scholarly journals Cooper’s 12 min run test: Its validity in Indian swimmers and volleyball players

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Amit Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Expired Gas Analysis ◽  
Run Test

Objectives: VO2max is globally considered as the gold standard to evaluate the cardiorespiratory fitness that is an essential component to judge one’s aerobic fitness level. The present study was aimed to enumerate the validity for application of Cooper’s 12 min run test (CRT) in predicting VO2max among Indian swimmers and volleyball players. Materials and Methods: Swimmers (male = 66, female = 70) and volleyball players (male = 88, female = 81) were recruited by simple random sampling from reputed clubs of Kolkata. They were segregated into study and confirmatory groups. VO2max was determined by graded incremental cycle ergometer test followed by expired gas analysis and indirect CRT method. Results: Predicted VO2max (PVO2max) showed significant difference with the directly measured VO2max (VO2max) in study groups of both sports. Limits of agreement between PVO2max and VO2max proved inapplicability of current CRT protocol in studied populations. Modified population specific equations were computed from significant correlation of VO2max with distance covered in Cooper run test. Application of these norms in confirmatory groups revealed insignificant difference between PVO2max and VO2max in both genders. Conclusion: Modified equations are validated for application of CRT in evaluating VO2max in swimmers and volleyball players of both genders of Kolkata, India.

scholarly journals Modification of Cooper’s 12-min Run Test to Predict Maximum Oxygen Uptake in Indian Cricketers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Amit Bandyopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Female Cricket ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Run Test

Cooper’s 12-minute run test (CRT) for prediction of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) has not yet been explored in Indian sportspersons. Present investigation was conducted to evaluate the applicability of CRT in Indian cricketers. 75 male and 45 female cricket players were randomly recruited from reputed cricket academies of Kolkata, India and were randomly assigned into the study group (male = 45, female = 25) and confirmatory group (male = 30, female = 20). Incremental cycle ergometer exercise was used for direct estimation of VO2max by expired gas analysis and the indirect prediction of VO2max (PVO2max) was performed by CRT method. The current protocol of CRT was found to be inapplicable in both the genders of Cricketers due to a significant difference between PVO2max and VO2max and a large limit of agreement between PVO2max and VO2max in the study groups. A significant correlation (r = 0.76 in males and r = 0.79 in females, p<0.001) was depicted between VO2max and distance covered in CRT. Regression equations were computed based on the significant correlation. The application of these equations in the confirmatory groups revealed an insignificant difference between PVO2max and VO2max and narrow limits of agreement. Standard errors of the estimate of the regression norms were also minimal. Therefore, modified equations are recommended for CRT application for valid and precise evaluation of cardiorespiratory fitness in terms of VO2max in male and female Indian cricketers.

Validation of Several Methods of Estimating Maximal Oxygen Uptake in Young Men

1998 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars McNaughton ◽  
Phil Hall ◽  
Dean Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Accurate Predictor ◽  
Post Hoc Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Treadmill Protocol ◽  
Shuttle Run

The purpose of this study was to identify the most accurate predictor of VO2max from a variety of running tests. 32 young adult male undergraduates of (mean ± SE) age 20.14 ± 0.34 yr., height 179.4 ± 1.8 cm, weight 73.7±2.8 kg, and VO2max 57.89 ± 1.1 ml · kg−1 · min.−1 were randomly tested on four different predictive VO2max running tests to assess their actual VO2max, based on a continuous, progressive treadmill protocol and obtained via gas analysis. The four tests consisted of a treadmill jogging test, 1.5 mile run, Cooper's 12-min. run, and the 20-m progressive shuttle-run test. An analysis of variance applied to means indicated significance. Post hoc analysis between the means with correction by Scheffé showed significant difference between the predictive submaximal treadmill jogging test and the 12-min. run but no other difieren .es. The strength of the relationship between predictive tests and VO2max varied, wit1 the 12-min run having the highest correlation of .87, followed by the 1.5 mile rur .87, 20-m progressive shuttle run .82, and the treadmill jogging test .50. The 12-min. run had the highest correlation of all tests with VO2max in young men, with active to trained levels of fitness. The 1.5 mile and 20-m shuttle run also provided accurate predictions of VO2max and so should be used for an accurate prediction of young men's VO2max.

Imagery as a Method of Enhancing Transfer From Trailing to Performance

1990 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine H. Van Gym ◽  
Howard A. Wenger ◽  
Catherine A. Gaul
Keyword(s):  
Peak Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Imagery Training ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ergometer Test ◽  
And Control

This study investigated the effect of engaging in imagery in conjunction with nonspecific training on the transfer of the training to performance. Forty subjects were pretested on a Wingate cycle ergometer test for peak power and a 40-m sprint. Subjects were assigned to one of four groups: imagery training (IT), power training (PT), imagery and power training (DPT), and control (C). Following a 6-week training period, all subjects were retested. Although a MANOVA revealed no significant difference between groups on any variable, the groups-by-time interaction was significant. Therefore an analysis of difference scores on both tests was performed. This analysis revealed that although both the IPT and the PT group significantly improved in peak power, only the IPT group improved significantly on the sprint. The results indicate that imagery coupled with nonspecific training contributes to the enhancement of subsequent performance significantly better than does nonspecific training alone.

scholarly journals Comparison between parameters from maximal cycle ergometer test first without respiratory gas analysis and thereafter with respiratory gas analysis among healthy prepubertal children

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 624-630
Author(s):  
Tuomo T. Tompuri ◽  
Niina Lintu ◽  
Sonja Soininen ◽  
Tomi Laitinen ◽  
Timo Antero Lakka
Keyword(s):  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Bland Altman Method ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Maximal Cycle

It is important to distinguish true and clinically relevant changes and methodological noise from measure to measure. In the clinical practice, maximal cycle ergometer tests are typically performed first without respiratory gas analysis and thereafter, if needed, with respiratory gas analysis. Therefore, we report a comparison of parameters from maximal cycle ergometer exercise tests that were done first without respiratory gas analysis and thereafter with it in 38 prepubertal and healthy children (20 girls, 18 boys). The Bland–Altman method was used to assess agreement in maximal workload (WMAX), heart rate (HR), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) between rest and maximum. Girls achieved higher WMAX in the exercise tests with respiratory gas analysis compared with exercise tests without respiratory gas analysis (p = 0.016), whereas WMAX was similar in the tests among boys. Maximal HR (proportional offset, –1%; coefficients of variation, 3.3%) and highest SBP (proportional offset, 3%; coefficients of variation, 10.6%) were similar in the tests among children. Precision and agreement for HR improved and precision for SBP worsened with increasing exercise intensity. Heteroscedasticity was not observed for WMAX, HR, or SBP. We conclude that maximal cycle ergometer tests without and with respiratory gas analysis can be used consecutively because measurement of respiratory gases did not impair performance or have a significant effect on the maximality of the exercise tests. Our results suggest that similar references can be used for children who accept or refuse using a mask during a maximal exercise test.

Influence of physical fitness on antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde level in healthy older adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 582-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Amine Bouzid ◽  
Omar Hammouda ◽  
Régis Matran ◽  
Sophie Robin ◽  
Claudine Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Healthy Older Adults ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Level Group

The aim of this study was to investigate how physical fitness level could affect antioxidant activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level at rest and in response to exhaustive exercise in healthy older adults. Fifty older adults (average age: 66.1 ± 3.8 years) were divided according to their physical fitness level into an unfit group (UG) (n = 15), a low fitness level group (LFG) (n = 18), and a high fitness level group (HFG) (n = 17). Fitness status was classified based on answers to a questionnaire about physical activity in the previous 12 months. Before and after an incremental cycle ergometer test to exhaustion, the following markers were assessed: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and MDA. At rest, SOD, GPX, and α-tocopherol activities were higher in the HFG (p < 0.05), whereas MDA level was lower in the LFG in comparison with the 2 other groups (p < 0.05). During the postexercise period, antioxidant activity increased only in the LFG and the HFG (GPX, SOD, and α-tocopherol). MDA level increased in all groups after the exercise (p < 0.05). In addition, MDA level was higher during the recovery period in the HFG as compared with the others groups. This study concluded that both low and high physical fitness levels help maintain better antioxidant defenses in older adults. However, a higher physical fitness level, rather than a lower physical fitness level, could increase lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals Home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises: new fitness assessment and intervention in teaching physical education

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Marino A. Garcia ◽  
Emerito R. Custodio
Keyword(s):  
Physical Education ◽  
University Students ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
The University

Background and Study Aim. The COVID – 19 pandemic has post threats on the physical and mental fitness of the people. Thus, the study determined the effectiveness of home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises to the fitness level of the university students in physical education. Material and Methods. University students were the participants of the study. 200 student populations who were taking physical education subject in the year 2020 were considered. Quasi – experimental research design was employed and 96 participants between the age bracket of 18 - 26 (74 females & 22 males) were chosen using simple random sampling in determining the population size of the study. SPSS program was used in the analysis in the obtained data. Results. The result shown that there is a significant difference between the pre – test and post – test results in the fitness level of the participants in body mass index (T= -3.482, p < .001), cardiovascular endurance (T= -4.193, p < .000), flexibility (T= -6.279, p <.000), muscular endurance (T= -9.553, p <.000), and muscular strength (T= -7.569, p < .000) performing the home quarantine-based rhythmic exercises. Conclusion. Further, it is concluded that engaging in two (2) months home quarantine – based rhythmic exercises from 30 minutes to 1 hour with moderate to vigorous intensity augment the physical fitness level of an individual. Moreover, it is recommended to put vision accounts in strengthening the inclusion of home quarantine - based rhythmic exercises in teaching physical education either in synchronous and asynchronous in teaching – learning process.

Simple Indicators of Physical Working Capacity

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hassmén
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Physical Working Capacity ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Time Correlations ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Ergometer Test

Traditional methods used to estimate an individual's physical working capacity have at least one disadvantage in common, namely, the demand for expensive equipment such as cycle ergometers or treadmills. Consequently, the search for suitable tests performed in the field has been extensive. Most field tests do, however, require a maximal performance from the subject. The present investigation compared two special field rests, walking and running, both of a submaximal character, with (a) a treadmill run test and (b) a standardized cycle ergometer test. The comparisons were made to judge whether these field tests have the potential to replace or complement laboratory tests in certain situations, for example, when the purpose is to monitor training progress over time. Correlations were generally high and statistically significant within as well as between tests. Higher values were observed between field running and the laboratory tests than with field walking. This was true especially for the higher reference levels. Despite this, field walking may still be the best alternative for elderly persons or subjects recovering from injury, since the results indicate that walking, when performed intensely enough, gives a fairly good estimate of an individual's physical working capacity.

scholarly journals The effect of glycerol supplements on aerobic and anaerobic performance of athletes and sedentary subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Patlar ◽  
Hasan Yalçin ◽  
Ekrem Boyali
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Anaerobic Performance ◽  
The Third ◽  
Run Test ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Sedentary Subjects ◽  
Shuttle Run

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of glycerol supplementation on aerobic and anaerobicexercise performance in sedentary subjects and athletes. The glycerol supplement treatments were as follows: 40volunteers were selected and divided into two groups, sedentary and exercise groups. These two groups were furthersubdivided into two groups. The first group, the placebo (S), only consumed water; the second group (GS) consumedglycerol followed by water. Neither of these groups did any exercise for 20 days. The third and fourth groups consistedof the exercise group subjects; they were required to perform a 20-m shuttle run test every day for 20 days. The thirdgroup’s subjects, the placebo (E), only consumed water. The last group (GE) consumed glycerol followed by water. TheAstrand Cycle Ergometer Test (ACET) was performed, and the Cosmed K4b2 portable gas analysis system was used todetermine the aerobic capacity, while the Wingate Anaerobic Power Test (WAPT) was performed to determine the levelof anaerobic power. The 20 Meter Shuttle Run Test (20MSRT) was performed after glycerol supplementationthroughout the 20 days, and the exercise periods and distances were recorded.The glycerol supplement was found to have an increasing effect on aerobic and anaerobic performance in GS, Eand GE. A similar effect was found for the covered distances and time in the same groups. However, an adverse effectwas found on body weight.

Evaluation of Nasal Volume by Acoustic Rhinometry before and after Physical Exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marconi T. Fonseca ◽  
Richard L. Voegels ◽  
Kelerson M. C. Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Acoustic Rhinometry ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Maximal Load ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
Ergometer Test

Background The nasal structures generate airflow resistance that can reach ∼50% of the total respiratory resistance. There are a series of factors that can alter the volume of these structures, among them physical exercise. The objective of this study was to determine the degree of changes in nasal volume at different levels of physical exercise, evaluating the influence of exercise intensity and duration, as well as the duration of the effect of exercise on the nasal mucosa. Methods Nineteen individuals were submitted to three distinct physical tests on a cycle ergometer: test 1, exercising for 5 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 50% the maximal load; test 2, exercising for 10 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 50% the maximal load; and test 3, exercising for 5 minutes on a cycle ergometer at 75% the maximal load. In each test, nasal volume was measured by acoustic rhinometry immediately after the end of exercise and 10 and 20 minutes thereafter. Results The rhinometry results showed a significant increase (p < 0.001) in nasal volume after physical exercise for all tests performed. At 20 minutes, nasal volume had returned close to resting levels in all three tests. Comparison of the degree of improvement of nasal volume between the three physical tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between T1 and T2 (T2 presented gain of 8.3% more in nasal volume than T1). Test 3 showed no significant difference (p > 0.05) compared with the other two tests, with 5.8% higher gain in nasal volume observed compared with T1, while the increase was 2.5% lower than in T2. Conclusion Physical exercise in general causes a significant increase in nasal volume, with the duration of exercise exerting a greater effect on the degree of improvement than intensity.

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