objective tests. Sixteen episodes of VTE were detected in 13 patients for an overall episode rate of 23.5%. Administration of chemotherapy (p = 0.027, two tailed Fisher exact test) and presence of paresis (p = 0.031, two tailed Fisher exact test) were statistically significant risk factors for the development of VTE. Thrombotic events were more likely to occur in the paretic limb and this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.00049, chi square test, with Yates correction). No major bleeding complications were seen in the nine episodes treated with long term anticoagulation.We conclude that venous thromboembolic complications are frequently encountered in patients being treated for high grade gliomas and the presence of paresis and the administration of chemotherapy increases the risk of such complications.

scholarly journals Epidemiological Survey of Multiple Sclerosis in East-Azerbaijan Province, Iran, 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Yousefi ◽  
Samad Shams Vahdati ◽  
Hossein Mazouchian ◽  
Reza Dehghan Hesari
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
North West ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Using Data ◽  
East Azerbaijan

Abstract:Introduction and background: MS as a chronic CNS disease is very prevalent in all around the world. Its epidemiology is different region by region and most of geographical and environmental factors may play a role in its incidence. To analyze demographic characteristics of the disease we designed this study.Methods and Materials: This Survey has been conducted in East-Azerbaijan province, North-West of Iran. Prevalence of the disease has been measured using data of Committee for diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis in 2014. Age, gender and type of the disease also been investigated in this research. Independent T Test, Chi square, Pearson and Fisher exact test used to analyze data.Results: We had 2774 MS patients in 2014. 726 were male (26%) and 2003 were female (73%). Mean age of males was 38±9 and mean age of females was 37.09±9. Mean age in male patients was more than in females significantly (P=0.001). We measured 73.26 prevalence per 100000 populations in East-Azerbaijan.Conclusion: Prevalence of the disease showed significant increase in 5 years compared to previous studies. Because of disease's disabilatating entity more interventional investigations are recommended to perform in preventing disease incidence or improving quality of life of sufferers and increasing their life expectancy. 

scholarly journals Frequency of metabolic syndrome in stroke: a study in a tertiary health care centre in north Kerala

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4143
Author(s):  
Swapna P. K.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Health Care Centre ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Impact

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in developing countries beginning to affect young adults. Key components of the metabolic syndrome are important risk factors for stroke. This study intended to study the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with stroke. Screening adolescents and young adults for components of metabolic syndrome will prove useful in clinical management, and its elements ultimately become important therapeutic targets for the reduction of stroke burden in the general population.Methods: Data was collected from 150 patients who were admitted with cerebrovascular accident (CVA) in the Department of Medicine. Frequency tests were conducted for various risk factors. Chi-square and Fisher exact test were used to test the significance of proportion of study parameters in the classes. The observations in this study were analysed using SPSS software.Results: Metabolic syndrome was present in 46% of the study population. Among the components of the metabolic syndrome, Hypertension was the most prevalent risk factor (68%). 67.14% of the population had 2 components of metabolic syndrome which predisposes them to a greater risk of developing metabolic syndrome over a period of few months to years.Conclusions: With the obesity epidemic, the impact of the metabolic syndrome is likely to increase. Thus, diagnosing and adequately managing metabolic syndrome is an important step in the preventing cerebrovascular disease. This study emphasises the need to target the population with one or more components of the metabolic syndrome as they are at high risk of developing stroke in the future.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Various Surgical Treatments for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Propensity Score Matched Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 219256822097609
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Lee ◽  
Jun S. Kim ◽  
Paul Park ◽  
K. Daniel Riew
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
National Database ◽  
Cardiac Complications ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort. Objective: To compare the short-term outcomes for Laminoplasty, Laminectomy/fusion, and ACDF. Methods: We utilized a prospectively-collected, multi-center national database with a propensity score matching algorithm to compare the short-term outcomes for laminoplasty, laminectomy/fusion, and multi-level (>3) ACDF (with and without corpectomy). Bivariate analyses involved both chi-square/fisher exact test and t-test/ANOVA on perioperative factors. Multivariate analyses were performed to determined independent risk factors for short term outcomes. Results: 546 patients remained after propensity score matching, with 182 patients in each cohort. ACDF required the longest operative time 188 ± 79 versus laminectomy/fusion (169 ± 75, p = 0.017), and laminoplasty (167 ± 66, p = 0.004). ACDF required the shortest hospital stay (LOS ≥ 2: ACDF 56.6%, laminoplasty 89.6%, laminectomy/fusion 93.4%, p < 0.05). ACDF had lower overall complications (ACDF 3.9%, laminoplasty 7.7%, laminectomy/fusion 11.5%, p < 0.05), mortality (ACDF 0%, laminoplasty 0.55%, laminectomy/fusion 2.2%, p < 0.05), and unplanned readmissions (ACDF 4.4%, laminoplasty 4.4%, laminectomy/fusion 9.9%, p < 0.05). No significant differences were seen in the other outcomes including DVT/PT, acute renal failure, UTI, stroke, cardiac complications, or sepsis. In the multivariate analysis, laminectomy/fusion (OR 17, reference: ACDF) and laminoplasty (OR10, reference: ACDF) were strong independent risk factors for LOS ≥ 2 days. Laminectomy/fusion (OR 3.2, reference: ACDF) was an independent predictor for any adverse events 30-days after surgery. Conclusions: Laminectomy/fusion carries the highest risk for morbidity, mortality, and unplanned readmissions in the short-term postoperative period. Laminoplasty and ACDF cases carry similar short-term complications risks. ACDF is significantly associated with the longest operative duration and shortest LOS without an increase in individual or overall complications, readmissions, or reoperations

A year of hepatocellular carcinoma at a glance. Demographics, biochemical and radiological characteristics and treatment modalities from a specialized facility of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Laima Alam
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Tumour Staging ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Team Meetings ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct

Objectives:Relation of demographics of hepatocellular-carcinoma with the aetiology.Tumour characteristics in relation to anti-viral therapy and presence of viral-DNA/RNATreatment modalities offeredMethods: This cross-sectional study enrolled all the patients aged 18-70 years with diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma either through Triphasic Contrast-Enhanced-CT scan and/or Magnetic Resonance Imaging or biopsy presenting to the Outpatient-Department or multi-disciplinary-team meetings for the year 2019. Demographic variables, biochemical analysis including liver profile and stage of cirrhosis, viral-status, tumour staging and the treatment modalities offered were all noted. ANOVA (normal) and Kruskal-Wallis (non-normal) tests were used to compare quantitative data whereas chi-square-test and fisher-exact-test were used to compare qualitative-data.Results: Out of 195 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 76% were males in their fifth to sixth decades of life, 96% had cirrhosis, 94% corresponded to viral hepatocellular-carcinoma (82% Hepatitis-C-Virus, 9% Hepatitis-B-Virus and 3% coinfection), 60% of the cirrhotics landed in Child-Pugh A category with tumour staging BCLC-B being the predominant one (43.6%) and single and multiple bilateral nodules were the commonest lesions encountered. Platelets and Alanine-Transaminase had a significant relation across aetiological groups. Lymph-nodes were the most common extra-hepatic organs for metastasis and the presence of viral PCR had a significant impact on the tumour aggressiveness. Thirty-two percent of the patients were amenable to curative treatment.Conclusion: Viral infection is the main cause of rising prevalence of this tumour in Pakistan. Treatment modalities are expensive and expertise are lacking. A nationwide cancer registry is required for the exact disease burden and tumour behaviour for our population. Continuous....

Social assessment of children dental health and its determining factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131
Author(s):  
T. G. Svetlichnaya ◽  
A. S. Mityagina ◽  
T. M. Burkova ◽  
N. M. Ogorelkova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Primary Teeth ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Pediatric Dentist ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Decay Risk

Relevance. The high prevalence of tooth decay requires investigation of its risk factors. The aim was to study tooth decay risk factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health (based on parents’ assessment).Materials and methods. The research evaluated the dental health of six-year-olds and factors defining their oral health; The study surveyed 515 parents of six-year-old children from 7 kindergartens in Arkhangelsk. Pearson chi-square test assessed the differences in the frequency of tooth decay factors among six-year-old children according to the level of dental health. The accepted significance level was 0.05.Results. The Arkhangelsk parents evaluated the dental health of their six-year-olds as relatively favourable: good (41.2%) and satisfactory (46.6%). Only 9.5% of children had poor health. Children generally had good oral hygiene skills: 86.8% liked brushing their teeth; 60.2% squeezed the optimal amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush; 56.7% brushed their teeth twice a day. The dental literacy of parents was satisfactory: 67.0% purchased toothpaste for children; 90.8% considered necessary to treat primary teeth; 69.2% replaced toothbrush every three months; 59.7% visited a pediatric dentist twice a year. The children with poor dental health had insufficient oral hygiene skills: 46.9% did not like teeth cleaning; 51.1% brushed their teeth once a day. Their diet was not healthy: 100.0% did not eat hard food; 65.3% frequently consumed sweets. The parents  of children with poor dental health had low medical literacy and poor oral hygiene: 46.9% did not know that treatment of primary teeth was necessary; 42.9% considered the treatment of primary teeth as unnecessary; 32.6% purchased whatever toothpaste. The general negative trend is to use toothpaste without fluoride (68.1%).Conclusions. The results of the study demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of cariogenic factors in children with poor dental health.

scholarly journals Phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in adults admitted to hospital in the Western Brazilian Amazon

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Maria Sampaio Enes ◽  
Simone Perufo Opitz ◽  
André Ricardo Maia da Costa de Faro ◽  
Mavilde de Luz Gonçalves Pedreira
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Infusion ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Intravenous Therapy ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Dorsal Hand Vein ◽  
Mean Time ◽  
Intravenous Catheters

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the presence of phlebitis and the factors that influence the development of this complication in adult patients admitted to hospital in the western Brazilian Amazon. METHOD Exploratory study with a sample of 122 peripheral intravenous catheters inserted in 122 patients in a medical unit. Variables related to the patient and intravenous therapy were analyzed. For the analysis, we used chi-square tests of Pearson and Fisher exact test, with 5% significance level. RESULTS Complication was the main reason for catheter removal (67.2%), phlebitis was the most frequent complication (31.1%). The mean duration of intravenous therapy use was 8.81 days in continuous and intermittent infusion (61.5%), in 20G catheter (39.3%), inserted in the dorsal hand vein arc (36.9 %), with mean time of usage of 68.4 hours. The type of infusion (p=0.044) and the presence of chronic disease (p=0.005) and infection (p=0.007) affected the development of phlebitis. CONCLUSION There was a high frequency of phlebitis in the sample, being influenced by concomitant use of continuous and intermittent infusion of drugs and solutions, and more frequent in patients with chronic diseases and infection.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Brucellosis and Associated Risk Factors among Indigenous Breeds of Goats in Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaolu T. Olufemi ◽  
Danjuma B. Dantala ◽  
Paul A. Shinggu ◽  
Umesi A. Dike ◽  
Gbeminiyi R. Otolorin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
La Jolla

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Wukari, Taraba state, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence of Brucella antibodies and the risk factors associated with brucellosis in indigenous breeds of goats. A total of 386 goats were sampled from three political wards: Puje, Avyi, and Hospital: harvested sera samples were subjected to Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). GraphPad Prism version 7.03 for Windows (GraphPad Software, La Jolla California, USA) was used to analyse the association between seroprevalence of brucellosis and age, sex, breed, location, and management system by using Chi square and Fisher’s exact test as appropriate. Brucellosis was detected in all three wards: Puje; 15%, Avyi; 6.6%, and Hospital; 7.6%. A prevalence rate of 2.8%, 8%, 18.7%, and 1% was recorded for <20-month, 22-35-month, 36-45-month, and ≥46-55-month age categories, respectively (P < 0.05). Only 9.5% was observed for male animals while 9.8% was observed for female animals with no statistical difference between the males and females. Breed-specific seroprevalence yielded 7.4%, 5.4% 12%, 12.8%, and 11.6%, for Cross, West Africa Dwarf, Red Sokoto, Kano Brown, and Sahel breeds of goat, respectively. There is an evidence of brucellosis (9.6%) in Wukari L.G.A, Taraba State, and age is a risk factor for the disease in the study area. There is a need to enlighten the public on the zoonotic potentials and economic impacts of brucellosis.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI NEUROPATI PERIFER TERKAIT HIV DI MANADO

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deivy Cirayow ◽  
Arthur Hendrik Philips Mawuntu ◽  
Herlyani Khosama
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Hiv Dementia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
International Hiv Dementia Scale ◽  
Hiv Aids

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE HIV ASSOCIATED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN MANADOABSTRACTIntroduction: There are  several sociodemographic and clinical factors that influence the development of HIV associated peripheral  neuropathy (HIV-PN). Manado has different sociodemographic and clinical characteristics  from other regions. However, the percentage of HIV-PN and its influencing factors are unknown.Aims: To know the percentage of HIV-PN and factors that influence this disorder in Manado.Methods: A crosssectional study conducted in HIV/AIDS clinic R.D. Kandou hospital Manado between November2016–January 2017. Neuropathy evaluation was performed using brief peripheral neuropathy screening (BPNS), neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4), and electroneurography. A Chi-square or Fisher exact test was done to analyze categorical variables, independent T or Mann-Whitney test was done for numerical variables, and linear regression was done in multivariate analysis.Results: 50 subjects were included, most were male (70%), and the mean age was 32.98 (±9.726) years, with HIV- NP percentage was 46%. Age >30 years old, low hemoglobin count, CD4, and low international  HIV dementia scale (IHDS) significantly associated with HIV-NP. Working subjects were 13.6 times more likely to have HIV-PN.Discussion: HIV-PN prevalence was relatively high, influenced by age >30 years old an low hemoglobin, CD4, andIHDS. As a factor, working was escalating the likelihood of NP-HIV by 13.9 times.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, influencing factors, peripheral neuropathyABSTRAKPendahuluan: Neuropati perifer terkait human immunodeficiency virus/HIV (NP-HIV) dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor klinis dan sosiodemografis. Manado mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan daerah lain, namun belum diketahui persentase NP-HIV dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya.Tujuan: Mengetahui persentase NP-HIV dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya di Manado.Metode: Penelitian potong lintang terhadap pasien HIV/AIDS di poliklinik HIV/AIDS RSUP Prof. dr. R.D. Kandou, Manado, pada November 2016–Januari 2017.  Evaluasi neuropati dilakukan menggunakan brief peripheral  neuropathy screening (BPNS), neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4), dan elektroneurografi. Digunakan uji Chi-square atau Fisher exact untuk menganalisis variabel kategorik, uji T independen atau Mann-Whitney untuk variabel numerik, dan regresi linear untuk analisis multivariat.Hasil: Didapatkan 50 subjek yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian dengan mayoritas laki-laki (70%), rerata usia32,98±9,726 tahun, dan mengalami NP-HIV sebanyak 46%. Usia >30 tahun, kadar hemoglobin, jumlah CD4, dan skor international  HIV dementia scale (IHDS) yang rendah berhubungan secara bermakna dengan adanya NP-HIV. Adapun subjek yang bekerja berisiko 13,6 kali lebih besar mengalami NP-HIV.Diskusi: Didapatkan prevalensi NP-HIV yang cukup tinggi dengan dipengaruhi oleh usia >30 tahun serta kadar hemoglobin, CD4, dan skor IHDS yang rendah. Faktor bekerja juga meningkatkan kecenderungan 13,9 kali mengalami NP terkait HIV.Kata kunci: Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi, HIV/AIDS, neuropati perifer

scholarly journals Status Pekerjaan Dan Pengetahuan Ibu Menyusui Terhadap Pemberian ASI Eksklusif

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-244
Author(s):  
Happy Marthalena Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exact Test

Latar Belakang : Air Susu Ibu (ASI) selain merupakan makanan paling baik untuk bayi, juga terbukti dapat mencegah penyakit pada bayi dan memberi manfaat bagi ibu, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Memberikan ASI selama 6 bulan dapat menyelamatkan 1,3 juta jiwa di seluruh dunia. Tahun 2016 capaian pemberian ASI eksklusif di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Jekan Raya masih rendah. Tujuan Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan crosssectional study yang bersifat analitik Populasinya adalah seluruh ibu yang memiliki anak usia 6-12 bulan. Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode Cross Sectional. Jumlah sampel yaitu sebanyak 79 responden. Adapun cara pengumpulan data dengan wawancara. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi-square (X2) dan Fisher Exact Test. Hasil penelitian: Variabel yang memiliki hubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif yaitu pengetahuan (p=0,000). Sedangkan untuk variabel lainnya, yaitu umur (Fisher Exact Test = 0,120), pendidikan (p = 0,075) dan pekerjaan (p = 0,976) tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Kesimpulan: Variabel pengetahuan menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif. Variabel umur, pendidikan dan pekerjaan menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna dengan pemberian ASI eksklusif.

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