scholarly journals Niosomes: Potential Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 389-394
Author(s):  
Ashish Suttee ◽  
Vijay Mishra ◽  
Pallavi Nayak ◽  
Manvendra Singh ◽  
Pavani Sriram
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Pharmacological Agents ◽  
Drug Degradation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Traditional Drug

Niosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery systems, where the solution is surrounded by non-ionic surfactant vesicles. The niosomes offer different benefits over the traditional drug delivery system. Niosomes are structurally similar to liposomes, as they also consist of a bilayer. In the case of niosomes, the bilayer consists of non-ionic surface-active agents instead of phospholipids, as seen in liposomes. Niosomes are much more stable during the process of formulation and storage, as compared to liposomes. Niosomes may resolve the issues of insolubility, volatility, poor bioavailability, and rapid drug degradation. It has been discovered in recent years that, these vesicles can enhance drug bioavailability and can act as a new strategy to deliver many conventional therapeutic agents, such as, protein drugs, and gene materials. It is also easy to prepare and scale up this novel delivery system with low production costs. The delivery of drugs via niosomal formulations may be relevant to several pharmacological agents for their activity against different diseases. The present review provides an overview about the advantages and disadvantages, fabrication techniques, types, characterization technique, and different applications of niosomes.

scholarly journals Noisomes: as novel vesicular drug delivery system

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar Ray ◽  
Nargish Bano ◽  
Tripti Shukla ◽  
Neeraj Upmanyu ◽  
Sharad P. Pandey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Repulsive Forces

Target-specific drug-delivery systems for the administration of pharmaceutical compounds enable the localization of drugs to target sites within the body.  The basic component of drug delivery systems is an appropriate carrier that protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and thereby enhances drug concentration in target tissues. Niosome are microscopic non-ionic surfactant bilayer vesicles obtained on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without incorporation of cholesterol or their lipids. The amphiphilic nature of niosomes promotes their efficiency in encapsulating lipophilic or hydrophilic drugs.  Noisome are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic, more stable, inexpensive, biodegradable, biocompatible, non immunogenic and exhibit flexibility in their structural characterization. Various additives in niosomes include nonionic surfactant as film forming agent, cholesterol as stabilizing and rigidizing agent for the bilayer and various charge inducers which develop a charge on the surface of niosomes and stabilize the prepared formulation by the resulting repulsive forces. Niosomes have been widely evaluated for controlled release and targeted delivery for the treatment of cancer, viral infections, microbial diseases, psoriasis, leishmaniasis, migraine, parkinson and other diseases. Niosomes can prolong the circulation of the entrapped drug in body. Encapsulation of drug in vesicular system can be predicted to prolong the existence of drug in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, perhaps reduce toxicity if selective uptake can be achieved. In addition to conventional, oral and parenteral routes, they are amenable to be delivered by ocular, transdermal, vaginal and inhalation routes. Delivery of biotechnological products including vaccine delivery with niosomes is also an interesting and promising research area. More concerted research efforts, however, are still required to realize the full potential of these novel systems. This review article focuses on the concept of niosomes, advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, separation of unentrapped drug, factors influencing the niosomal formulation and characterization, marketed formulations of niosomes and also gives up to date information regarding recent applications of niosomes in drug delivery. Keyword:  Drug-delivery system, Niosomes, 

A Review on Emerging Floating Drug Delivery System

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christe Mary M ◽  
Sasikumar Swamiappan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Gastric Fluid ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Gastric Residence Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery ◽  
Floating Drug Delivery System

Presently, various approaches have been exploited in the prolongation of gastric residence time which includes floating drug delivery system (FDDS), swelling and expanding systems, bio-adhesive systems, modified shape systems and high density systems. Among various methods, floating drug delivery system is considered to be a predominant method. Gastric emptying of dosage forms is an extremely varying process and ability to extend and control the emptying time is a valuable resource for the dosage forms. This FDDS is having the ability to provides a solution for this purpose. The FDDS is a bulk density system lower than the gastric fluid, so that the rest will float on the stomach contents for a prolonged period of time and allowing the drug to release slowly at a desired rate from the system and intensifies the bio-availability of the drug having narrow absorption window. The main intension of writing this review on floating drug delivery system is to study the mechanism of flotation to acheive the gastric retention and to discuss briefly about the background of FDDS, advantages and disadvantages, application of FDDS and factors affecting the gastric retension time.

An Overview of Second Generation Nanoparticles− Nanostructure Lipid Carrier Drug Delivery System

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 5181-5189
Author(s):  
Prabhat Kumar Sahoo ◽  
Neha S.L ◽  
Arzoo Pannu
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
Random Structure ◽  
Stability Parameters

Lipids are used as vehicles for the preparation of various formulations prescribed for administrations, including emulsions, ointments, suspension, tablets, and suppositories. The first parental nano-emulsion was discovered from the 1950s when it was added to the intravenous administration of lipid and lipid-soluble substances. Lipid-based drug delivery systems are important nowadays. Solid nanoparticles (SLN) and Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are very proficient due to the ease of production process, scale-up capability, bio-compatibility, the biodegradability of formulation components and other specific features of the proposed route. The administration or nature of the materials must be loaded into these delivery systems. The main objectives of this review are to discuss an overview of second-generation nanoparticles, their limitations, structures, and route of administration, with emphasis on the effectiveness of such formulations. NLC is the second generation of lipid nanoparticles having a structure like nanoemulsion. The first generation of nanoparticles was SLN. The difference between both of them is at its core. Both of them are a colloidal carrier in submicron size in the range of 40-1000 nm. NLC is the most promising novel drug delivery system over the SLN due to solving the problem of drug loading and drug crystallinity. Solid and liquid lipids combination in NLC formation, improve its quality as compare to SLN. NLC has three types of structures: random, amorphous, and multiple. The random structure containing solid-liquid lipids and consisting crystal and the liquid lipid irregular in shape; thereby enhance the ability of the lipid layer to pass through the membrane. The second is the amorphous structure. It is less crystalline in nature and can prevent the leakage of the loaded drug. The third type is multiple structures, which have higher liquid lipid concentrations than other types. The excipients used to form the NLC are bio-compatible, biodegradable and non-irritating, most of which can be detected using GRAS. NLC is a promising delivery system to deliver the drug through pulmonary, ocular, CNS, and oral route of administration. Various methods of preparation and composition of NLC influence its stability Parameters. In recent years at the educational level, the potential of NLC as a delivery mechanism targeting various organs has been investigated in detail.

A Conceptual Analysis of solid Self-emulsifying drug Delivery System and its Associate Patents for the Treatment of Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Singh ◽  
Shweta Rai ◽  
Sankha Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Ternary Phase Diagram ◽  
Review Article ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Hydrophobic Drugs ◽  
Drug Bioavailability

Background: About two-third of new drugs reveal low solubility in water due to that; it becomes difficult for formulation scientists to develop oral solid dosage forms with a pharmaceutically acceptable range of therapeutic activity. In such cases, S-SMEEDS are the best carrier used universally for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs. SEDDS were also used, but due to its limitations, S-SMEDDS used widely. These are the isotropic mixtures of oils, co-solvents, and surfactants. S-SMEDDS are physically stable, easy to manufacture, easy to fill in gelatin capsules as well as improves the drug bioavailability by releasing the drug in the emulsion form to the gastrointestinal tract and make smooth absorption of the drug through the intestinal lymphatic pathway. Methods: We took on the various literature search related to our review, including the peer-reviewed research, and provided a conceptual framework to that. Standard tools are used for making the figures of the paper, and various search engines are used for the literature exploration.In this review article the author discussed the importance of S-SMEDDS, selection criteria for excipients, pseudo-ternary diagram, mechanism of action of S-SMEDDS, solidification techniques used for S-SMEDDS, Characterization of SEDDS and S-SMEDDS including Stability Evaluation of both and future prospect concluded through recent findings on S-SMEDDS on Cancer as well as a neoteric patent on S-SMEDDS Results: Many research papers discussed in this review article, from which it was found that the ternary phase diagram is the most crucial part of developing the SMEDDS. From the various research findings, it was found that the excipient selection is the essential step which decides the strong therapeutic effect of the formulation. The significant outcome related to solid-SMEDDS is less the globule size, higher would be the bioavailability. The adsorption of a solid carrier method is the most widely used method for the preparation of solid-SMEDDS. After review of many patents, it is observed that the solid-SMEDDS have a strong potential for targeting and treatment of a different type of Cancer due to their property to enhance permeation and increased bioavailability. Conclusion: S-SMEEDS are more acceptable pharmaceutically as compare to SEDDS due to various advantages over SEDDS viz stability issue is prevalent with SEDDS. A number of researchers had formulated S-SMEDDS of poorly soluble drugs and founded S-SMEDDS as prospective for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs for the treatment of Cancer. S-SMEEDS are grabbing attention, and the patentability on S-SMEDDS is unavoidable, these prove that S-SMEEDS are widely accepted carriers. These are used universally for the delivery of the hydrophilic drugs and anticancer drugs as it releases the drug to the gastrointestinal tract and enhances the systemic absorption. Abstract: Majority of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) shows poor aqueous solubility, due to that drug delivery of the API to the systemic circulation becomes difficult as it has low bioavailability. The bioavailability of the hydrophobic drugs can be improved by the Self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) but due to its various limitations, solid self-micro emulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SMEDDS) are used due to its advantages over SEDDS. S-SMEDDS plays a vital role in improving the low bioavailability of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Hydrophobic drugs can be easily loaded in these systems and release the drug to the gastrointestinal tract in the form of fine emulsion results to In-situ solubilisation of the drug. In this review article the author's gives an overview of the solid SMEDSS along with the solidification techniques and an update on recent research and patents filled for Solid SMEDDS.

scholarly journals A REVIEW: FILM FORMING GEL NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapnil S. Bornare ◽  
Smita S. Aher ◽  
Ravindranath B. Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Skin Irritation ◽  
Rheological Behaviour ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Transdermal Drug Delivery System ◽  
Patient Acceptability ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Film Forming

Film forming gels are a novel approach in this area that might present an alternative to the conventional dosage forms used on the skin, such as ointments, creams, gels or patches. The polymeric solution is applied to the skin as a liquid and forms an almost invisible film in situ by solvent evaporation. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and dermal drug delivery system can provide some desirable performances over conventional pharmaceutical dosage formulations, such as avoiding gut and hepatic first-pass metabolism, improving drug bioavailability, reducing dose frequency and stabilizing drug delivery profiles. The aim of this review was to search for alternatives to the conventional forms in order to reduce skin irritation, improve skin adhesion properties, enhance the drug release and increase the patient acceptability from an aesthetic perspective. Because of their peculiar rheological behaviour, polymeric gels are beneficial in terms of ease of preparation, ease of application, adhesion to the application surface and ability to deliver a wide variety of drugs.

Floating Microsphere of Curcumin as Targeted Gastro-retentive Drug Delivery System

2021 ◽  
pp. 5202-5206
Author(s):  
Anupam K Sachan ◽  
Saurabh Singh ◽  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
Pratibha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
Gastric Residence Time

Microspheres carrier system made from natural or synthetic polymers used in sustained release drug delivery system. The present study involves formulation and evaluation of floating microspheres of Curcumin for improving the drug bioavailability by prolongation gastric residence time. Curcumin, natural hypoglycemic agent is a lipophilic drug, absorbed poorly from the stomach, quickly eliminated and having short half-life so suitable to formulate floating drug delivery system for sustained release. Floating microspheres of curcumin were formulated by solvent evaporation technique using ethanol and dichloromethane (1:1) as organic solvent and incorporating various synthetic polymers as coating polymer, sustain release polymers and floating agent. The final formulation were evaluated various parameters such as compatibility studies, micrometric properties, In-vitro drug release and % buoyancy. FTIR studies showed that there were no interaction between drug and excipients. The surface morphology studies by SEM confirmed their spherical and smooth surface. The mean particles size were found to be 416-618µm, practical yield of microspheres was in the range of 60.21±0.052% - 80.87±0.043%, drug entrapment efficiency 47.4±0.065% - 77.9±0.036% and % buoyancy 62,24±0.161% - 88.63±0.413%. Result show that entraptmency increased as polymer (Eudragit RS100) conc. Increased. The drug release after 12 hrs. was 72.13% - 87.13% and it decrease as a polymer (HPMC, EC) concentration was decrease.

scholarly journals PORPHYSOMES-A PARADIGM SHIFT IN TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Right ◽  
Aqueous Core

A novel drug delivery system is the one that ensures optimum dose at the right time, at the right location. Porphysomes are among those drug delivery systems. Porphysomes are a means of vesicular drug delivery systems. They are liposome-like structures composed completely of porphyrin lipid. The porphysomes encapsulates the active medicament in vesicular structure. They are having an aqueous core which can be loaded with the medicament. They have the capacity to destroy the disease tissues. They absorb the heat in the near infrared region and release this heat to destroy the diseased tissues. Porphysomes are having immense applications in the field of positron-electron therapy (PET), photoacoustic imaging, photothermal therapy etc. This review article discusses regarding the Porphysome-the drug delivery system, its advantages and disadvantages, composition, method of preparation, applications and various aspects related to the porphysomal drug delivery.

scholarly journals Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: A Brief Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 368-385
Author(s):  
Amol Giri ◽  
Aijaz Sheikh ◽  
P R Tathe ◽  
G R Sitaphale ◽  
K R Biyani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Bioavailability ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Novel Drug

In this present review this new approach of solid lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) is discussed in terms of their aims, advantages, and disadvantages, methods of preparation, characterization and special features. In the state of developments in the research and development of new drug delivery systems have been made in Last decade by resolving various disorders, such as Low Drug Bioavailability and unpredictable gastric emptying era. Most of the active pharmaceutical ingredients are under poor bioavailability and also their solubility. By using the nanotechnology to overcome this problems of novel drug delivery system. The main advantage of nanotechnology i.e. solid lipid Nanoparticles increases the bioavailability and elimination biological half-life of the drugs. Solid lipid Nanoparticles are spherical lipid particles ranging in size from 1 to 1000 nm and are dispersed in water or in aqueous surfactant solution.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON FLOATING TABLET

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Chanchal . ◽  
Saurav Kumar ◽  
Satinder Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Oral Drug Delivery ◽  
Oral Drug ◽  
Gastric Emptying Rate ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Gastric Contents ◽  
Floating Tablet ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Pharmaceutical industries have received much interest in pharmaceutical research in the area of oral drug delivery more over on Gastro retentive drug delivery system that is Floating Drug Delivery System (FDDS).The objective of this study to review on FDDS focusing on its current advancement and its future. Floating systems are low density systems that have sufficiently buoyancy to flow over the gastric contents and remain buoyant in the stomach without affecting the gastric emptying rate for a prolonged period of time. Floating dosage forms can be prepared as tablets, capsule by adding suitable ingredients with excipients like hydrocolloids, inert fatty materials and buoyancy increasing agents. Various categories of drugs like antacids, antidiabetic, antifungal and anticancer drugs are formulated into FDDS. FDDS have bulk density less than gastric fluids that have sufficient buoyancy to float over the gastric contents and remain in the stomach for longer duration of time. This review article is in pursuit of giving detailed information on the pharmaceutical basis of their design, classification, advantages and disadvantages, factors affecting gastric residence time of FDDS, applications, and formulation of floating tablet.

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