Influence of dietary energy intake on prepubertal development of Brahman bulls3

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Nolan ◽  
D. A. Neuendorff ◽  
R. W. Godfrey ◽  
P. G. Harms ◽  
T. H. Welsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Scrotal Circumference

Abstract Twelve Brahman bulls (paired by sire, weight and age) were assigned randomly and limit fed to gain either .10 to .25 (moderate gain; MG) or .75 to 1.0 (high gain: HG) kg·hd−1·d−1 to examine the effect of dietary energy on onset of puberty. Hip height (HH), scrotal circumference (SC) and serum samples (20 min for 6 h) were obtained at four times (AGE): 0, 56 and 112 d on feed and after appearance of first motile spermatozoa (FS) in the ejaculate of HG bull of the pair. At FS both bulls of a pair were slaughtered, reproductive tissues were collected and in vitro GnRH release from the median eminence (ME) was measured. Increases in BW, HH and SC were greater (P < .05) in HG bulls. Basal ME GnRH secretion was greater (P < .05) in HG bulls. Serum LH concentrations were unchanged by energy level (P > .10) but increased (P < .01) with increasing AGE. AGE and energy level increased (P < .01) basal, mean and total serum testosterone (T) and these two factors acted synergistically (P < .01). Height and amplitude of T pulses were increased by energy level (P < .003) and AGE (P < .002). Testicular T (P < .08) and development (P < .05) were increased in HG bulls. Growth hormone peak height and amplitude concentrations following feeding increased with AGE (P < .06) but were not altered (P > .10) by energy level. Serum triglycerides (P < .03) and BUN (P < .003) increased with increasing AGE (P > .01). These data indicate that dietary energy level influences onset of puberty most directly at the testicular level.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary energy level on reproductive characteristics in male African giant rat Cricetomys gambianus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 468
Author(s):  
Astride Martine Megnimeza Tsambou ◽  
Augustave Kenfack ◽  
Bertin N. Vemo ◽  
Séverin Fonkem ◽  
Lavoisier Tadiesse Fonou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Reproductive Characteristics ◽  
Cricetomys Gambianus ◽  
African Giant Rat

Background: The study was conducted to assess the effects of the digestible dietary energy level on some reproductive characteristics in African giant rat.Methods: Sixteen young males were randomly distributed into 4 groups of 4 animals each. To each group was attributed randomly one of the 4 dietary energy levels (3600 Kcal/kg, 3800 Kcal/kg, 4000 Kcal/kg or 4200 Kcal/kg). The daily distribution of experimental diets last six months, ie ended when cricetoma were 8 months old. At the end of that period, all animals were sacrificed.Results: Results showed an increase in testes weight with the augmentation of dietary digestible energy level (0.79±0.13, 0.88±0.17, 1.02±0.28 and 1.02±0.16 respectively for 3600 Kcal/kg, 3800 Kcal/kg, 4000 Kcal/kg and 4200 Kcal/kg). The serum testosterone level, the sperm mobility (76.67, 62, 63 and 57%) and count per cauda epididymis (18.25±3.75, 16.38±4.19, 10.83±2.02 and 10.13±2.9) and per gram cauda epididymis (39.09±11.82, 27.01±4.23, 15.41±3.31 and 17.40±7.28) significantly (p<0.05) decreased with the increasing level of digestible energy in the feed.Conclusions: The dietary digestible energy level that gave the higher reproductive performances in male African giant rat was 3600 Kcal/kg DM.

Serum Tryptase Levels in Acute Leukemia at Diagnosis: Correlation with CBF AML.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 4510-4510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Cairoli ◽  
Carla B. Ripamonti ◽  
Simonetta Granata ◽  
Daniele Folli ◽  
Paola Brasca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Tryptase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Tryptase Level ◽  
Median Serum

Abstract Α and β tryptase genes cluster on the short arm of human chromosome 16 and encode lineage-associated serine proteases that are abundantly expressed in mast cells and, in trace amounts, in basophils. Under physiologic conditions no other myeloid cells express tryptases. However, in several myeloid leukemia cell lines and in AML blasts, the level of tryptase is elevated. In vitro, AML blasts are capable to produce and release the α-protryptase constitutively. Recently, elevated levels of serum tryptase have been detected in certain FAB subtypes of AML, particularly in AML-M4eo. In an attempt at correlating the levels of tryptase with FAB classification and cytogenetics, we have analyzed serum samples collected at diagnosis, from 103 AML and 57 ALL patients referred to our Institution. The total serum concentration was determined by UniCAP 100 and UniCAP Tryptase Fluorenzyme Immunoassay Kit (Pharmacia-Upjohn, Uppsala, Sweden). The median value of tryptase level in the control group (50 healthy people; mean age 35 y, range 20–50; M/F= 26/24) amounted to less than 5 ng/ml. We found elevated tryptase levels (more than 15 ng/ml) in 46 out of 103 AML-patients (44.6%) and in 1 out of 57 ALL-patients (1.75%) (p = <0.0001). In AML, the patients showing elevated tryptase levels resulted equally distributed among the FAB subtypes (M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M4Eo, M5) (p = 0.269). In the group of 18 AML with t(8;21) or inv(16), we recorded the highest frequency (89%) of cases with tryptase more than 15 ng/ml (p =< 0.001) and the highest median serum tryptase levels (>89.3 ng/ml) (p = 0.0001), in comparison with other cytogenetic groups (diploid, n= 43; t(15;17), n=10; other, n=29). Our data suggest that elevated serum tryptase levels at diagnosis may play a role as a marker for CBF AML subtypes.

scholarly journals Natural Infection of Dairy Cows with Bovine Leukemia Virus Affects Immunoglobulin Levels in Saliva and Serum but Not Milk

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Monika Dziuba ◽  
Vickie J. Ruggiero ◽  
Catherine Wilson ◽  
Paul C. Bartlett ◽  
Paul M. Coussens
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Retroviral Infection ◽  
Serum Iga ◽  
The Impact

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a retroviral infection that disrupts the immune function of infected animals. It is widespread among U.S. dairy cattle. In this pilot study, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations in milk, saliva, and serum samples from BLV ELISA-positive (ELISA+) dairy cows were compared against samples from BLV ELISA-negative (ELISA−) cows using the Kruskal–Wallis test (with ties). The results from ELISA+ cows were also stratified by lymphocyte count (LC) and proviral load (PVL). In milk and saliva from ELISA+ cows, the average total IgA and IgM concentrations were decreased compared to ELISA− cows, although this was only statistically significant for saliva IgM in cows with low PVL (p = 0.0424). Numerically, the average total IgA concentrations were 33.6% lower in milk and 23.7% lower in saliva, and the average total IgM concentrations were 42.4% lower in milk and 15.5% lower in saliva. No significant differences were observed in the total serum IgA concentrations, regardless of PVL and LC. The total serum IgM from ELISA+ cows was significantly decreased (p = 0.0223), with the largest decreases occurring in the highest PVL and LC subgroups. This pilot study is a first step in investigating the impact of BLV on mucosal immunity and will require further exploration in each of the various stages of disease progression.

scholarly journals IL-6 Receptor Blockade Increases Circulating Adiponectin Levels in People with Obesity: An Explanatory Analysis

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Stephan Wueest ◽  
Eleonora Seelig ◽  
Katharina Timper ◽  
Mark P. Lyngbaek ◽  
Kristian Karstoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Clinical Trial ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Human

Human obesity is associated with decreased circulating adiponectin and elevated leptin levels. In vitro experiments and studies in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice suggest that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may regulate adiponectin and leptin release from white adipose tissue (WAT). Herein, we aimed to investigate whether IL-6 receptor blockade affects the levels of circulating adiponectin and leptin in obese human individuals. To this end, serum samples collected during a multicenter, double-blind clinical trial were analyzed. In the latter study, obese human subjects with or without type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to recurrent placebo or intravenous tocilizumab (an IL-6 receptor antibody) administration during a 12-week exercise training intervention. Twelve weeks of tocilizumab administration (in combination with exercise training) trend wise enhanced the decrease in circulating leptin levels (−2.7 ± 8.2% in the placebo vs. −20.6 ± 5.6% in tocilizumab, p = 0.08) and significantly enhanced the increase in circulating adiponectin (3.4 ± 3.7% in the placebo vs. 27.0 ± 6.6% in tocilizumab, p = 0.01). In addition, circulating adiponectin levels were negatively correlated with the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), indicating that increased adiponectin levels positively affect insulin sensitivity in people with obesity. In conclusion, IL-6 receptor blockade increases circulating adiponectin levels in people with obesity.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM among Adults over 65 Years Old in the South of Italy

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 483
Author(s):  
Immacolata Polvere ◽  
Alfredina Parrella ◽  
Giovanna Casamassa ◽  
Silvia D’Andrea ◽  
Annamaria Tizzano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Elisa Assay ◽  
The South ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Rna Detection ◽  
In Vitro Diagnostic

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic betacoronavirus associated with worldwide transmission of COVID-19 disease. By the beginning of March, WHO reported about 113,820,000 confirmed cases including more than 2,527,000 deaths all over the world. However, the true extent of virus circulation or its real infection/fatality ratio is not well-estimated due to the huge portion of asymptomatic infections. In this observational study, we have estimated the prevalence of specific immunoglobulin M and G directed towards SARS-CoV-2 antigen in a cohort of 1383 adult volunteers aged over 65 years old, living in the district of Benevento, in the South of Italy. Serological screening was carried out on capillary blood in September 2020, seven months after pandemic outbreak in Italy, to evaluate virus circulation and antibody response among elderly adults, in which severe symptoms due to viral infection are more common. The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 4.70% (CI 3.70%–5.95%) with no statistically significant differences between sexes. Among these, 69.69% (CI 55.61%–77.80%) tested positive to IgM, 23.08% (CI 14.51%–34.64%) to IgG and 9.23% (CI 4.30%–18.71%) was positive for both. All patients that were positive to IgM underwent molecular testing through RT-qPCR on oral-rhino pharyngeal swabs and only one specimen was positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. Instead, the presence of IgG from screened volunteers was confirmed by re-testing serum samples using both an ELISA assay validated for in vitro diagnostic use (IVD) and a recently published synthetic peptide-based ELISA assay. In conclusion, our report suggests that (1) early restrictions were successful in limiting COVID-19 diffusion in the district of Benevento; (2) rapid serological analysis is an ideal testing for both determining real seroprevalence and massive screening, whereas detection of viral RNA remains a gold standard for identification of infected patients; (3) even among people without COVID-19 related symptoms, the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 antigens has individual features.

Angiogenic Effect of Pravastatin Alone and with Sera from Healthy and Complicated Pregnancies Studied by in vitro Vasculogenesis/Angiogenesis Assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Anita Virtanen ◽  
Outi Huttala ◽  
Kati Tihtonen ◽  
Tarja Toimela ◽  
Tuula Heinonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Therapeutic Concentration ◽  
Tubule Formation ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Angiogenesis Assay

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To determine the direct effect of pravastatin on angiogenesis and to study the interaction between pravastatin and maternal sera from women with early- or late-onset pre-eclampsia (PE), intrauterine growth restriction, or healthy pregnancy. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We collected 5 maternal serum samples from each group. The effect of pravastatin on angiogenesis was assessed with and without maternal sera by quantifying tubule formation in a human-based in vitro assay. Pravastatin was added at 20, 1,000, and 8,000 ng/mL concentrations. Concentrations of angiogenic and inflammatory biomarkers in serum and in test medium after supplementation of serum alone and with pravastatin (1,000 ng/mL) were measured. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Therapeutic concentration of pravastatin (20 ng/mL) did not have significant direct effect on angiogenesis, but the highest concentrations inhibited angiogenesis. Pravastatin did not change the levels of biomarkers in the test media. There were no changes in angiogenesis when therapeutic dose of pravastatin was added with maternal sera, but there was a trend to wide individual variation towards enhanced angiogenesis, particularly in the early-onset PE group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> At therapeutic concentration, pravastatin alone or with maternal sera has no significant effect on angiogenesis, but at high concentrations the effect seems to be anti-angiogenic estimated by in vitro assay.

scholarly journals Stamina-Enhancing Effects of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 096368972110354
Author(s):  
Eun-Jung Yoon ◽  
Hye Rim Seong ◽  
Jangbeen Kyung ◽  
Dajeong Kim ◽  
Sangryong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Serum Triglycerides

Stamina-enhancing effects of human adipose derived stem cells (hADSCs) were investigated in young Sprague-Dawley rats. Ten-day-old male rats were transplanted intravenously (IV) or intracerebroventricularly (ICV) with hADSCs (1 × 106 cells/rat), and physical activity was measured by locomotor activity and rota-rod performance at post-natal day (PND) 14, 20, 30, and 40, as well as a forced swimming test at PND 41. hADSCs injection increased the moving time in locomotor activity, the latency in rota-rod performance, and the maximum swimming time. For the improvement of physical activity, ICV transplantation was superior to IV injection. In biochemical analyses, ICV transplantation of hADSCs markedly reduced serum creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase, and muscular lipid peroxidation, the markers for muscular and hepatic injuries, despite the reduction in muscular glycogen and serum triglycerides as energy sources. Notably, hADSCs secreted brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor in vitro, and increased the level of BDNF in the brain and muscles in vivo. The results indicate that hADSCs enhance physical activity including stamina not only by attenuating tissue injury, but also by strengthening the muscles via production of BDNF.

scholarly journals 10. Kinetics of Post-Vaccination Seroprotection to S. Pneumonia for the Immune-Compromised and Vaccine-Naïve Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S27-S28
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Gruenglas ◽  
James Mond ◽  
Micaela Scobie ◽  
Cynthia Tolman ◽  
Joseph Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Capsular Polysaccharide ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Antibody Activity ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Opsonic Activity ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background S. pneumonia infection presents a significant challenge, accounting for 20–38% of hospital-acquired pneumonia, and the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia despite availability of effective vaccines. Incidence is highest in children under 2 years, the immunocompromised, and elderly. CDC has reported the emergence of antibiotic resistance in ~30% of cases, adding to risk of morbidity and mortality. Fewer than half of the elderly are vaccinated and vulnerable to infection on admission. Passive immunotherapy as an adjunct to vaccines may improve outcomes in such populations. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether seroprotective response induced with a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine could rapidly yield protective opsonic levels of antibody within anticipated duration of hospitalization. Methods Healthy donors (n=30) were immunized with Prevnar. Blood was drawn on days 0, 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28. Samples were pooled and tested for presence of functional opsonic antibodies recognizing capsular polysaccharides. Clearance mechanism of S. pneumonia was based on antibody recognition to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide and opsonic titers used as an in vitro surrogate to evaluate the efficacy of vaccine. Results There was little to no opsonic activity against most serotypes on day 0, except for low antibody activity with serotypes 1, 3, 4, and 5. Titers increased, with protective levels achieved by day 10 for most serotypes (except 14 and 18C), peaking at day 14 or after across serotypes (Figures 1 and 2). Average titers rose from log2 titer 2 on day 0 to log2 titer 8 on days 21 and 28. Titers against most serotypes reached log2 10 (titer 1024) or higher. Patients remained susceptible to nosocomial infection for at least 10 days post admission until protective titers are reached. OPK titers (log2 scale) for serum samples on day 0 (pre), day 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and control for S. pneumoniae serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V. N=2. OPK titers (log2 scale) for serum samples on day 0 (pre), day 3, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and control for S. pneumoniae serotypes 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F. N=2. Conclusion Patients with no prior history of vaccination (or inability to mount response) with Prevnar or pneumovax remain vulnerable to S. pneumonia infection even if vaccinated on entry, due to delayed kinetics in reaching protective titers. These patients may require prophylactic intervention of hyperimmune Ig with high opsonic titers to S. pneumonia, providing protection until vaccine response elicits protective antibodies. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Effect of precalving and postcalving dietary energy level on performance and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy cows throughout lactation

2011 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 808-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Law ◽  
F.J. Young ◽  
D.C. Patterson ◽  
D.J. Kilpatrick ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Level ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Blood Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations
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