A comprehensive method for studying the degree of thermal damage to steel elements of vehicles using field methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 ◽  
pp. 137-151
Author(s):  
Yu. D. Motorygin ◽  
◽  
G. A. Sikorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Fuel Load ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Independent Field

Introduction. Every year, the number of registered motor vehicles in Russia increases, with an increase of 30 % over the past 10 years. The desire to extend the service life of existing vehicles leads to an increase in breakdowns that lead to fire. The task of identifying places where there was an emergency situation that led to a fire is difficult, especially in the case of a complete burnout of the fuel load of the car. Goals and objectives. The purpose of the work is to create a methodology by which it is possible to conduct studies of cold-formed steel products of the vehicle body to determine the zone of the greatest thermal damage. Each method determines one of the characteristics that changes when the steel is exposed to high temperatures. The main task of the work is to test the possibility of applying these methods in a certain sequence to determine the zone that has undergone more annealing. Research methods. The complex method includes induction thickness measurement, which allows measuring the thickness of a layer of high-temperature oxide; a method for measuring the coercive force or demagnetization currents, as well as a method for measuring microhardness. The latter method will determine the decrease in the hardness of the vehicle body after exposure to high temperatures. Results and its discussion. The obtained data on the degree of thermal damage to cold-deformed steel products of the car body by three independent field methods will increase the reliability of the combustion start zone, which in turn will determine the search zone for the cause of ignition. Conclusion. Determining the specific cause of the fire during the maintenance, repair and operation of vehicles will allow you to exclude similar emergency modes in the future. The introduction of a comprehensive method for investigating the condition of an object after a fire will significantly increase the level of reliability of the results obtained when searching for a breakdown that led to a fire. Keywords: fire source, car body, thermal changes, field methods, complex technique, magnetic properties, scale thickness, microhardness

scholarly journals On Ch. Perelman’s Rhetoric Theory of Argumentation

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-188
Author(s):  
A. V. Kosarev
Keyword(s):  
Logical Form ◽  
Rhetorical Theory ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Starting Point

After the rhetoric has lost its disciplinary specifics, in the XX century there was a wave of renewed interest in it, expressed in the development of the study of argumentation as an independent field of knowledge. The origin of the rhetorical field in the theory of argumentation was initiated by Ch. Perelman. He rejects the strict logical form of the construction of the argument, since it does not take into account the goals, conditions, means and context of the argument. He examines argumentation as a process of interaction between the orator and the audience, and identifies and analyzes techniques that lead to conviction as a result. The main task of Ch. Perelman consists in improvement of the communicative practices in the society by justifying the indissoluble unity of the concepts of the audience and argumentation. The specific features of the rhetorical theory of argumentation consist in the concepts of argumentation as a unified network of arguments, a new understanding of the audience and its typology, a shift in the assessment of the quality of public communication from the orator to the audience, the concept of the starting point of the argument and the value of argument.

Thermal Damage on Claystone After Exposure to Different High Temperatures: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 20160106 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zhang ◽  
Q. Sun ◽  
L. Cao ◽  
B. Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperatures ◽  
Thermal Damage

scholarly journals 139 Assessment Criteria of Bentonite Binding Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Żymankowska-Kumon
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Copper Complex ◽  
Compression Strength ◽  
Assessment Criteria ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Standard Parameter ◽  
Growth Indicator

Abstract The criteria, with which one should be guided at the assessment of the binding properties of bentonites used for moulding sands, are proposed in the paper. Apart from the standard parameter which is the active bentonite content, the unrestrained growth indicator should be taken into account since it seems to be more adequate in the estimation of the sand compression strength. The investigations performed for three kinds of bentonites, applied in the Polish foundry plants, subjected to a high temperature influences indicate, that the pathway of changes of the unrestrained growth indicator is very similar to the pathway of changes of the sand compression strength. Instead, the character of changes of the montmorillonite content in the sand in dependence of the temperature is quite different. The sand exhibits the significant active bentonite content, and the sand compression strength decreases rapidly. The montmorillonite content in bentonite samples was determined by the modern copper complex method of triethylenetetraamine (Cu(II)-TET). Tests were performed for bentonites and for sands with those bentonites subjected to high temperatures influences in a range: 100-700°C.

scholarly journals Termite mounds mitigate half of termite methane emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (52) ◽  
pp. 13306-13311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp A. Nauer ◽  
Lindsay B. Hutley ◽  
Stefan K. Arndt
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Tracer Test ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Termite Species ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Independent Field ◽  
Species Specific

Termites are responsible for ∼1 to 3% of global methane (CH4) emissions. However, estimates of global termite CH4emissions span two orders of magnitude, suggesting that fundamental knowledge of CH4turnover processes in termite colonies is missing. In particular, there is little reliable information on the extent and location of microbial CH4oxidation in termite mounds. Here, we use a one-box model to unify three independent field methods—a gas-tracer test, an inhibitor approach, and a stable-isotope technique—and quantify CH4production, oxidation, and transport in three North Australian termite species with different feeding habits and mound architectures. We present systematic in situ evidence of widespread CH4oxidation in termite mounds, with 20 to 80% of termite-produced CH4being mitigated before emission to the atmosphere. Furthermore, closing the CH4mass balance in mounds allows us to estimate in situ termite biomass from CH4turnover, with mean biomass ranging between 22 and 86 g of termites per kilogram of mound for the three species. Field tests with excavated mounds show that the predominant location of CH4oxidation is either in the mound material or the soil beneath and is related to species-specific mound porosities. Regardless of termite species, however, our data and model suggest that the fraction of oxidized CH4(fox) remains well buffered due to links among consumption, oxidation, and transport processes via mound CH4concentration. The meanfoxof 0.50 ± 0.11 (95% CI) from in situ measurements therefore presents a valid oxidation factor for future global estimates of termite CH4emissions.

Formulation of Reliability-Based Fatigue Assessment of a Car Body for a High Speed Train Passing Through Tunnels

2006 ◽  
Vol 321-323 ◽  
pp. 1530-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choo Soo Park ◽  
Sung Il Seo ◽  
Sung Hoon Choi ◽  
Jin Yong Mok
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Railway Vehicle ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Fatigue Reliability ◽  
Car Body ◽  
System Pressure

In designing the structures of railway rolling stocks, deterministic methods associated with the concept of a safety factor have been traditionally used. The deterministic approaches based on the mean values of applied loads and material properties have been used as safety verification for the design of the car body structures. The uncertainties in the applied loading for the high speed train and the strength of new materials in the structure require the application of probabilistic approaches to ensure fatigue safety in the desired system. Pressure loadings acting on the car body when the train passes through tunnels show reflected pressure waves for high-speed trains and they may cause a fatigue failure in vehicle bodies. In this paper, it is proposed that a fatigue design and assessment method based on a structural reliability that deals with the loading of pressure variations on a railway vehicle reflected in tunnels and the strength variations of material. Equation for the fatigue reliability index has been formulated to calculate the reliability assessment of a vehicle body under fluctuating pressure loadings in a tunnel. Considered in this formulation are the pressure distribution characteristics, the fatigue strength distribution characteristics, and the concept of stress-transfer functions due to the pressure loading.

Joint Detail Simulation by Beam Element in Vehicle Body

2010 ◽  
Vol 37-38 ◽  
pp. 603-607
Author(s):  
Wen Bin Hou ◽  
Hong Zhe Zhang ◽  
Ping Hu ◽  
Xing Chen Pan
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Method ◽  
Beam Element ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Design Phase ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Decoupling Method ◽  
Joint Simulation ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Parameter Values

The simulation of joint is pivotal for car body structural analysis in concept design phase. The detail simulation method was implemented by solving the detail joint model using non-decoupling method. The detail information was afforded about joint detail modeling and the process of non-decoupling. The process of solving the parameters of joint was also described with equations. By the solved parameter values, the joint concept was built with ball hinge elements and spring elements. At last, a comparison between concept model with detail joint simulation and detail model of car body shows that the detail simulation method in this paper is feasible and accurate.

scholarly journals Complex method of defects diagnostics in underground structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 02013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Beskopylny ◽  
Alexander Lyapin ◽  
Maxim Kadomtsev ◽  
Andrey Veremeenko
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Calculated Spectrum ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Underground Structures ◽  
Operation Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Pedestrian Crossing

The article presents a comprehensive method for diagnosing underground structures using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing located in Rostov-on-Don. The problem of assessing the condition of buildings and structures is very relevant at all stages of the life cycle. There is a special need for continuous monitoring of bearing structures for many buildings with critical applications especially if reliability of which determines the life and health of people. This work considered complex method included geodetic research, geological study of the state of sub-soil, analysis of state of steel and reinforced concrete structures, vibro diagnostics of load-bearing structures under dynamic technogenic impacts and an assessment of the mechanical characteristics of steel and reinforced concrete structures in order to develop a conclusion on the overall state of the transition and the possibility of its further operation. Analysis of the response from arbitrary non-stationary effects on structural elements is carried out on the base of the calculated spectrum of reference impacts.

scholarly journals Modelling of communicants' strategic plans in personal German-language interview

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 176-183
Author(s):  
Y. W. Nesteriuk
Keyword(s):  
German Language ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Communicative Interaction ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Transcription System ◽  
The Core ◽  
Comprehensive Method ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Strategic Program

This article describes and tests the author's methodology for analyzing the specifics of interaction and the implementation of communicants' strategic plans in personal German-language interview. The author's understanding of the personal interview as a communicative event, in which the interaction of communicative processes of varying degrees of complexity and structure is implemented, implies a detailed study of the conditions and nature of each of them. In order to study communicative activity and features of interaction in the personal German-speaking interview, which has such characteristics as goal-setting and spontaneity, ritualization and self-organization, the presence of subject-logical and psycho-social plans of interaction development, the author undertakes to develop a comprehensive method of analysis. The material for the study in this article was an interview with the renowned German literary critic Marcel Reich-Ranicki Hasste Marcel Reich-Ranicki wirklich die Frauen?. The linguistic material was examined in detail using a transcript of the video interview created with the FOLKER / Exmaralda programme (Institut fr Deutsche Sprache) in accordance with the GAT2 transcription system. The complex method of analysis described in this article is based on the theoretical postulates and practical methods of the current trends in modern linguistics and communication research. It enables the study of the peculiarities of communicative interaction and the analysis of verbal realization of communicants' strategic programs. As a result of the application of the described complex method of analysis the author identified structural and discursive units of analysis and made a conclusion that the core of the interviewer's strategic program forms the strategy of information request with the dominance of tactics of argumentation and establishing and maintaining intersubjective relations. The interviewee's strategic program is constituted by the strategy of self-presentation, the core of which in this interview are the tactics of enhancing one's own image and the tactics of informing.

The Implement of Optimization Design of a Car Body Based on VCD-ICAE System

2012 ◽  
Vol 479-481 ◽  
pp. 2577-2581
Author(s):  
Wen Bin Hou ◽  
Zhen Jun Bi ◽  
Hong Zhe Zhang ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Concept Design ◽  
Multi Objective Optimization ◽  
Detailed Model ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Body Concept

In order to get the optimistic structure property and design parameters of a car body, the system of vehicle body concept design (VCD-ICAE) was developed by us to make the body design in the conceptual phase in the paper. It can build parametric geometry modeling and FEM model of body-in-white (BIW) automatically, and the structural stiffness was calculated. Based on the former model, a multi-objective optimization of the total body was designed to afford the reasonable parameters for detailed model of BIW, which realized lightweight of the whole body and high stiffness. In the paper, the total theory and flowchart of vehicle body concept design were afforded. An example with real body’s data was shown to prove the validity of the multi-objective optimization module in VCD-ICAE system. Finally, the optimal design scheme of the body was provided.

scholarly journals Car body and bogie connection modification for track curves passability improvement

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 03009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hauser ◽  
Olena S. Nozhenko ◽  
Kateryna O. Kravchenko ◽  
Mária Loulová ◽  
Juraj Gerlici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vehicle Dynamics ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Car Body ◽  
Contact Wear ◽  
Curved Track ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Transition Curves

For Tram cars, it is often necessary to operate in cities on strongly curved track, which is followed by an increased effect of the vehicle on the track. Especially, this increased effect occurs in spiral transition curves situated between direct and arc sections or between two arc sections of different radius. In such case, increased guiding forces, creep in the rail - wheel contact, wear and noise generation can be observed. Exactly with the aim to reduce these undesirable effects we designed a tram bogie with steered wheelsets. This paper deals with a modification of its coupling to vehicle body in order to improve vehicle dynamics in transition curves. Proposed innovative construction of this coupling unit is registered by authors under Utility Model Nr. u201609015 and Utility Model Nr. u201703246. Description of the proposed way for a vehicle to pass through curved track with regard to bogie-body coupling and wheelset steering mechanisms with usage of multibody computing software is given in this paper.

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