scholarly journals The promising variety of European radish Ophelia grown in protected and open ground conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012058
Author(s):  
M A Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Medium Size ◽  
Main Task ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Greenhouse Vegetable

Abstract Among the existing variety of vegetables, table root crops are very popular both in the Russian Federation and abroad: carrots, beets, radishes, turnips and parsnips. These crops are sources of natural vitamins; due to low prices for marketable products and seeds, they have been cultivated in Russia. Among all vegetables, radish ranks first by the content of potassium, magnesium and calcium salts; it also contains iron and phosphorus. When growing new varieties and hybrids of radish suitable for the mechanized harvesting, one should pay attention to the strength of leaves, the erectness of leaf rosettes, the uniformity of immersion in the soil and the easy pull-out of root crops. The collection of root crops Raphanus sativus L. VIR is annually replenished with numerous samples of the latest selection, primarily from China, Japan, and the Netherlands, as well as samples collected in Central Asia and the Caucasus. The main task of greenhouse vegetable growing is year-round or off-season production of high-quality vegetables (daikon, radish and turnip). As a result of the research, a new variety of European summer radish Ophelia was created for growing in protected and open ground conditions. It is an early ripening variety: it takes 33-38 days from full germination to the beginning of economic ripeness. Leaf rosettes are of medium size, light green. The vegetable has white elliptical roots. The Base is rounded. The pulp is white and opaque

scholarly journals Rexy is a new medium-ripe variety of table carrots

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
М.А. Косенко ◽  
А.Н. Ховрин
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Federal Districts ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
Commercial Yield

Сдерживающие факторы производства моркови в России – недостаток увлажнения, экстремальный температурный режим, поражаемость альтернариозом. Основное промышленное производство корнеплодных культур сосредоточено в Центральном, Южном и Приволжском федеральных округах, в которых выращивают около 70% валового сбора. Лидерами по объему производства моркови в 2018 году стали Волгоградская, Московская, Новгородская, Самарская области и Краснодарский край. Из года в год увеличивается потребление моркови и соответственно возрастает ее производство. Санкции дали российским производителям возможность заменить качественный импортный продукт на отечественный, и мы должны этим воспользоваться. Цель работы: оценить потенциал нового сорта моркови столовой Рекси отечественной селекции, отвечающего современным требованиям товарного производства. Исследования проводили в условиях открытого грунта в селекционном севообороте Агрофирмы «Поиск» (Московская область) в 2019–2020 годах. Новый перспективный сорт моркови столовой Рекси выведен и испытан в Московской, Ивановской, Рязанской и Смоленской областях. Среднеспелый. Розетка листьев полупрямостоячая. Лист длинный, зеленый, крупнорассеченный. Корнеплод короткий, конический со слабым сбегом и слегка заостренным основанием (сортотип Шантенэ). Сердцевина и кора оранжевые. Масса корнеплода – 152–201 г. Содержание сухого вещества – 11,5%, общего сахара – 7,2%, каротина – до 18,9 мг на 100 г сырого вещества. Сорт проходил производственные испытания в крупнейшем овощеводческом товарном хозяйстве ЗАО «Куликово» (Дмитровский район Московской области) на площади 10 га. В условиях овощного севооборота у сорта отмечена высокая товарная урожайность на раннюю продукцию – 56 т/га. Выход товарной продукции – 90,4%. В результате испытаний 2019–2020 годов на четырех госсортоучастках РФ выявлено, что средняя урожайность сорта за два года составила 71,93 т/га. Наибольшие показатели урожайности сорта Рекси отмечены в Рязанской и Московской областях. Доля стандартной продукции в среднем по областям составила 86,2%, наибольший показатель отмечен в Московской области – 95,7%. Constraining factors of production of carrots in Russia are: lack of moisture, extreme temperature conditions, morbidity of alternariosis. The main industrial production of root crops is concentrated in the Central, Southern and Volga Federal Districts, where about 70% of the gross harvest is grown. The leaders in terms of carrot production in 2018 were the Volgograd, Moscow, Novgorod, Samara regions and the Krasnodar Territory. The consumption of carrots is growing from year to year, and production is growing accordingly. The sanctions have given Russian manufacturers the opportunity to replace a high-quality imported product with a domestic one, and we must take advantage of this. The purpose of the work: to assess the potential of a new variety of table carrot Rexy of domestic selection that meets the modern requirements of commodity production. The research was carried out in open ground conditions in the selection crop rotation of the Poisk agrofirm (Moscow region) in 2019–2020. A new promising variety of Rexy carrots has been bred and tested in the Moscow, Ivanovo, Ryazan and Smolensk regions. Medium-ripened. The rosette of the leaves is semi-erect. The leaf is long, green, coarsely dissected. The root crop is short, conical with a weak shoot and a slightly pointed base (Chantenay variety type). The core and bark are orange. The weight of the root crop is 152–201 g. The content of dry matter is 11.5%, total sugar – 7.2%, carotene up to 18.9 mg per 100 g of raw matter. He passed production tests in the largest vegetable-growing commodity farm of CJSC Kulikovo (Dmitrovsky district of the Moscow region) on an area of 10 hectares. In the conditions of vegetable crop rotation, the variety has a high commercial yield for early products – 56 t/ha. The yield of marketable products is 90.4%. As a result of tests in 2019–2020 at four state-owned agricultural sites of the Russian Federation, it was revealed that the average yield of the variety for two years was 71.93 t/ha. The highest productivity indicators of the Rexy variety were noted in the Ryazan and Moscow regions. The share of standard products on average in the regions was 86.2%, the highest figure was recorded in the Moscow region – 95.7%.

scholarly journals Results of testing the new variety of carrots in the conditions of the Rostov region

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
L. А. Yusupova
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
The World ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Excellent Preservation ◽  
Commercial Yield

Relevance. ICarrots are known all over the world. It contains a large amount of carotene-provitamin A and a lot of useful substances – vitamin C, sugar pectin’s, potassium, and essential oils. This valuable crop is grown all over the world and in different weather and climatic conditions. When growing carrots, it is necessary to carefully select varieties and hybrids that will give a high commercial yield, as well as are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors.Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 in the fields of the Biryuchekut vegetable breeding experimental station of the branch of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in open ground conditions. The object of research was the varieties of carrots.Results. While breeding work on the Biryuchekutsky vegetable breeding experimental station a new variety of carrot Aksinya was obtained. In 2018, it was included in the station variety test. The new promising variety has an earlier maturation period on average 10 days earlier than the standards, a conical, blunt-edged form of orange-colored root crops with high taste qualities. The yield is at the level of 45 t / ha. It has excellent preservation during winter storage, resistance to diseases, as well as the ability to grow in arid and hot climates on heavy soils, while maintaining a high marketability of 72-76%.

Breeding and spread of the apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) new cultivars

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
L.D. Boldyzheva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Major Gene ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Main Task ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Apple Variety ◽  
State Register ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
Tree Vigour

The main task of the apple present day breeding is creation of intensive cultivars. In order to accelerate this process at present is the knowledge which has been accumulated in the genetics of the traits of the necessary crop. It is much simpler to carry out breeding on the traits that are controlled by the major genes. If any trait is conditioned by the dominant allele of the major gene it is possible to expect half of seedlings with this trait in the offspring as a result of the crossing. Such approach enables to plan and valuate objectively a great number of seedlings at the primary stages. The principle of a new сv creation is almost similar both in Ukraine and abroad. But in other countries this process is more modern since new laboratories are at the service of a breeder which can accelerate the appearance of a new variety by some years. That′s why this cultivar is more expensive. However that does not guarantee the creation of “ideal” cultivar which would meet all the requirements of a producer and consumer and in most cases such сv becomes known and spreaded not thanks to its certain unrepeatable signs but due to publicity. The breeding on the obtaining of a new apple variety is long-term labour-consuming and complicated work including many stages – from the hybridization to entering into the State Register of the Plant Cultivars Favourable for the Spread in Ukraine. The presence of the registration and licence for the further reproduction as of сv for the wide manufacturing introduction is a very suitable factor but it does not suffice the promotion at the market. Certainly, as in case of everything new many doubts, misgivings and questions appear in this connection and in order that a demand emerge on a new variety and it become known, beside publicity, it is necessary to show all the advantages and potential as compared to the spreaded cultivars and present complete recommendations concerning the peculiarities of its growing, the substantial robe belonging to a rootstock which influences the tree vigour and fruit early ripening and quality. Therefore the testing оn some most spreaded or new rootstocks should be conducted under different planting plans including the trees pruning, ovary thinning, measuments on the soil management and fertilizing and leaf-feeding dressing into the plants management system in order to ensure the high annual crop.

scholarly journals Results and prospects of European radish breeding

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Maria A. Kosenko
Keyword(s):  
Early Spring ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Compact Leaf ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Root Crop ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
New Varieties

Relevance Currently, the first place goes to the creation of new high-yielding varieties and hybrids F1 crops that meet the requirements of modern industrial technologies. Heterosis hybrids have high yield, marketability, equalization, friendly yield and resistance to disease. Methods When developing new varieties and hybrids of radish suitable for mechanized harvesting, attention should be paid to the strength of the attachment of the leaf outlet and its upright position, the uniformity of immersion in the soil and the easy pull-out of root crops. Studies were performed in a protected (heated film greenhouse) and open ground in All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – Branch of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. Results The results of breeding work with European radish are presented. According to the results of expert evaluation, the state register of breeding achievements included two varieties of European summer radish – Bianca, Sirius and one hybrid of European winter radish – Tsyganskiy Baron F1. The new varieties are distinguished by uniformity in shape, length, diameter of the root crop, compact leaf rosette, form a root crop in a short and long daylight, recommended for cultivation under film shelters and in the open ground (early spring and summer sowing time). As a result of repeated inbreeding, inbred lines of European winter radish (brought to the seventh generation) were created, characterized by high equalization of the root crop, with strict self-compatibility. These lines were included in the process of creating heterosis hybrids. Evaluation of the obtained hybrids was carried out in the open ground. A hybrid of radish European winter Tsyganskiy Baron F1 – medium-ripe, flat-rounded root, black, weighing 220-260 g. Perspective hybrid in relation to the standard has a more aligned form of the root, with a rich black color and smooth surface. Tsyganskiy Baron F1 on the above indicators exceeds the standard night, resistant to stressful conditions.

scholarly journals Condition and promising directions of tomato selection for open ground of Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
В.В. Огнев ◽  
Т.В. Чернова ◽  
А.Н. Костенко ◽  
И.В. Барбарицкая
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Ground Conditions ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Creation

Несовершенство используемого сортимента – серьезная проблема при выращивании томата в открытом грунте, в том числе и на юге России. Возделывают как старые малоурожайные сорта, так и импортные с низкой адаптивностью. Необходим переход на современные технологии возделывания, позволяющие более полно проявить продуктивный потенциал новых сортов и гибридов томата. Цель исследований: оценка современного состояния и определение перспектив селекции томата для условий открытого грунта юга России. Исследования проводили в открытом грунте ССЦ «Ростовский» компании «Поиск», расположенном в Октябрьском районе Ростовской области в 2016–2020 годах. Материалом для исследований служили сорта и гибриды томата отечественной и иностранной селекции, рекомендованные к использованию в Российской Федерации для возделывания в открытом грунте. Основными лимитирующими факторами в период выращивания томата в открытом грунте были высокие температуры, низкая относительная влажность воздуха и недостаточное естественное увлажнение. Почвы в опытах представлены черноземом обыкновенным с содержанием гумуса 3,6%, рН – 7,8. Рассаду томата выращивали в кассетах в разводочной необогреваемой теплице с забегом 30 дней. Растения высаживали по схеме 70×30 см. Срок высадки – 2–3 декада мая при прогреве почвы на глубине 10 см до 8–10 °C и отсутствии опасности заморозков. Технология возделывания включала капельное орошение и систему фертигации. Учеты и наблюдения за растениями вели по общепринятым методикам. В исследованиях установлена необходимость создания сортимента с высокой продуктивностью, лежкостью и транспортабельностью, устойчивостью к биотическим и абиотическим факторам среды, с признаками пригодности для конкретных направлений использования. Особое значение имеет создание сортов и гибридов томата с высокими потребительскими качествами, а также раннеспелых. Наряду с созданием сортимента для промышленного производства есть потребность в создании эксклюзивных сортов и гибридов, спрос на которые имеет тенденцию к росту, в том числе в товарном секторе. The problem when growing tomatoes in the open ground is the imperfection of the assortment used, including South of Russia. Both old low-yielding varieties and imported ones with low adaptability are cultivated. It is necessary to switch to new cultivation technologies that allow us to more fully demonstrate the productive potential of new varieties and hybrids of tomato. The purpose of the research is to assess the current state and determine the prospects of tomato breeding for open ground conditions in Russia. The research was carried out in the open ground of the Rostovskiy breeding and seed production centre of Poisk Agrofirm, located in the Oktyabrsky district of the Rostov region in 2016–2020. The research materials were varieties and hybrids of tomato of domestic and foreign selection, recommended for use in the Russian Federation for cultivation in the open ground. The main limiting factors during the period of growing tomatoes in the open ground were high temperatures, low relative humidity and insufficient natural moisture. The soils in the experiments are represented by ordinary chernozem with a humus content of 3.6%, pH – 7.8. Tomato seedlings were grown in cassettes in a non-heated greenhouse with a run of 30 days. The plants were planted according to the scheme of 70×30 cm. The planting period is 2–3 decades of May when the soil is heated at a depth of 10 cm to 8–10 °C and there is no danger of frost. Cultivation technology with drip irrigation and fertigation system. Records and observations of plants were conducted according to generally accepted methods. The research has established the need to create a assortment with high productivity, shelf life and transportability, resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors, with signs of suitability for specific areas of use. Of particular importance is the creation of tomato varieties and hybrids with high consumer qualities, as well as early-ripening ones. Along with the creation of assortment for industrial production, there is a need to create exclusive varieties and hybrids, the demand for which tends to grow, including in the commodity sector.

HIGH-PROTEIN VARIETIES AND PERSPECTIVE LINES OF SPRING BARLEY

1970 ◽  
pp. 23-25
Author(s):  
O. V. Levakova ◽  
L. M. Eroshenko
Keyword(s):  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Protein ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Research Grade ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Variety Testing

The article presents the results of the analysis of the biochemical composition of selected in the competitive variety testing of new varieties and promising lines of spring barley, studied on the experimental field ISA-branch of FGBNU FNAC VIM in 2016-2018. Result of research in different years of water availability among the rooms was allocated a group of high-protein barley with improved feed value: 4 varieties, 2 of which are on the state variety testing, and 2 promising lines. The range of variation of protein content in the grain of the selected samples varied from 13.1 to 14.5 %, lysine – from 0.48 to 0.52 %, weight of 1000 grains-from 48.0 to 53.5 g. According to the data obtained the highest value of protein in grain was observed in krupnosortnogo varieties Zlatoyar (GSI), amounting on average for 14.5 %. The increase was equal to 1.1% in relation to the control variety Yaromir. With an average yield of 6.52 t/ha in the years of research grade Accounting have provided protein per hectare in the amount of 0,94 t/ha. A new variety Sudar´ (GSI) and breeding line 149/4-12 h 788 and 129/1-14 h 907 this indicator has been less productive, however, exceeded the grade Yaromir 0.10 to 0.16 t/ha. Given the higher productivity of new promising varieties and breeding lines, the collection of lysine per unit area they have 12.7, 30.8 per cent was higher than that of the Promej class and 10.6-23.6% more than in the variety Yaromir, which indicates their high biological value. Selected hulless line 1137 h is also an encouraging source of protein and other nutrients of plant origin. The selected lines and new varieties, regardless of weather conditions, were able to ensure the production of high-protein and sources' grain for feed purposes, while maintaining productivity.

Gesneriaceae of the old World III. New species and varieties from Borneo, chiefly from Mt Kinabalu

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Burtt
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Old World ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
New Varieties

A new variety of Agalmyla tuberculala Hook. f. is described; it extends the range of the species from Mt Kinabalu, Sabah, to Mt Murud, N Sarawak. Five new species and four new varieties of Cyrtandra are described from Mt Kinabalu; there are also two new species of Cyrtandra from Sarawak.

scholarly journals Cucumber breeding lines are a prospective material for creating new varieties for open ground in southern Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-67
Author(s):  
O. P. Kigashpaeva ◽  
A. V. Gulin ◽  
L. P. Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Import Substitution ◽  
Economic Traits ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Fruit Setting ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Southern Russia ◽  
Predominantly Female ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The varieties and hybrids of cucumbers cultivated in the Astrakhan region are insufficiently productive and are largely affected by a number of diseases. The introduction of innovative developments into production, in particular, new varieties and hybrids of domestic selection, largely solves the problem of import substitution and food security. The goal is to use promising breeding lines and their offspring as genetic sources and donors when creating new varieties and hybrids for open field conditions in southern Russia.Methods. Experiments were carried out in the fields of Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, according to the methods used in the Astrakhan region. Within three years, 47 collection samples were tested.Results. The article presents the results of studying the 12 most promising ones, distinguished by a complex of valuable economic traits, in particular by yield, amicability of fruit setting, which are of interest for further breeding work. According to the results of the data obtained, we can say that the best were the lines: 13-88RZ, 13-101RZ, Gherkins, KRASTAVAC, Courage, Zina, they can be used to create new varieties and hybrids of cucumber as donors of a predominantly female type of flowering, harmonious yield.

scholarly journals Polianthes tuberose Breeding in Indonesia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 587
Author(s):  
Donald Sihombing
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Mutation Induction ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Double Flower ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Local Cultivars ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Flower Type

Tuberose (Polianthus tuberosa) is an important ornamental plant in Indonesia that has been cultivated by farmers for a long time mainly in Java and North Sumatra provinces. However, the availability of new superior varieties is only a few so that the consumers only have a limited choice. Until now, there are three types of tuberose in Indonesia, which is distinguished by the type of flower namely single, semi-double and double flower. Some breeding efforts to obtain new varieties have been done through crossbreeding, mutation induction and selection to local cultivars. But the success on the crossbreeding of tuberose was only about 0.05%, as it can only be done in the direction of the single flower with double flowers. Because in the double flowers pistils are not found, the variability is very low. Nevertheless from these crossbreeding obtained 29 genotypes that showed differences in several characters, especially in the arrangements of flowers; and flower stalks straightness and rigidness. The other study indicates that each genotype has a different resistance levels against leaf spot disease (Xanthomonas sP.). Meanwhile, breeding of tuberose through mutation induction technique has not been widely studied. Application of gamma ray irradiation on tubers caused morphological damaged on Polyanthes, reduced bulb growth less than 30% and reduced the plant height more 400% than no treated plants (control). Polyploidy induced mutations by using colchicine led to changes in the length and diameter of the flowers and harvesting time. Until now, there is no result of the crossbreeding and mutation techniques that released as a new variety. Despite this, based on the positive selection breeding on local cultivars, there have been two superior genotypes released as new varieties namely Dian Arum (double flower type; origin of Cianjur, West Java) and Roro (semi double flower type; origin of Pasuruan, East Java).  Keywords: Polianthes tuberosa ; breeding; local cultivars, new varieties,Dian Arum, Roro Anteng

New varieties of Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub (Lycopodiaceae)

2016 ◽  
pp. 5-21
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Ivanenko
Keyword(s):  
Parental Species ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
High Variability ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Hybrid Species ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Light And Shadow ◽  
Ecological Forms

Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub is a hybrid species, with the formula D. complanatum (L.) Holub × D. tristachyum (Pursh) Holub. A high variability of D. zeilleri is due to environmental conditions (light and shadow ecological forms) and probably to introgressive hybridization with the parental species. Intermediate forms between D. zeilleri, D. complanatum and D. tristachyum are quite rare, that allows to treat the three taxa as separate species. D. zeilleri is missing in subarctic regions of Europe and North America, and some degree of its resemblance with D. complanatum subsp. montellii Kukk. is convergent. Lycopodium complanatum f. polystachyum H. Lindb. is considered to belong to D. zeilleri, and an appropriate conbination is published, Diphasiastrum zeilleri var. polystachyum (H. Lindb.) Ivanenko. A new variety Diphasiastrum zeilleri (Rouy) Holub var. ramistachyum Ivanenko is described, differing by sessile strobili formed on the basal part of fertile branches during one growing season. The structure, the base of which is a fertile branch, and the upper part is strobilus (strobili), is proposed to term «strobilus branch». Besides D. zeilleri var. ramistachyum, the strobilus branches are produced by D. issleri (Rouy) Holub, D. oellgaardii Stoor, Boudrie, Jérôme, K. Horn et Bennert, and rarely by D. alpinum (L.) Holub and D. complanatum.

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