scholarly journals Influence of seed sowing rates on height, development and yield of the Russian varieties of oil-type sunflower in the Tashkent region of the Uzbekistan Republic

Author(s):  
Z.K. Yuldasheva ◽  
◽  
A.S. Bushnev ◽  
N.Kh. Ergasheva ◽  
◽  
...  

To obtain high yields of good quality of sunflower seeds, it is necessary to strictly observe scientifically justified cultivation technology, which combines techniques accounting both the biological features of the crop and the natural and climatic conditions of the region. But the role of varietal agricultural technology is also great, which takes into account the properties of a new variety and ensures the fullest realization of its productivity potential under these conditions. Research and development data are very important when introducing crops or varieties into new regions. In this regard, it became necessary to study and scientifically substantiate the optimal seed sowing rates of Russian sunflower varieties in irrigated conditions of the Uzbekistan Republic. The effect of seed sowing rates on the growth, development and yield of Russian oil sunflower varieties was studied in 2020– 2021 at the experimental station of the Tashkent State Agrarian University of Uzbekistan. The objects of the research were promising varieties Irtysh, Skormas (Russia) and the local variety Dilbar (Uzbekistan), which were cultivated at different seed sowing rates, providing a plant population of 40, 50, 60 and 70 thousand plants per ha. As a result of the studies, we found out, according to the complex of economically valuable traits, the best varieties of oil sunflower in the conditions of the Tashkent region are the middle maturing variety Dilbar of the local selection and the ultra-early maturing variety Skormas of the Russian selection, they formed the highest yield in the main crops on irrigation with a seed sowing rate of 50 thousand plant per ha – 4.35 and 4.09 t per ha, respectively. The Russian variety Irtysh is ultra-early maturing, the growing season is 86–88 days, it is less productive and can be considered as promising for repeated crops.

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding


2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
M. S. Kornilova ◽  
V. A. Suslova ◽  
L. N. Verbitskaya

Relevance. The creation of varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits, resistant to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, is the main direction in melon breeding. The market for vegetables and melons and gourds is very dynamic, the demands for varieties are constantly changing, therefore, it is necessary to introduce new varieties with high taste and commercial qualities, as well as capable of producing high yields in a changing climate. The aim of the work is to produce a new melon starting material for use in the breeding process.Materials and methods. At the Bikovskaya cucurbits breeding experimental station – branch of the Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific vegetable center", research was carried out from 2018 to 2020. The object of research is samples from the collection of VIR, foreign and domestic selection, hybrid combinations obtained as a result of intervarietal hybridization. Collection samples of melon were studied in the nursery of the source material: 84 samples from the VIR collection, 26 samples of domestic and foreign selection were studied.Results. As a result of the research, samples of melon with economically valuable traits were identified that meet the requirements of selection. Paired crosses with zoned varieties of local selection were carried out with them. As a result of hybridization, hybrid combinations F1 were obtained, from which the best ones were selected for further breeding work. The obtained collection samples and hybrid combinations were evaluated in terms of taste, yield, resistance to environmental abiofactors, dry matter content, large-fruited, attractive color of the fruit and pulp As a result received a new source material for the selection of new varieties and hybrids of melons with valuable economic traits. The resulting hybrid combinations of F1 melon were tested against an infectious background. Hybrid combinations with the best performance will be further studied in a breeding nursery.


Author(s):  
М.Sh. Asfandiyarova ◽  
◽  
Т.P. Rybakova ◽  

In 2017–2018, we studied 45 sesame samples from the VIR collection in the experimental fields of the Cis-Caspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PAFNC RAN). According to temperature indicators, conditions of the years of a research were favorable for the growth and development of sesame. The sum of positive temperatures over the years was equal 3253.8 and 3249.7 °C, respectively. The length of the vegetative period of samples varied from 104 to 133 days. The earliest maturing samples (98–105 days) were KK-80 and 741 from Uzbekistan and K-802 from Tajikistan. As middle-early maturing (106–115 days) 11 samples were characterized, 25 samples were middle maturing (116–125 days), and five samples were late maturing (126–133 days). The most of the samples (33 samples) had seeds of average size (1000 seeds weight of 3.0–3.4 g) at the standard level (3.1 g). By a complex of economically valuable traits we selected 30 samples. The samples KK-883, 291, 171, 265, 468 from Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan, Turkey, Tunisia and Malta demonstrated the highest yield (3.0–4.3 t/ha). Very early maturing samples of sesame with high yields are of great interest and can be used in breeding work.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
E. G. Filippov ◽  
A. A. Dontsova ◽  
D. P. Dontsov ◽  
R. N. Bragin

In recent years, the spring-summer period of the Rostov region is characterized with a lack of moisture supply in the initial period of plant growing and formation of generative organs, as well as in the filling period of spring barley grain. The highest productivity under these conditions, according to the study of previous years, has been formed by the middle-early and early-maturing varieties. The breeding work for the development of early-maturing spring barley varieties has been going on for many decades in the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”. The purpose of the current study was to develop a new highly productive early-maturing spring barley variety, adapted to the arid soil and climatic conditions of the south of Russia. The current paper has presented characteristics of the new early-maturing spring barley variety ‘Fedos’, adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the arid Russian regions and resistant to negative environmental stress factors. The new variety was characterized by high yields (+0.4 t/ha to the standard one), large kernel (1000 kernel weight was more than 47 g), fairly high protein percentage in grain (+1.3% to the standard one). In comparison with the standard variety, the new variety has formed higher yields due to the increased number of productive stems per 1 m2 (on 12 pcs. more) and kernel weight per head (+0.2 g). In addition, the variety ‘Fedos’ produced large, well-filled kernel even in severely arid years (+5.6 g to the standard one). The new variety is more resistant to major leaf diseases than the standard one.


2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 


2019 ◽  
pp. 159-161
Author(s):  
O. M. Vyutnova ◽  
T. Yu. Polyanina ◽  
I. A. Novikova

Relevance. One of the types of agricultural raw materials for the food industry is the root chicory, the product from the roots of which is produced in pure form, as well as is an important component in the production of tea and coffee drinks, confectionery. Its value is determined by the content in the roots of inulin, fructose, intibin and chicory. Despite the great economic importance and economic profitability of chicory cultivation, in recent years, the local processing industry is not provided with this type of raw material and is forced to buy the product from dried root crops in other countries, such as Ukraine, Italy and India. Modern agricultural production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, combining high yields and chemical and technological qualities, having the form of a root crop suitable for mechanized harvesting, and adapted to cultivation in soil and climatic conditions of the Non-chernozem zone. Purpose of work: to assess the nature of the impact of ultraviolet radiation in the time mode on watermelon seeds using cytogenetic analysis.Material and methods. The article describes the results of the test in the control nursery of a new sample of chicory root with 0428 selection of Rostov OSC.Results. As a result of breeding work, a promising sample of root chicory. It was isolated early maturing, with high yields and economically valuable properties, root crop truncated, suitable for mechanized harvesting by commercially available machines. 


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
N. S. Gabysheva

The results of the study (2016–2018) of the blackcurrant initial breeding material in yield, winter hardiness, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite in Central Yakutia are presented. The observations were carried out in a breeding garden with a planting scheme of 2 × 1 m. Objects of the research were 90 hybrids of blackcurrant. The studied hybrid forms were divided into 5 genetic groups of different origin, obtained from intercultivar, intraspecifi c, and interspecifi c crosses of descendants of the European (Ribes nigrum ssp. Europaeum (Jancz.)) and Siberian subspecies of blackcurrant (R. nigrum ssp. Sibiricum (E.W.)), Scandinavian currants (R. nigrum ssp. scandicum Hedl.), wild currants (R. dikuscha Fisch. ex Turcz.), few-fl owered currants (R. pausifl orum Turcz. ex Pojark) and recumbent currants (R. procumbens Pall.). The most winter-hardy in the sharply continental climatic conditions of Yakutia are hybrids in the families of the Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya (1-2-13), Altaiskaya Late × Lucia (15-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk (1-1813, 2-2-13, 2-4-13, 2-16-13), Podarok Kuzioru × Lucia (4-9-13). Resistance to blackcurrant gall mite was shown by hybrid families Altaiskaya Late × Yakutskaya, Altaiskaya Late × Hara Kytalyk, Altaiskaya Late × Lucia, Lama × Hara Kytalyk, Nika × Hara Kytalyk, Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk. American powdery mildew did not affect 78 out of 90 plants of blackcurrant. The hybrids 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk), 5-13-13 (Sharovidnaya × Hara Kytalyk), 3-11-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla), 516-13, 5-17-13 (Sharovidnaya × Pamyati Kyndyla were characterized by high yields (from 12.5 to 19.4 t/ha). The forms distinguished by individual characteristics can be used in further blackcurrant breeding as sources of economically valuable traits. Hybrid forms 3-4-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Hara Kytalyk) and 3-6-13, 3-13-13 (Podarok Kuzioru × Pamyati Kyndyla) are of interest as complex sources of high yield, resistance to powdery mildew and blackcurrant gall mite.


2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.V. Vysochin ◽  
V.I. Leunov ◽  
Yu.V. Bortsova

В России значительную долю культуры огурца традиционно выращивают в открытом грунте, откуда продукцию используют для потребления как в свежем, так и консервированном виде. Расширение сортимента огурца открытого грунта актуально в силу существенно различающихся по природно-климатическим условиям регионов страны, а также вкусов потребителей, технологий производства и переработки. В последние десятилетия большое значение приобретают сорта и гибриды интенсивного типа плодоношения, универсального назначения, устойчивые к основным болезням, с высокой товарностью и качеством плодов, обеспечивающие конкурентоспособность на рынке. Для регионов Сибири и сходных с ними по природно-климатическим условиям регионов большое значение имеет использование скороспелых сортов и гибридов. Цель исследований – создание новых сортов и гибридов огурца для открытого грунта с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков и свойств, способных стабильно плодоносить в регионах с неустойчивыми природно-климатическими условиями – в стрессовых условиях: с резкими перепадами температуры и влажности воздуха и почвы. Задачи: изучить и выявить перспективный исходный материал для селекции новых сортов и гибридов различного направления (универсального назначения, консервных, для механизированного возделывания и уборки, пригодных к относительно длительному хранению и транспортировке плодов). На Западно-Сибирской овощной опытной станции с 1968 года по настоящее время с использованием выделившихся из коллекции образцов огурца созданы новые исходные формы и на их основе – ряд новых сортов и гибридов различного морфобиологического типа с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков. Выведенные в последние 20 лет скороспелые сорта и гибриды обладают высокой стабильной урожайностью 35,1–46,2 т/га, а среднеранние – урожайностью 30,8–32,7 т/га. Специально созданные сорта и гибриды при одноразовой уборке позволяют получать урожайность 17,4–22,9 т/га. Новые сорта и гибриды отличаются относительно высокой устойчивостью к основным болезням и хорошим качеством плодов. В Кировской области получены новые женские линии, на базе которых выведены перспективные гетерозисные гибриды F1 наиболее приспособленные для условий региона.In Russia a significant proportion of cucumber crop is traditionally cultivated in the open ground, where the products are used for consumption both in fresh and canned form. The expansion of the assortment of cucumbers open ground is important due to significantly different climatic conditions of the regions of the country and tastes of consumers, technology of production and processing. In recent decades, great importance attaches to the varieties and hybrids of intensive type of fruiting, multi-purpose, resistant to the main diseases, with high marketability and quality of fruits to ensure competitiveness on the market. For the regions of Siberia and similar natural and climatic conditions of the regions the great value has use of early-maturing varieties and hybrids. The purpose of the research is the creation of new varieties and hybrids of cucumber for open ground with a complex of economic valuable traits and properties that are able to consistently bear fruit in regions with unstable climatic conditions in a stressful environment: with the rapid changes in temperature and humidity of the air and soil. Objectives: to examine and identify promising source material for breeding new varieties and hybrids of different directions (multi-purpose, can, for mechanized cultivation and harvesting suitable for relatively long-term storage and transportation of fruit). On the West-Siberian vegetable experimental station from 1968 to the present, using the evolved from the collection of the samples of cucumber created new original forms and on the basis of a number of new varieties and hybrids of different morphological type with the complex of economically valuable traits. Bred in past 20 years, early maturing varieties and hybrids possess high stable yield of 35.1–46.2 t/ha and mid – yield of 30.8–32.7 t/ha. a specially created varieties and hybrids with disposable cleaning allow to 17,4 yield of 22.9 t/ha. New varieties and hybrids feature a relatively high resistance to main diseases and good quality fruit. In Kirov region received a new women's line, on the basis of which display promising heterotic hybrids F1 the most adapted for conditions of the region.


2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-292
Author(s):  
A. G. Tulinov ◽  
A. Yu. Lobanov

In the conditions of the Komi Republic in 2017-2019 a comprehensive assessment of the new medium early table variety of potato Vychegodsky was carried out. Two zoned and one recommended for the I Northern region of the Russian Federation potato varieties were used as standard. They had different periods of ripening and various parameters of responsiveness to environmental conditions (linear regression coefficient of the yield of varieties bi). The varieties were Udacha (recommended) - early, poorly responsive (bi = 0.5), Nevsky (zoned) – medium early, with close to linear dependence (bi = 1.0) and the variety of local selection Zyryanets (zoned) - medium early, with the highest response coefficient (bi = 1.7). In 2017, the significant excess by 7.0 t/ha of the yield of tubers of the Vychegodsky variety over the Nevsky standard was determined. On average for three years of research the productivity of the new variety was 27.2 t/ha (1.7-2.0 t/ha higher than the controls). The yield of Vychegodsky variety was formed mainly during the last 20 days of vegetation, and the average weight of a tuber had increased by 134% during that period. On the whole, Vychegodsky variety formed 10-12 tubers weighing 40-60 g. The plasticity of the variety is moderate (bi = 1.2), which is optimal for a risk farming zone. The dry matter content is 24.1%, starch is 15.7%, and vitamin C is 11.2 mg%. Vychegodsky variety has demonstrated high resistance to major diseases affecting the tops and tubers during the summer vegetation period (late blight, altarnariosis, rhizoctoniosis, common scab). A molecular genetic expert study of DNA for the presence of 10 major resistance marker genes has been conducted. Genes responsible for the resistance of the Vychegodsky variety to potato cancer and golden potato nematode have been revealed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 01013
Author(s):  
Khamid Malkanduev ◽  
Rustam Shamurzaev ◽  
Aminat Malkandueva

A new high yielding winter barley of Madar variety is presented. One of the main conditions to obtain high yields is the use of new varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of a particular region. Therefore, the objective of our research, when creating the variety, was to increase productivity by improving adaptive properties and elements of productivity of plants and heads. As a result of joint work with breeders of FSBSI of the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko a new variety of winter barley Madar for forage direction was created, with a potential yield of more than 80 dt/ha. For the years of the comparative testing at FSBSI of the National Center of Grain named after P.P. Lukyanenko by predecessors sunflower, winter wheat and white mustard, yields of the variety were 118.7 dt/ha; 87.5 and 68.4 dt/ha respectively. In the tests on seeding time, yields in the variety ranged from 65.3 to 81.7 dt/ha. The new variety is resistant to lodging, winterhardiness and drought resistance. The variety is suitable for cultivation according to all technologies; it can be cultivated in all zones of Russia. The estimated economic effect of the new variety is an increase in yields from 3 to 8dt/ha.


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