scholarly journals Indaziflam: Leaching and control of Urochloa plantaginea in applications on coffee litter with different rainfall simulations

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Paulo Vinicius Da Silva ◽  
Mack José dos Santos ◽  
Sergio Mateus Tronquini ◽  
Ana Lígia Giraldeli ◽  
Roque Dias de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Simulated Rainfall ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

Coffee litter and the rain that occurs after the application of pre-emergence herbicides impact on their leaching and weed control effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaching and control effectiveness of indaziflam, applied on coffee litter, and under simulations of different amounts of rainfall. Two experiments in greenhouse were conducted with the application of indaziflam (0.1 kg of active ingredient - a.i. - ha-1), in a completely randomized design. The first involved the leaching of the herbicide using Urochloa plantaginea as a bioindicator, in a 8 x 4 factorial arrangement, with eight depths in the PVC column (0-0.05; 0.05-0.1; 0.1-0.15; 0.15-0.2; 0.2-0.25; 0.25-0.3; 0.3-0.35; 0.35-0.4 m) and four amounts of straw (0; 1; 3 and 5 t ha-1), this factor was isolated for rainfall simulations (10, 20 and 40 mm). The second experiment tested the effectiveness in controlling U. plantaginea, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four amounts of litter (0; 1; 3 and 5 t ha-1) and three amounts of rainfall (10, 20 and 40 mm). Both experiments had four repetitions and controls without application of the herbicide. In leaching, a greater effect of indaziflam was found at a depth of 0-0.05 m, and the higher the simulated rainfall, the greater the phytotoxicity observed in U. plantaginea, with 39.75%, 52.50% and 92.06%, for rainfall amounts of 10, 20 and 40 mm, respectively. U. plantaginea showed high susceptibility to control by the herbicide indaziflam, and the lowest control, 82%, was observed when indaziflam was applied on 5 t ha-1 with simulation of rainfall at 10 mm. The increase in the amount of litter on the soil surface, combined with lower amounts of rainfall can reduce the leaching of indaziflam and the control of U. plantaginea.

scholarly journals UJI EFEKTIFITAS PENGENDALIAN GULMA SECARA KIMIAWI dan MANUAL pada LAHAN REPLANTING KARET (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.Arg.) di DUSUN SUKA DAMAI DESA PONDOK MEJA KABUPATEN MUARO JAMBI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Hayata Hayata ◽  
Araz Meilin ◽  
Tari Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to know: 1) weed dominancy in rubber replanting plantations before controlling, 2) weed control effectiveness both is chemically and manualy, 3) difference weed SDR value after the chemically and manualy. This research was conducted in comunity control have been done Plantation area eg. Suka Damai  Pondok Meja village, Mestong district, Muaro Jambi Regency, Jambi province. . Research conducted for ± 2 months ( December 2014 to January 2015). Experiment using a completely randomized design with  four treatment, namely : P0: control(without treatment), P1: parakuat dichloride  dose of 6 ml 2400 ml-1 water for treatment plots, P2: glyphosate isopropyl amine  dose of 6 ml 2400 ml water-1 for treatment plots, P3: manualy control by pulling. Each treatment has four times replication. Dominant weed acreage replanting of rubber Suka damai before treatment weed control is Euphorbia hirta (SDR 29.02%), Cleome rutidospermae (SDR 19.70 %), Paspalum conjugatum (SDR 12.82%), Cyperus pilosus (SDR 7.99%), and Clidemia hirta (SDR 6.49%). Chemically weed control treatment with the herbicide paraquat and glyphosate herbicides are more effective in suppressing the growth of new weed than manually treatment. There is a difference SDR value after being given by chemically and manually weeds controling treatment the most dominant weed, Euphorbia hirta has increased from 29.02% to 45.80%, Cleome rutidospermae weed has decreased the SDR value from 19.70% to 15.26%. Keywords : herbicides, dominant weeds, rubber tree, SDR AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : 1) dominansi gulma di perkebunan replanting karet sebelum pengendalian, 2) efektifitas pengendalian gulma secara kimiawi dan manual, 3) perbedaan nilai SDR gulma yang tumbuh setelah dilakukan pengendalian secara kimiawi dan manual. Penelitian dilakukan di areal perkebunan rakyat replanting berumur 3 tahun dusun Suka damai desa Pondok Meja, kecamatan Mestong, kabupaten Muaro Jambi, provinsi Jambi.. Penelitian dilakukan selama ± 2 bulan mulai bulan Desember 2014 sampai bulan Januari 2015. Percobaan dirancang menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor dengan empat perlakuan, terdiri dari : P0: kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), P1: parakuat diklorida 6 ml 2400 ml-1 air per petak perlakuan, P2: isopropyl amina glifosat 6 ml 2400 ml air-1 per petak perlakuan, P3: pengendalian manual dengan cara dicabut. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang 4 kali Gulma dominan pada areal replanting karet dusun Suka damai sebelum perlakuan pengendalian gulma adalah Euphorbia hirta (SDR 29,02%), Cleome rutidospermae (SDR 19,70%),  Paspalum conjugatum (SDR 12,82%), Cyperus pilosus (SDR 7,99%), dan Clidemia hirta (SDR 6,49%). Pengendalian gulma secara kimiawi dengan herbisida paraquat dan herbisida glifosat lebih efektif menekan pertumbuhan gulma baru dibanding pengendalian gulma secara manual. Terdapat perbedaan nilai SDR setelah perlakuan pengendalian gulma secara kimiawi dan manual pada gulma yang paling dominan, Euphorbia hirta mengalami peningkatan dari 29,02% menjadi 45,80%, gulma Cleome rutidospermae mengalami penurunan nilai SDR dari 19,70% menjadi 15,26%. Kata kunci ; herbisida, gulma dominan, tanaman karet, SDR

The The Effect of Level Farmers' Knowledge In Some Active Chemical Insecticides Resistance to Control Plutella Xylostella Scale Laboratory

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-32
Author(s):  
Rasiska Tarin
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Chemical Insecticide ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Active Chemical ◽  
Questionnaire Result ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Two Stages

Pengaruh Tingkat Pengetahuan Petani  Pada Resistensi Beberapa Bahan Aktif Insektisida Kimia Untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Plutella Xylostella Skala Laboratorium The Effect of Level Farmers' Knowledge In Some  Active Chemical Insecticides Resistance to Control Plutella Xylostella Scale Laboratory Catur Hermanto, Rasiska Tarigan dan Fatiani Manik Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran – Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian Jln Tangkuban Perahu No 517, Lembang, Bandung Barat 40391; e-mail: [email protected]   ABSTRAK  Petani dan pestisida merupakan dua sisi  yang saling berkaitan dalam mengendalikan serangan hama penyakit tanaman dilapangan Penggunaan pestisida oleh petani semakin hari kian meningkat khususnya didataran tinggi, namun  peningkatan ini tidak diimbangi dengan pemahaman dalam menggunakan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui  pengaruh tingkat pengetahuan dan resistensi insektisida yang digunakan petani kubis di kabupaten Karo. Penelitian dilaksanakan di laboratorium Kebun Percobaan Berastagi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.340 mdpl yang dilaksanakan dari bulan september sampai november 2015. Pelaksanaan dibagi 2(dua) tahap. Tahap Pertama mengumpulkan makalah melalui teknik diskusi kelompok petani dan pengencer dan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Total jumlah responden 10 orang per 4 kecamatana. Dari hasil kuisioner dipilih jenis insektisida yang sering digunakan petani untuk diuji kepekaan ulat plutella xylostella terhadap insektisida yang diuji pada skala dilaboratoium.  Empat perlakuan dengan masing-masing terdiri atas 9 taraf konsentrasi menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dan diulang 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  petani kubis dikabupaten karo melakukan pencampuran fungi dan insektisida > 2jenis dengan frekwensi penyemprotan 2 x 1 minggum serta dosis yang digunakan tidak sesuai dengan KF yang dianjurkan. Nilai LC 50 insektisida kimia dari bahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan kloropinofos berturut-turut 1,87 ml, 1,5 ml, 1,5 ml dan 2 ml. Dan waktu Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mematikan 50 % plutella xylostella (LT 50) dari keempat insektisida kimia berbahan aktif klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin dan Kloropinfos berturut-turut adalah  39.20, 19.43, 23.57 dan 30.15 jam Kata kunci : Pengetahuan, Resistensi, Insektisida Kimia, Plutella xylostella , Laboratorium ABSTRACT. The Farmers and pesticides are important aspects that  interrelated tocontroll pests in the field of plant diseases as well as opportunities occur resistensi. The use of pesticides by farmers is constantly increasing, especially in the highlands, but this increase is not offset by an understanding in the use of pesticides. The aimed of the research to find the knowledge and the use of insecticide resistance cabbage farmers in Karo District.   The research was conducted at the laboratory of Berastagi experimental farm with altitude of 1,340 meters above sea level implemented from the month of September to November 2015. The implementation of divided by 2 (two) stages. The first is to collect  issues by discussion technique of farmers group and diluent and interview using a questionnaire. Total number of respondents  is ten peoples each four districts. From the questionnaire result so the selected types of insecticides often used by famers for the testing of  sensitivity plutella xylostella to insecticides test at laboratory scale with four treatment. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. each consisting of 9 degree of concentration using a completely randomized design and repeated 3 times. The results showed cabbage farmers in the county karo mixing fungi and insecticides> 2 types with spraying frequency of 2 x 1 week as well as the doses used did not correspond to the recommended KF. LC 50 value of the chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and kloropinofos successively 1.87 ml, 1.5 ml, 1.5 ml and 2 ml. Time and time required to shut down 50% of Plutella xylostella (LT 50) of the four chemical insecticide active ingredient klorantranilipro, prefenofos, sipemetrin and Kloropinfos are respectively 39.20, 19:43, 23:57 and 30.15 hours

Effect of Ethephon and Packaging Practices On Ripening of Mango cv. Maldah

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163
Author(s):  
S Sapkota ◽  
D Kc ◽  
H Giri ◽  
M Saud ◽  
M Basnet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Plastic Packaging ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Ethephon Treatment ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Juice Content

The present research was conducted on two factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight treatments and three replications. A set of experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of postharvest ethephon treatment and packaging on ripening of mango cv. Maldah. The treatments consisted of ripening agent i.e., ethephon and control treatment under different packaging condition i.e., fiber with hole, fiber without hole, plastic with hole and plastic without hole. The result revealed that different packaging condition and ripening agents influenced the ripening behavior of mango. The highest TSS (15.26), sugar-acid ratio (23.66) and juice content (126.05) were recorded with fiber (without hole) and the lowest TSS (12.60), sugar-acid ratio (9.01) and juice content (116.05) with plastic (without hole). The highest TA (1.44) was recorded with plastic (without hole) and the lowest (0.66) with fiber (without hole). Similarly, the highest BT (2.83) was recorded with fiber (with hole) and the lowest (1.66) with plastic (without hole). Firmness, sweetness, TSS and juice content were the highest with the interaction effect of fiber bag (without hole) and ethephon treatment. In conclusion, mango fruits with ethephon treatment packed in fiber bag (without hole) enhances quality and ripening of mango whereas under controlled condition and without hole plastic packaging mangoes had low quality performance in terms of physio-chemical properties. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 155-163 (2021)

scholarly journals Effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical and microbiological properties of costeño cheese

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 8007-8014 ◽  
Author(s):  
José G. Serpa ◽  
Tulia I. Pérez ◽  
Elvis J. Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Lactococcus Lactis ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Starter Cultures ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Microbiological Properties

The effect of pasteurization and starter cultures on physicochemical, microbiological and sensorial characteristics of costeño cheese was determined. A completely randomized design was conducted, three treatments (T) and three replicates: Treatment 1 (T1): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk without starter cultures, Treatment 2 (T2): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis and Lactococcus cremoris (1:1) and Treatment 3 (T3): cheese manufactured with pasteurized milk with Lactococcus lactis, Lactococcus cremoris and Streptococcus thermophillus(0.5:0.5:1). Treatments were compared to a control sample that was prepared with raw milk without starter cultures. Concentration of 1.5% (v/v) of culture was used in relation to the amount of used milk in each treatment. Moisture content was higher in all treatments compared to the control and protein and fat content were significantly lower. Acidity was significantly higher in samples from T2 y T3 compared to T1 and control, due to the metabolism of starter cultures. Total coliforms, yeast and mold counts showed a significant reduction due to pasteurization process in all treatments. Regarding sensorial analysis, hedonic test showed a greater preference in cheese manufactured with T2 (P<0.05). There were no significant preferences between T1, T3 and control. Additionally, yield was significantly higher with T1 (22%) and T3 (23%) compared to control.

scholarly journals Efektifitas Pestisida Biologis Bacillus Cereus dan Bacillus Megaterium. sebagai Pengendali Spodoptera litura Fabr (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Made Indra Agastya ◽  
Aminudin Afandhi ◽  
Luqman Qurata Aini
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bacillus Megaterium ◽  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

This research was conducted in vitro in the laboratory. Studies conducted in the Laboratory of Bacteriology Department of Plant Pests and Diseases of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Brawijaya, on the effectiveness of the bacteria Bacillus cereus and Bacillus megaterium as biological pesticides controlling Spodoptera litura. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the bacteria Bacillus sp as biological control. Effectiveness pesticide was measured by testing the incubation period and mortality in larvae of S. litura instar 3. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), conducted observations every 6 hours until the larvae dead. The results showed that the percentage of mortality of S. litura reached 94.66% compared to the control, while the incubation time of the bacteria B. cereus cause disease until 29.84 hours. B. cereus and B. megaterium have the ability to incubate third instar larvae of S. litura up to 29.84 hours and caused the death of larvae up to 94.66%. Keywords: Biological pesticides, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, entomopatogen, Spodoptera litura

scholarly journals Integrated management of tough lovegrass (Eragrostis plana Nees): associating chemical control tools and plant physiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Avelino Faleiro ◽  
Diego Martins Chiapinotto ◽  
Fabiane Pinto Lamego ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Schaedler ◽  
Eduardo Bohrer de Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Radiation Factor ◽  
Factor B ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Factor C ◽  
Resource Conditions ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of herbicides use in the control of tough lovegrass according to the availability of solar radiation and the presence or absence of flooded. Two experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 2x2x4 and 2x2x5 factorial scheme, where factor A was equivalent to the environment (natural or reduced radiation); factor B to water condition (with a 2 cm flooded or without); and, factor C the herbicides: cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), cyhalofop butyl + glyphosate (315 g ha-1 + 1080 g ha-1) and control (without application) in the first experiment. In the second experiment, the herbicides used were cyhalofop butyl (315 g ha-1), glyphosate (1080 g ha-1), sethoxydim (184g ha-1), imazethapyr (106 g ha-1) and control (without application). Glyphosate efficiently controls plants of tough lovegrass with four tillers (>90%), being superior to cyhalofop, imazethapyr and sethoxydim; independently, of resource conditions. Reduction in the availability of solar radiation generates less shoot dry mass production from the weed, and improves the control only by imazethapyr and cyhalofop. In general, a flooded condition does not affect tough lovegrass control by herbicides.

Effect of different selenium sources and concentrations on glutathione peroxidase activity and cholesterol metabolism of beef cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janaina S da Silva ◽  
Alessandra F Rosa ◽  
Cristina T Moncau ◽  
Bárbara Silva Vignato ◽  
Silvana Marina P Pugine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Liver Concentration ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different Se sources and concentrations on glutathione forms and cholesterol metabolism in beef cattle. Sixty-three Nellore bulls (412 ± 19 kg BW; 24 months old) were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design in a 2×3 + 1 factorial arrangement (63 pens; one animal/pen) with two Se sources (sodium selenite, ING and Se-yeast, ORG), three concentrations (0.3, 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM), and control treatment (without Se supplementation) fed for 90 days. Blood samples were collected on d 0, 28, 56, and 84. Muscle and liver samples were collected at harvest. Hepatic GSSG (P = 0.004), GSH/GSSG ratio (P = 0.030), and GSH-Px (P = 0.004) were affected by Se source x concentration interaction. Oxidized glutathione was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM, but at 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM the ING group was higher than ORG. The liver GSH-Px activity was higher in the ORG group vs. ING at concentration 0.9 and 2.7 mg supplemental Se/kg DM. The GSH/GSSG ratio was the highest in animals fed 0.3 mg supplemental Se/kg DM of ORG. Selenium liver concentration increased linearly with the supplemental Se concentration in the diet (y = 0.0583 + 0.4254x, R 2 = 0.92, P &lt; 0.0001), regardless of source. Total meat cholesterol was greater (P &lt; 0.001) in CON (control) vs. SUP (supplemented, regardless source) group. The muscle GSH-Px activity was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased (P &lt; 0.004) with increasing supplemental Se concentrations. There was an increase on VLDL, glucose, and triglycerides in ORG vs. ING (P ≤ 0.035). In general, serum Se was higher (P &lt; 0.001) in SUP vs. CON and increased with increasing supplemental Se concentration. Lastly, the HMGCR concentration was lower (P = 0.002) in SUP (0.39 ng/mL) vs. CON (0.55 ng/mL). Selenium supplementation with different sources and concentrations has the potential to affect cholesterol metabolism by affecting GSH/GSSG ratio, GSH-Px, and the HMGCR.

scholarly journals Enhancement of clover growth by inoculation of P-solubilizing fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2010 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson L. Souchie ◽  
Rosario Azcón ◽  
Jose M. Barea ◽  
Eliane M.R. Silva ◽  
Orivaldo J. Saggin-Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Environment Chamber ◽  
And Control

This study evaluated the synergism between several P-solubilizing fungi isolates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve clover ( Trifolium pratense) growth in the presence of Araxá apatite. Clover was sown directly in plastic pots with 300g of sterilized washed sand, vermiculite and sepiolite 1:1:1 (v:v:v) as substrate, and grown in a controlled environment chamber. The substrate was fertilized with 3 g L-1 of Araxá apatite. A completely randomized design, in 8×2 factorial scheme (eight P-solubilizing fungi treatments with or without arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi)and four replicates were used. The P-solubilizing fungi treatments consisted of five Brazilian P-solubilizing fungi isolates (PSF 7, 9, 20, 21 and 22), two Spanish isolates ( Aspergillus niger and the yeast Yarowia lipolytica) and control (non-inoculated treatment). The greatest clover growth rate was recorded when Aspergillus niger and PSF 21 were co-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Aspergillus niger, PSF 7 and PSF 21 were the most effective isolates on increasing clover growth in the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Greater mycorrhizal colonization resulted in greater clover growth rate in most PSF treatments. PSF 7 was the best isolate to improve the establishment of mycorrhizal and rhizobia symbiosis.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial activity and alternative control of anthracnose in papaya

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Héber Ferreira dos Reis ◽  
Lilian Maria Arruda Bacchi ◽  
Silvana de Paula Quintão Scalon ◽  
Jasna Karoliny Pereira Flores
Keyword(s):  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT: We evaluated the efficacy of natural products in the control of papaya anthracnose, in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro experiments for evaluation of mycelial growth used a completely randomized 10 × 4 factorial design (treatments × evaluation periods) with eight replicates, with sporulation evaluated at the end of the experiment. The treatments involved the use of aqueous extract at concentrations of 5 and 15% for Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry (clove), Cinnamomum zeylanicum Breym (cinnamon), and Zingiber officinalis Rox. (ginger); 1 and 3% chitosan; the fungicide Prochloraz at 100 µg.mL-1; and a control (no treatment). For evaluating conidia germination, we used six treatments with five replicates. The treatments included 7.5% of each extract (clove, cinnamon, and ginger), 1.5% chitosan, and 50 µg.mL-1 of Prochloraz. For the in vivo experiment, “Formosa” papaya “Tainung 1” was used in a completely randomized design, with six treatments and four replicates to evaluate the severity of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The fruits were treated by immersion for 5 min with 15% clove, cinnamon, and ginger extracts, 8% chitosan, and control with distilled water, and immersion for 2 min in Prochloraz (33.75 g a.i./100 L). The treatments with 15% clove extract and 8% chitosan were effective in all evaluations, resulting in a viable alternative to the fungicide Prochloraz. The treatments with ginger extract were less effective and those with cinnamon offered intermediate control.

scholarly journals Physiological and Sanitary Quality of Safflower Seeds Under Different Seed Treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Janine Farias Menegaes ◽  
Ubirajara Russi Nunes ◽  
Carla Medianeira Bertagnolli ◽  
Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz ◽  
Rogério Antônio Bellé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Laboratory ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
High Susceptibility ◽  
Dendranthema Grandiflora ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Cold Chamber

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) presents a high susceptibility for the attack of pathogens, resulting in low productivity of seeds. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of safflower seeds submitted to different treatments. The experiment was conducted in the Floricultural Sector and in the Didactic and Seed Research Laboratory, in completely randomized design, with 4x9 (lots of seeds and treatment of seeds), with four repetitions. The lots of seeds were cultivated in the crop 2017/2018, the sowing occurred in the first fortnight of each season of the year (autumn, winter, spring and summer). After collected, the lots were stored in cold chamber with average degree of humidity of 9.0%. The treatments of seeds were constituted by: control, thermotherapy via humid heat, thermotherapy via dry heat, Trichoderma harzianum, chemical fungicide with active ingredients of Carbendazim+Thiram, Metalaxyl-M+Fludioxonil and Carboxin+Thiram, vegetal extracts of Dendranthema grandiflora and of Melia azedaeach. We evaluated the seeds treated by the standard test of germination, length and mass of seedlings, emergence and sanity. We observed that all the tested treatments benefit the safflower culture, promoting improvement in its germination, with efficient establishment of seedlings in the field. At the same time that was carried out the infestation control of the pathogens on the same, among the treatments we highlight the chemical fungicide with active ingredient Carbendazim+Thiram.

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