scholarly journals Modeling of energy intensity in aquaculture: Future energy use of global aquaculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Qiong Zhang ◽  
Youngwoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity

scholarly journals A scalable and spatiotemporally resolved agricultural life cycle assessment of California almonds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Marvinney ◽  
Alissa Kendall
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Impact Categories ◽  
Freshwater Use ◽  
California's Central Valley

Abstract Purpose California’s Central Valley produces more than 75% of global commercial almond supply, making the life cycle performance of almond production in California of global interest. This article describes the life cycle assessment of California almond production using a Scalable, Process-based, Agronomically Responsive Cropping System Life Cycle Assessment (SPARCS-LCA) model that includes crop responses to orchard management and modeling of California’s water supply and biomass energy infrastructure. Methods A spatially and temporally resolved LCA model was developed to reflect the regional climate, resource, and agronomic conditions across California’s Central Valley by hydrologic subregion (San Joaquin Valley, Sacramento Valley, and Tulare Lake regions). The model couples a LCA framework with region-specific data, including water supply infrastructure and economics, crop productivity response models, and dynamic co-product markets, to characterize the environmental performance of California almonds. Previous LCAs of California almond found that irrigation and management of co-products were most influential in determining life cycle CO2eq emissions and energy intensity of California almond production, and both have experienced extensive changes since previous studies due to drought and changing regulatory conditions, making them a focus of sensitivity and scenario analysis. Results and discussion Results using economic allocation show that 1 kg of hulled, brown-skin almond kernel at post-harvest facility gate causes 1.92 kg CO2eq (GWP100), 50.9 MJ energy use, and 4820 L freshwater use, with regional ranges of 2.0–2.69 kg CO2eq, 42.7–59.4 MJ, and 4540–5150 L, respectively. With a substitution approach for co-product allocation, 1 kg almond kernel results in 1.23 kg CO2eq, 18.05 MJ energy use, and 4804 L freshwater use, with regional ranges of 0.51–1.95 kg CO2eq, 3.68–36.5 MJ, and 4521–5140 L, respectively. Almond freshwater use is comparable with other nut crops in California and globally. Results showed significant variability across subregions. While the San Joaquin Valley performed best in most impact categories, the Tulare Lake region produced the lowest eutrophication impacts. Conclusion While CO2eq and energy intensity of almond production increased over previous estimates, so too did credits to the system for displacement of dairy feed. These changes result from a more comprehensive model scope and improved assumptions, as well as drought-related increases in groundwater depth and associated energy demand, and decreased utilization of biomass residues for energy recovery due to closure of bioenergy plants in California. The variation among different impact categories between subregions and over time highlight the need for spatially and temporally resolved agricultural LCA.

scholarly journals Domestic versus foreign energy use: an analysis for four European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Camacho ◽  
Lucas da Silva Almeida ◽  
Mercedes Rodríguez ◽  
Jesús Molina
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Preliminary Step ◽  
Use Patterns ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Energy Intensities

AbstractIn order to adequately assess energy policies and set clear objectives, a key preliminary step is to know the energy use patterns of the different countries. This paper estimates the evolution of the total energy use over the period 1995–2015 in four European Union (EU) countries, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Italy, and Spain, representative of two different energy patterns, the “Southern” one and the “Eastern” one. For doing so, we employ a Multi-Regional Input Output (MRIO) model. In difference with previous studies, in addition to differentiate between domestic and foreign use we distinguish whether this energy is produced domestically or abroad. The results obtained show a certain convergence in energy intensity across the four countries examined because of the radical transformations experienced by the Czech Republic and Hungary. Nonetheless, energy intensities are still substantially higher in Eastern than in Southern countries which confirms that the first group of countries have still a long road to go, especially regarding the incentives that their industries have to use energy efficiently. Taking our decomposition of total energy use, the reductions in total energy use were mainly caused by a high decrease in the importance of the domestic use of energy produced domestically. At the same time, a growing importance of the role played by the energy produced abroad was observed. These trends confirm the great importance of global value chains and the steady internalization of energy use. This methodology could be further applied to other countries.

Impact of urbanization on per capita energy use and emissions in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuti Haldar ◽  
Gautam Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita

Purpose The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts of urbanization on per capita energy consumption and emissions in India. Design/methodology/approach The present study analyses the effects of urbanization on energy consumption patterns by using the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology in India. Time series data from the period of 1960 to 2015 has been considered for the analysis. Variables including Population, GDP per capita, Energy intensity, share of industry in GDP, share of Services in GDP, total energy use and urbanization from World Bank data sources have been used for investigating the relationship between urbanization, affluence and energy use. Findings Energy demand is positively related to affluence (economic growth). Further the results of the analysis also suggest that, as urbanization, GDP and population are bound to increase in the future, consequently resulting in increased carbon dioxide emissions caused by increased energy demand and consumption. Thus, reducing the energy intensity is key to energy security and lower carbon dioxide emissions for India. Research limitations/implications The study will have important policy implications for India’s energy sector transition toward non- conventional, clean energy sources in the wake of growing share of its population residing in urban spaces. Originality/value There are limited number of studies considering the impacts of population density on per capita energy use. So this study also contributes methodologically by establishing per capita energy use as a function of population density and technology (i.e. growth rates of industrial and service sector).

scholarly journals Education and Energy Intensity: Simple Economic Modelling and Preliminary Empirical Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Sequeira ◽  
Marcelo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Modelling ◽  
Empirical Application ◽  
Primary Schooling ◽  
Simple Economic

The ratio of energy use to Gross Domestic Product (defined as energy intensity) is a major determinant of environmental hazard and an indicator of eco-efficiency. This paper explains why education can have an effect in reducing the energy intensity thus affecting eco-efficiency. We devise a stylized economic model with simple and widely accepted assumptions that highlights the role of education in decreasing energy intensity worldwide. In an empirical application that is robust to the features of the data, we show that primary schooling contributes to a decrease in energy intensity which has a very significant effect, even accounting for the other well-known determinants of energy intensity. Additionally, when schooling is taken into account, income is no longer a negative determinant of energy intensity.

scholarly journals The Energy Intensity of Economic Sectors in Mint Countries: Implications for Sustainable Development

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chibueze, E. Nnaji ◽  
Nnaji Moses ◽  
Jonathan N. Chimah ◽  
Monica C. Maduekwe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Activity Effect ◽  
Industrial Sectors

<div><p><em>This paper analysed the status of energy intensity of economic sectors (agriculture, industry, commercial, residential) in MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, Turkey) countries and its implications for sustainable development. We utilised descriptive statistics as well as the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) decomposition analysis to examine energy and efficiency trends, from 1980-2013, in MINT countries. Empirical results indicate inefficient energy use in the residential and industrial sectors of Nigeria and Indonesia. The analysis  also indicates that income/output growth (activity effect) contributed to an increase in sectoral energy consumption of MINT countries. It also revealed that while structural effects contributed to a reduction in energy consumption in virtually all the sectors in Turkey and Mexico, it contributed to an increase in energy consumption of the residential, industrial and commercial sectors of Indonesia and Nigeria in virtually all the periods. These results suggest that a policy framework that emphasizes the utilization of energy efficient technologies especially electricity infrastructural development aimed at energy service availability, accessibility and affordability will help to trigger desirable economic development and ensure rapid sustainable development of MINT economies.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Materials research and development needs to enable efficient and electrified buildings

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Cui ◽  
Adewale Odukomaiya ◽  
Judith Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Vapor Compression ◽  
Current State ◽  
Material Component ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Building Components

Abstract Because of the complexity of modern buildings—with many interconnected materials, components, and systems—fully electrifying buildings will require targeted R&D and efficient coordination across those material, component, and system levels. Because buildings that consume the smallest amount of energy are easier to electrify, energy efficiency is a crucial step toward fully electrified buildings. Materials advances will play an important role in both reducing the energy intensity of buildings and electrifying their remaining energy use. Materials are currently being explored, discovered, synthesized, evaluated, optimized, and implemented across many building components, including solid-state lighting; dynamic windows and opaque envelopes; cold climate heat pumps; thermal energy storage; heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC); refrigeration; non-vapor compression HVAC; and more. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of materials for various buildings end uses and discuss R&D challenges and opportunities for both efficiency and electrification. Graphical abstract

Using the Energy Intensity Ratio as an Assessment Tool for Near Term US Energy Strategy in Transportation and Petrochemicals

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davion M. Hill ◽  
Carey King
Keyword(s):  
Intensity Ratio ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Indicator ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Energy Inputs ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Returns On Investment

Conventional fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal have historically provided reasonable financial returns on investment as well as energy returned on energy invested (EROEI), despite the fact that continuous financial and energy inputs are required to use these fuels. Besides EROEI, the energy intensity ratio (EIR) is another measure for energy use and economics. The EIR is the ratio of energy bought per dollar to the energy it takes to make a dollar in the economy. In this case we are considering the cost of petroleum per barrel, and therefore we are discussing EIRp or EIR of oil based upon price. The EIRp is related to historical economical data and conclusions will be drawn about the value of EIRp as an economic indicator. Then, EIRp will be used as a tool to demonstrate the value of shifting energy resources from petroleum to alternatives, specifically for transportation and petrochemicals. The considerations for modern economic conditions as they compare to historical economic conditions will be explained, and the viability of policy and alternative technological transportation scenarios will be described in terms of EIRp and its relationship to vehicle miles travelled.

scholarly journals Population growth, energy use, and environmental impact: Comparing the Canadian and Swedish records on CO2 emissions

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Don Kerr
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
International Commitments ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
Ipat Equation

There are many similarities between Canada and Sweden, as both are relatively affluent northern nations with diverse modern economies. Both have witnessed demographic growth and climbing affluence, with predominantly export-oriented economies. Yet in terms of their respective records on greenhouse gas emissions, there is a stark contrast between the two. Sweden is often considered a world leader in reducing emissions, whereas Canada has been widely criticized for its failure to meet international commitments. The current paper attempts to delineate some of the factors responsible for the observed differences between the two countries. It examines trends in environmental impact (CO2 levels) by applying a modified and updated version of Ehrlich’s IPAT equation. The crux of the matter in comparing the two countries is Canada’s substantial population growth and heavy demand for energy (29th among 30 countries in the OECD on our measure of energy intensity) whereas Sweden has managed to move away from fossil fuels in driving its economic activity.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage systems on energy input and energy efficiency for sugar beet and soybean under Pannonian climate conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Gerhard Moitzi ◽  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Hans-Peter Kaul ◽  
Helmut Wagentristl
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Energy Input ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Use Efficiency

Sustainable cropping systems require efficient usage of fossil energy. This study performed on a long-term field experiment in the Pannonian Basis investigated the energy efficiency of four tillage systems (mouldboard plough (MP), deep conservation tillage (CT<sub>d</sub>), shallow conservation tillage (CT<sub>s</sub>) and no-tillage (NT)) for sugar beet and soybean production, taking fuel consumption, total energy input (made up of both direct and indirect inputs), crop yield, energy output, net-energy output, energy intensity and energy use efficiency into account. The input rates of fertiliser, chemical plant protection, and seeds were set constant across years; whereas measured values of fuel consumption were used for all tillage treatments. NT required a considerably lower energy input than MP and CT<sub>d</sub> as no fuel is needed for tillage and just slightly more fuel for additional spraying of glyphosate. Anyhow, the energy efficiency parameters did not differ between tillage treatments, as theses parameters were mainly determined by energy output, which was considerably higher than the energy input. However, year effects on the energy efficiency were observed for both crops. Nitrogen fertilisation and diesel fuel consumption were identified as the most energy-intensive inputs. Consequently, the energy input for sugar beet was higher than that for soybean, which was identified as a low-input crop. But sugar beet attained a more than 4 times higher net-energy output, a 2.5 times higher energy use efficiency, and an energy intensity for yield production of less than 3 times those of soybean.  

scholarly journals ISLAMIC FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT IMPACT ON ENERGY INTENSITY: EVIDENCE FROM ISLAMIC BANKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Jalil Ibrahim ◽  
Nasim S. Shirazi ◽  
Amin Mohseni-Cheraghlou
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Banking Development ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between financial development and energy intensity is yet firmly established as the literature is emerging, and the few empirical studies that have been done provide conflicting results. Whereas some conclude a U-shaped relationship between financial development and energy intensity, others show a linear relationship between the two variables.  This study investigates the relationship between financial development and energy intensity by focusing on the role of Islamic financial development. The study covers 30 countries where Islamic banks are present.  Using the  fixed-effects panel model, the empirical results suggest that Islamic banking development significantly increases energy intensity in the sample countries. We also identify other important factors that increase energy intensity.  These include carbon emissions, renewable energy use and energy imports. The findings point to the importance of designing policies to incentivize Islamic banks and Shari'ah-compliant investors to finance clean energy technologies as a potent tool for reducing energy intensity, achieving sustainable development, and greening Islamic finance.

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