scholarly journals Condition and promising directions of tomato selection for open ground of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
В.В. Огнев ◽  
Т.В. Чернова ◽  
А.Н. Костенко ◽  
И.В. Барбарицкая
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

Несовершенство используемого сортимента – серьезная проблема при выращивании томата в открытом грунте, в том числе и на юге России. Возделывают как старые малоурожайные сорта, так и импортные с низкой адаптивностью. Необходим переход на современные технологии возделывания, позволяющие более полно проявить продуктивный потенциал новых сортов и гибридов томата. Цель исследований: оценка современного состояния и определение перспектив селекции томата для условий открытого грунта юга России. Исследования проводили в открытом грунте ССЦ «Ростовский» компании «Поиск», расположенном в Октябрьском районе Ростовской области в 2016–2020 годах. Материалом для исследований служили сорта и гибриды томата отечественной и иностранной селекции, рекомендованные к использованию в Российской Федерации для возделывания в открытом грунте. Основными лимитирующими факторами в период выращивания томата в открытом грунте были высокие температуры, низкая относительная влажность воздуха и недостаточное естественное увлажнение. Почвы в опытах представлены черноземом обыкновенным с содержанием гумуса 3,6%, рН – 7,8. Рассаду томата выращивали в кассетах в разводочной необогреваемой теплице с забегом 30 дней. Растения высаживали по схеме 70×30 см. Срок высадки – 2–3 декада мая при прогреве почвы на глубине 10 см до 8–10 °C и отсутствии опасности заморозков. Технология возделывания включала капельное орошение и систему фертигации. Учеты и наблюдения за растениями вели по общепринятым методикам. В исследованиях установлена необходимость создания сортимента с высокой продуктивностью, лежкостью и транспортабельностью, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим факторам среды, с признаками пригодности для конкретных направлений использования. Особое значение имеет создание сортов и гибридов томата с высокими потребительскими качествами, а также раннеспелых. Наряду с созданием сортимента для промышленного производства есть потребность в создании эксклюзивных сортов и гибридов, спрос на которые имеет тенденцию к росту, в том числе в товарном секторе. The problem when growing tomatoes in the open ground is the imperfection of the assortment used, including South of Russia. Both old low-yielding varieties and imported ones with low adaptability are cultivated. It is necessary to switch to new cultivation technologies that allow us to more fully demonstrate the productive potential of new varieties and hybrids of tomato. The purpose of the research is to assess the current state and determine the prospects of tomato breeding for open ground conditions in Russia. The research was carried out in the open ground of the Rostovskiy breeding and seed production centre of Poisk Agrofirm, located in the Oktyabrsky district of the Rostov region in 2016–2020. The research materials were varieties and hybrids of tomato of domestic and foreign selection, recommended for use in the Russian Federation for cultivation in the open ground. The main limiting factors during the period of growing tomatoes in the open ground were high temperatures, low relative humidity and insufficient natural moisture. The soils in the experiments are represented by ordinary chernozem with a humus content of 3.6%, pH – 7.8. Tomato seedlings were grown in cassettes in a non-heated greenhouse with a run of 30 days. The plants were planted according to the scheme of 70×30 cm. The planting period is 2–3 decades of May when the soil is heated at a depth of 10 cm to 8–10 °C and there is no danger of frost. Cultivation technology with drip irrigation and fertigation system. Records and observations of plants were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The research has established the need to create a assortment with high productivity, shelf life and transportability, resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, with signs of suitability for specific areas of use. Of particular importance is the creation of tomato varieties and hybrids with high consumer qualities, as well as early-ripening ones. Along with the creation of assortment for industrial production, there is a need to create exclusive varieties and hybrids, the demand for which tends to grow, including in the commodity sector.

scholarly journals Khabarovsk Federal Research Center of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Far Eastern Research Institute (KhFRC FEB RAS FIARI)Features of tomato breeding in the Amur region. Results and perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
G. A. Kuzmitskaya ◽  
G. E. Shestopalova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Monsoon Climate ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
Selection Work

Relevance. Khabarovsk region is considered to be the zone of risky agriculture. It is characterized by the monsoon climate (july - september), having no analogies in Russia by univen distribution of precipitation, temperature drops and high natural infections background. That is why the search of tomato sorts, responsive to environmental changes, with increased or stable yield is highly relevant. The aim of our perennial researches in the creation of highly productive sorts and hybrids of tomato, most fully realizing natural and climatic conditions of cultivation, having higher stability to the most harmful diseases, stress environmental factors and high productive potential. The most significant limiting factors when growing tomatoes in the region are high natural infections background and sharply variable hydrothermal regime, formed under the influence of the Priamurye monsoon climate.Methods. The selection work had been made on vegetable plot of DV NIISH. The seedlings had been growing by cassette method into film greenhouse, which had been no had heating. Then the seedlings was planted out into open ground in accordance with bed technology recommended in the region by scheme 140 X 35 cm. The main method of selection work of new tomato sorts creation was analytical with continious selection. All the necessary phenological, biometrical and psychopathological observations and accounts had been done by generally accepted methodics.Results. The results in development of tomato selection in DV NIISH was the creation of sorts with different ripening time: early ripe – Zarya Vostokа and middle ripe – Amursky Utios and Dunyasha. They were included in the State registry of selection achievements in 2008 year. Sorts Klad and Galant passed successfully the state sort tests and were included in the state registry of selection achievements in 2017 and 2018 years. All these sorts are recommended for growing in garden plots, private plots and farms.

Promising varieties and forms of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
E. V. Aminova ◽  
A. A. Mushinskiy ◽  
E. M. Feshchenko
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties

The article presents the results of many years of work on the study of golden currant (Ribes aureum Pursh.) in the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The study was carried out on the experimental plot of Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture in the 2009-2019. The object of research was varieties Samocvet, Uralskaya and forms 1-7, 2-1, 2-9, 2-6, 3-2 of golden currant. The soil cover of the experimental site was represented by ordinary chernozem, the humus content in the arable layer was 2.7-3.0 %, the phosphorus content was 18.4 mg/kg, potassium – 358.6 mg/kg, nitrogen – 96.6 mg/kg. There was shown the development of the scientific foundations of crop breeding in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals, where the gene pool was first created, from which new varieties with a complex of economically valuable traits were developed, and promising forms were identified. As a result of the research, promising varieties and forms were distributed by maturation period into 2 groups: medium (Samotsvet, Uralskaya, 1-7, 2-1, 2-9) and late (2-6, 3-2). Adapted varieties (Samotsvet, Uralskaya) and forms (2-6, 2-1) were revealed, which are distinguished by high productivity from a bush (from 4.8 to 5.6 kg), number of berries in a cluster (from 4.6 to 6 pcs. ), berry weight (from 3.4 to 4.1 g). A brief economic and biological characteristics of selected forms and varieties are given.

Creation and evaluation of new varieties and populations of alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Meremyanina I. A. ◽  
◽  
V.V. Kenyz V.V.
Keyword(s):  
High Productivity ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Complex Hybrid ◽  
The Creation

The article is based on the creation and evaluation of new varieties and complex hybrid populations of alfalfa with economically valuable traits and properties.Varieties with high productivity of green mass and seeds have been created and studied.

scholarly journals The promising variety of European radish Ophelia grown in protected and open ground conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
M A Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Medium Size ◽  
Main Task ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

Abstract Among the existing variety of vegetables, table root crops are very popular both in the Russian Federation and abroad: carrots, beets, radishes, turnips and parsnips. These crops are sources of natural vitamins; due to low prices for marketable products and seeds, they have been cultivated in Russia. Among all vegetables, radish ranks first by the content of potassium, magnesium and calcium salts; it also contains iron and phosphorus. When growing new varieties and hybrids of radish suitable for the mechanized harvesting, one should pay attention to the strength of leaves, the erectness of leaf rosettes, the uniformity of immersion in the soil and the easy pull-out of root crops. The collection of root crops Raphanus sativus L. VIR is annually replenished with numerous samples of the latest selection, primarily from China, Japan, and the Netherlands, as well as samples collected in Central Asia and the Caucasus. The main task of greenhouse vegetable growing is year-round or off-season production of high-quality vegetables (daikon, radish and turnip). As a result of the research, a new variety of European summer radish Ophelia was created for growing in protected and open ground conditions. It is an early ripening variety: it takes 33-38 days from full germination to the beginning of economic ripeness. Leaf rosettes are of medium size, light green. The vegetable has white elliptical roots. The Base is rounded. The pulp is white and opaque

scholarly journals Risk Analysis and Management Strategies of Sugarcane Producer in Selecting Varieties: Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 06008
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zainuddin ◽  
Illia Seldon Magfiroh ◽  
Intan Kartika Setyawati ◽  
Rena Yunita Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Production Risk ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

The composition of sugar cane varieties which planted are not balanced especially in the nursery sector that caused the efficiency of the sugar industry on national scale low. This condition happens because there are risks faced by farmers in determining the varieties of sugarcane that will be planted. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk of production and strategies to overcome the risks due to the selection of sugar cane varieties. Samples used in the study were 30 people (12 sugarcane farmers, 6 managers, and assistant plant managers, and 12 people from APTR / KPTR. Data were analyzed using the method of Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Research Results indicate that the risks classified as very high categories that can be caused by the selection of certain sugar cane varieties are production risk, sugar quality risk and sugar price-output risk Risk management that can be applied to reduce the risk due to variety selection is to use superior varieties, the development of new varieties which has high productivity, increase cultivation technology by farmers, and unloads ratoon after 2 times harvesting.

scholarly journals Элементоорганические регуляторы роста нового поколения на чесноке

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Polyakov ◽  
S.V. Loginov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva ◽  
P.A. Storozhenko
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
New Generation

Целью исследования было определение эффективности применения элементоорганических регуляторов роста нового поколения при возделывании чеснока (Allium sativum L.). Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в период 20182019 годов. Почва опытного участка супесчаная, содержание гумуса в ней составляет 3,413,44. Реакция среды нейтральная рНKCl 6,7. Степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляет 22,7824,62 мг на 100 г почвы (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг на 100 г почвы (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2. В период вегетации растений использовали подкормки: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой в дозе 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой нитроаммофоской 30 г/м2, третью, через две недели после второй сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в целом были благоприятными для выращивания чеснока. Полив растений проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Материалом для исследования являлся чеснок озимый сорта Гладиатор. Схема опыта предполагала трехкратную обработку растений, полученных из воздушных луковичек, препаратами: Лостор в концентрации 0,10,10,1, Энергия М 0,010,010,01, Силиплант 0,30,20,3, Циркон 0,0250,010,01. Обработку растений, проводили путем опрыскивания в период вегетации. Обработку растений, полученных из зубков, препаратами: Боратран в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком в концентрации 0,015 Герматранол в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком в концентрации 0,015, Лостор в концентрации 0,01, растворенных в 1 растворе ДМСО. Установлено, что при обработке растений препаратом Лостор урожайность однозубковых луковиц повысилась на 24,6 по сравнению с контролем, а при использовании препарата Энергия М на 15,9, что обусловлено лучшей выживаемостью растений. При обработке растений растворами: Боратрана в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком, Герматранола в сочетании с Крезацином и Асяком, Лостора, масса луковиц, в зависимости от варианта, превышала контроль на 11,512,6, а урожайность на 12,117,7. Доля пораженных луковиц составила от 0,8 до 1,3.The purpose of the investigation was to determine the effectiveness of the use of organic element growth regulators of the new generation under cultivation of garlic (Allium sativum L.). The investigation was carried out in ARRIVG-branch of the Federal state budgetary Institute, in open ground conditions in the period 20172019. The soil of the experimental plot was sandy loam, the humus content in it was 3.413.44. The reaction of soil solution was neutral- рНKCl 6,7. The degree of nutrient availability: phosphorus was high (P2O5 content in the 020 cm layer was 22.7824.62 mg per 100 g of soil (according to Chirikov) potassium low, the content of K2O in a layer of 20 cm-10.3817.88 mg per 100 g of soil (according to Maslowa). To improve mineral nutrition of plants in the soil potassium chloride was added at a dose of 50 g/m2. During the vegetation period of plants supplements were used: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves by ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, 2 weeks after the first by complex fertilizer Nitroammophoska and the third by potassium sulphate 50 g/m2. Weather conditions were generally favorable for growing garlic. Watering of plants was carried out as the top layer of soil dried. As plant material for the investigation it was used winter garlic of Gladiator cultivar. The scheme of the experiment assumed three-time treatment of plants with preparation: Lostor in a concentration of 0.10.10.1, Energy M 0.010.010.01, Siliplant 0,30,20,3, Zircon 0,0250,010,01. Treatment of plants was carried out by spraying during the growing season. Treatment of plants was carried out by Boratran in combination with Krezatsin and Asiac at a concentration of 0.015, Germatranol in combination with Krezatsin and Asiac at a concentration of 0.015, Lostor at a concentration of 0.01 dissolved in 1 solution of DMSO. It was found that treatment of plants with Lostor increased the yield of single-tooth bulbs by 24.6 compared to the control and using Energia M-by 15.9 because of better plant survival. Treatment of plants with Boratran in combination with Cresacin and Asyak, Germatranol in combination with Cresacin and Asyak, Lostor increased the weight of bulbs by 11.512.6 and the yield by 12.117.7. The percentage of affected bulbs ranged from 0.8 to 1.3

Селекция и семеноводство картофеля в Камчатском крае

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Ryakhovskaya ◽  
T.P. Sherstyukova ◽  
M.L. Gamolina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
State Register ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

Рассмотрены агроклиматические условия Камчатского края и лимитирующие факторы, сдерживающие рост урожайности картофеля. Приведены характеристики новых сортов картофеля селекции Камчатского НИИСХ созданных в соответствии с приоритетными для региона направлениями селекции, включенных в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ и охраняемых патентами.Agroclimatic conditions of the Kamchatka Krai and limiting factors that restrain the growth of potato yield are considered. The characteristics of new varieties of potatoes of the selection of the Kamchatsky RIA are created in accordance with the priority for the region selection areas included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation and protected by patents.

Phytocenotic selection of perennial grasses as a factor of increasing the productivity of mixed agrophytocenoses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. Zolotarev ◽  
◽  
I.S. Ivanov ◽  
O.N. Lyubtseva
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Selection Of

Based on the analysis of data available in the literature and our own experimental material on phytocenotic selection of the stony stalk (Bromopsis inermis Holub.) the important role of competition between plants in the field for the creation of new varieties of perennial grasses that provide high yields of feed polyvid agrophytocenoses is shown.

APPLICATION OF THE INTENSIVE CROP GROWING TECHNOLOGIES IN CROP ROTATION IS THE STABILITY CONDITION OF THE HUMUS CONTENT OF SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
V. А. Shchedrin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Investment Project ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labile Phosphorus

In OOO “Dubovitskoe” which was organized in 2006 as investment project of the AO “Shchelkovo Agrokhim” for 2010 – 2012 three advanced crop rotations have been developed. Before their introduction the grain crops fraction in the cropping system was 62%, then it fell to 49%. At the same time the portion of raw crops increased from 15 to 20%, legumes from 6 to 8%, others (buckwheat, grain maize, etc.) - up to 23%. As of 2017, the crops of leguminous crops have increased noteworthily. There are two predominant soil types here heavy clay loam podzolized chernozem (6615 ha) and grey forest soil (856 ha). Weighted average indicators (as of 2017): humus content in the soils of arable land is 5, 34%; acidity pH is 4.92; labile phosphorus - 111.8 mg / kg soil; exchange potassium - 144 mg / kg soil. The coefficient of the soil fertility in the enterprise (weighted average) is 0.66. This means that maintaining and increasing the soil fertility for arable land of the enterprise is critical task. As a result of the research, it has been established that the technologies introduced in the crop vegetation management (CVS) in the crop rotation conditions ensure high productivity of cultivated crops and stability of humus content in soils as an energy basis and a guarantor of increasing fertility. The indicators of the labile phosphorus Р205 and exchange potassium К20 in the soils depending on the crop rotation vary from a certain decrease to expressed steady growth. Therefore it is necessary to specify seeding rates based on actual data. Sustainable soil acidification in the crop rotations under crop cultivation in OOO “Dubovitskoe” it is the result of the acid feterlizers high rates application, during studying period did not carried out required agromelioration with calcium contenting elements.

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