Short-season varieties of red clover on the drainage lands of the Non-Chernozem region

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е. Павлючик ◽  
А. Капсамун ◽  
Н. Иванова ◽  
В. Тюлин ◽  
О. Силина
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Height Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Multicomponent Mixtures ◽  
Ecosystem Productivity ◽  
Humid Zone ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
Gramineous Species

Представлены полученные в отделе кормопроизводства ФГБНУ ВНИИМЗ трехлетние данные по продуктивности травосмесей на основе клевера лугового, люцерны изменчивой и злаковых трав на осушаемой почве Нечерноземья. В опыте, заложенном в 2012 году, представлены сравнительные данные роста, развития и урожайности зелёной массы разноспелых травосмесей за период 2012 2015 годов. Исследования проводились на институтском полигоне в Тверской области. Возделывание многолетних трав в смесях на кормовые цели обеспечивает их эффективное использование при затратах на посев один раз в 5 и более лет, сокращённых затратах на уборку урожая и минеральные подкормки в связи с использованием в смесях двух бобовых культур. Рекомендуемый разноспелый сортовой состав клевера лугового и расширенный видовой состав злаковых компонентов позволяет удлинить время их скашивания. Введение в сельскохозяйственное производство многокомпонентных травосмесей обеспечивает максимальную урожайность зелёной массы за два укоса (до 40 т/га) и получение полноценного зелёного корма для крупного рогатого скота в течение июняавгуста, что особенно важно в настоящее время. Отмечено, что возделывание в смесях бобовых трав разных лет жизни клевера лугового и люцерны изменчивой со злаковыми травами способствует стабилизации и продлению продуктивности травосмесей при удешевлении производства кормов и сохранении плодородия почвы. В ходе проведения опыта определены и рекомендованы наиболее приспособленные к условиям гумидной зоны бобовозлаковые трёхкомпонентные травосмеси, отличающиеся высокопродуктивным долголетием. This paper presents the data on ecosystem productivity cultivated on the drainage lands of the NonChernozem region in 2012 2015. Mixtures were composed of red clover, bastard alfalfa and gramineous. The experiment taken place in the Tver region dealt with plant height, growth and green mass productivity. Introduction of two legume crops into grass mixtures was effective and reduced seeding, harvesting and fertilizer costs. Combination of clover of various maturation times with different gramineous species extended cutting time of grass mixtures. Multicomponent mixtures produced up to 40 t ha1 of green mass for 2 cuts and provided cattle with green forage in JuneAugust. Growing crops of different maturation times as mixtures optimized and increased ecosystem productivities as well as reduced production costs and maintained soil fertility. The experiment determined threecomponent legumegramineous mixtures that had the best adaptability to the humid zone and productive longevity.

New cultivar of red clover Prima

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
R. I. Polyudina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
The State ◽  
Hybrid Population ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Early Ripening

The results of breeding work on creation of the new cultivar of red clover are presented. The hybrid population (15-10-D (2n)) was created by the method of crossbreeding and selection in the conditions of artifi cial climate. Selection of winterhardy high-yielding forms of this hybrid population was conducted in the forest-steppe zone of West Siberia. The population 15-10-D (2n) was tested in three cycles of competitive variety trial (crops of 2006, 2008 and 2010) and was submitted to the State variety testing under the name Prima. According to the results of the competitive variety trial during 2007–2013, the new early-ripening diploid cultivar Prima showed high winter hardiness of 97.0-99.0%. The duration of the growing season is 115 days (on the level of standard early-ripening tetraploid cultivar Meteor). The yield of green mass in two cuts is 19.6-58.7 t/ha, the yield of dry matter is 4.2-13.5 t/ha, the yield of seeds is 276-392 kg/ ha. The average yield of green mass in two cuts of the new cultivar is 38.8 t/ha, the average yield of dry matter is 8.7 t/ha, the average yield of seeds is 317 kg/ha, which exceeds standard cultivar Meteor by 52%. The seed content of Prima cultivar is 52%, Meteor – 38%. The crude protein content in dry matter is 16.1%, the fi ber content is 26.0%. Prima cultivar has been included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements of the Russian Federation to be grown in the West Siberian region since 2019. The copyright certifi cate and patent for the breeding achievement were received.

scholarly journals Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Paul Gutierrez ◽  
Luigi Ponti ◽  
Keshav R. Kranthi ◽  
Johann Baumgärtner ◽  
Peter. E. Kenmore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pure Line ◽  
High Density ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
South Central ◽  
Viable Solution ◽  
Farmer Suicides ◽  
Short Season

Abstract Background The implementation of hybrid Bt cotton unique to India has been heralded as a grand success by government agencies, seed companies and other proponents, and yet yields have stagnated at low levels and production costs have risen 2.5–3-fold. The low-yield hybrid cotton system of India contributes thousands of farmer suicides to the annual national toll. Conceptual and methodological barriers have hindered bioeconomic analysis of the ecological and social sustainability of such cross-scale agro-ecological problems in time and geographic space, under global technology and climate change. As a paradigm shift, we use conceptually simple, parameter-sparse, theoretically based, mechanistic, weather-driven physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs) to deconstruct the bio-economics of the Indian cotton system. Results Our analysis of Indian hybrid cotton system explains some extant ecological and economic problems, and suggests a viable solution. Specifically, the model accurately captured the age-stage mass dynamics of rainfed and irrigated cotton growth/development and the interactions with the key pest pink bollworm across five south-central Indian states, and enabled identification of proximate bioeconomic factors responsible for low yield and their relationship to farmer suicides. The results are reinforced by analysis of Ministry of Agriculture annual state-level data. We explain why short-season, high-density non-GM cotton is a highly viable solution for Indian cotton farmers in rainfed and irrigated cotton areas of the five states, and possibly nationally. The transition from a theoretical bioeconomic construct to a real-world regional bioeconomic analysis proved seamless. Conclusions The hybrid long-season Bt technology for rainfed and irrigated cotton is unique to India, and is a value capture mechanism. This technology is suboptimal leading to stagnant yields, high input costs, increased insecticide use, and low farmer incomes that increase economic distress that is a proximate cause of cotton farmer suicides. The current GM Bt technology adds costs in rainfed cotton without commensurate increases in yield. Non-GM pure-line high-density short-season varieties could double rainfed cotton yield, reduce costs, decrease insecticide use, and help ameliorate suicides. The GM hybrid technology is inappropriate for incorporation in short-season high-density varieties.

Growth and development of domesticated and wild genotypes of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) in the Middle Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
В.А. Волошин
Keyword(s):  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
Wild Genotype ◽  
Flowering Pattern ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Stable Yield

В данной статье представлены результаты сравнительной оценки 11 сортов клевера лугового и одного образца-дикороса, проведённой в Пермском НИИ сельского хозяйства в 2018–2019 годах. Все селекционные сорта сформировали полноценные первый и второй укосы или отаву в оба года использования. Дикорастущая форма формировала только один укос, демонстрируя особенность позднеспелого одноукосного типа. Сорта Кретуновский и Ранний 2 показали себя как типичные раннеспелые двухукосные. Другие сорта занимали промежуточное положение. Наибольший сбор сухого вещества обеспечивал образец-дикорос в оба года при крайне различных погодных условиях (1,266 и 1,259 кг/м2 соответственно). Дикорастущая форма и сорт Ранний 2 обеспечивали стабильные урожаи зелёной массы и сухого вещества независимо от возраста и погодных условий. Образец дикорастущего клевера имел более однородный фенотип по сравнению с сортом Пермский местный — стандартом для позднеспелого типа, что указывает на большую генетическую однородность. Согласно всесторонней оценке, включающей степень перезимовки, урожайность зелёной и сухой массы, характер цветения, созревания, формирования и конечный урожай семян, образец-дикорос имеет отличительные признаки позднеспелого (одноукосного) типа и может использоваться в качестве исходного генетического материала для дальнейшей селекции позднеспелых одноукосных сортов клевера лугового, характеризующихся экономически ценными свойствами: высокой устойчивостью к неблагоприятным условиям окружающей среды, высокой и стабильной урожайностью зелёной массы и семян. Исследования будут продолжены с оценкой ряда образцов дикорастущих форм клевера лугового, обнаруженных в 2019 году в природных биоценозах Пермского края. This article deals with the competitive trial of 11 varieties and 1 wild genotype of red clover conducted at the Research Institute of Agriculture in 2018–2019. All the varieties provided good yields of green mass both in the first and second cuts. Wild genotype provided only one cut as long-season one-cut type. “Kretunovskiy” and “Ranniy 2” performed as typical short-season two-cut varieties. Wild genotype produced the highest yield of dry matter (DM) under contrast weather conditions (1.266 and 1.259 kg/m2, respectively). Wild genotype and “Ranniy 2” formed stable yields of green mass and DM regardless of time period and weather. Wild genotype showed homogeneous phenotype compared to “Permskiy mestnyy” — long-season standard variety indicating high genetic uniformity. Such traits as winter hardiness, green and dry mass yields, flowering pattern, seed maturation, formation and production were evaluated. According to this evaluation wild genotype performed as long-season (one-cut) type showing high resistance to unfavorable conditions, high and stable yield of green mass and seeds. Therefore, it can be used a source of economically important traits for future breeding programs of red clover. Further investigations will focus on the evaluation of wild genotypes of red clover found in the Perm region in 2019.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Economic Performance of Maize, Soybean, and Wheat in Different Rotations during the Transition to an Organic Cropping System

Agronomy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 192 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Cox ◽  
John Hanchar ◽  
Jerome Cherney
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
High Input ◽  
Price Premiums

Crop producers transitioning to an organic cropping system must grow crops organically without price premiums for 36 months before certification. We evaluated red clover-maize, maize-soybean, and soybean-wheat/red clover rotations in organic and conventional cropping systems with recommended and high inputs in New York, USA to identify the best rotation and management practices during the transition. Organic compared with conventional maize with recommended inputs in the maize-soybean rotation (entry crop) averaged 32% lower yields, $878/ha higher production costs, and $1096/ha lower partial returns. Organic maize compared with conventional maize with recommended inputs in the red clover-maize rotation (second transition crop) had similar yields, production costs, and partial returns. Organic compared with conventional soybean with recommended inputs in soybean-wheat/red clover or maize-soybean rotations had similar yields, production costs, and partial returns. Organic compared with conventional wheat with recommended inputs in the soybean-wheat/clover rotation had similar yields, $416/ha higher production costs, and $491/ha lower partial returns. The organic compared with the conventional soybean-wheat/red clover rotation had the least negative impact on partial returns during the transition. Nevertheless, all organic rotations had similar partial returns ($434 to $495/ha) so transitioning immediately, regardless of entry crop, may be most prudent. High input management did not improve organic crop yields during the transition.

scholarly journals The effect of exogenous rhizobial lipopolysaccharide on symbiosis of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii with red clover

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 307-309
Author(s):  
Maria Głowacka ◽  
Agnieszka Stępień ◽  
Sylwia Szyprowska
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Rhizobium Strains

The effectivity of symbiosis of <em>Rhizobium leguminosarum</em> bv. trifolii with red clover in the presence of exogenous lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation was measured as a yield of green mass of infected plants. The addition of complete LPS that had been obtained from homological Rhizobium strains influenced significantly the growth of plants. In the presence of defective LPS of <em>Rhizobium</em> mutant the effectivity of symbiosis did not change.

scholarly journals Obtaining programmed yields of corn in the conditions of the upper Volga region

2019 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoya Ivanovna Usanova ◽  
Pavel Ivanovich Migulev
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Loamy Soil ◽  
Upper Volga ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Maize Yields ◽  
Photosynthetic Potential ◽  
Tver Region ◽  
The Upper Volga Region

The results of studies carried out in 2016 – 2018 in the 2-factor field experiment on sod - medium-podzolic light loamy soil in JSC "Kalininskoye" Kalinin district of the Tver region, to study the possibility of obtaining programmed maize yields with different efficiency of sowing KPD FAR. The background of mineral nutrition was created by the introduction of litter manure of cattle. Studied hybrids Cascade SV 195 (control), Angela, LH 30189, Voronezh SV 160, 180 Spring ST. It is revealed that the agrometeorological conditions of the region allow to form the programmed yields of green mass of corn at creation of the corresponding background of fertilizer. At the same time, they increase the powerful photosynthetic potential of sowing. The maximum FRR (4663 thousand m2хday/ha) formed hybrid LH 30189 on the background of mineral nutrition with the efficiency of the KPD FAR is 3.5 %, which has generated the greatest yield of green mass of cobs in the milk – wax ripeness, on average, for 3 years he has 93.2 t/ha.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF THE USE OF BIOLOGICAL PRESERVATIVES IN ENSILEMENT OF WET CRIMPED CORN AND AIR-DRIED CLOVER

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
M.O. Moiseyeva ◽  
T.M. Shloma ◽  
N.N. Zenkova ◽  
O.F. Ganushchenko ◽  
I.V. Kovaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Corn Grain

The article presents findings of the research on a complex evaluation of wet crimped corn grain and dried green mass of red clover cured with the use of various biological preservatives. It was found that “Baktoflor-S VBF” has a high preservative effect both for wet crimped corn grain, and for air-dried high-protein raw materials. The energy and protein nutritional value of the finished fodder was in all cases high compared to the specialized preservatives.

The effectiveness of forage production from hybrid alfalfa and red clover under various seeding rates

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Л.П. Байкалова ◽  
Т.С. Власова
Keyword(s):  
Red Clover ◽  
Production Optimization ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Mass Yield ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Perennial Legume ◽  
Green Mass Yield

Полевые опыты проведены в 2017–2020 годах на опытном поле кафедры растениеводства и плодоовощеводства Красноярского государственного аграрного университета в УНПК «Борский» (Сухобузимский район Красноярского края), расположенном в лесостепной зоне. Посев многолетних бобовых трав был проведён в 2017 году. Люцерну гибридную высевали с нормами 5, 10, 15 и 20 кг/га, клевер луговой — с нормами высева 5, 10 и 15 кг/га. Контрольными были нормы высева, рекомендованные в лесостепной зоне Сибири для люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового, — 15 кг/га. Учёты урожайности зелёной массы проведены фазу цветения в 2018–2020 годах. Целью работы являлось определение эффективности производства кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при различных нормах высева. Доля влияния нормы высева на урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной составляла 25,8%, клевера лугового — 10,6%. Самый высокий вклад в рост урожайности зелёной массы вносило взаимодействие факторов «норма высева × год». Регулирование нормы высева при любых погодных условиях приводило к высокой реализации адаптивного потенциала многолетних бобовых трав и повышению урожайности зелёной массы. Максимальная урожайность зелёной массы люцерны гибридной получена при высеве с нормой 5 кг/га, клевера лугового — при 15 кг/га. Производство кормов из люцерны гибридной и клевера лугового при всех исследуемых нормах высева являлось рентабельным и экономически эффективным. Использование многолетних бобовых трав для производства зелёной массы при нормах высева, показавших максимальную урожайность, позволило снизить затраты на производство кормов за счёт роста урожайности и снижения себестоимости в сравнении с прочими исследуемыми нормами высева. Лучшей нормой высева люцерны гибридной с экономической точки зрения была норма 5 кг/га с рентабельностью 212,2%, клевера лугового — контрольная норма высева (15 кг/га) с рентабельностью 93,2% The field trial took place at the Department of Crop, Fruit and Vegetable Production of the Krasnoyarsk State Agrarian University in 2017–2020. Perennial legume grasses were planted in 2017. Seeding rates of hybrid alfalfa were 5, 10, 15 and 20 kg ha-1, red clover — 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1. Seeding rates recommended for Siberian forest-steppe were considered as standard — 15 kg ha-1. Green mass yield was calculated at flowering stage in 2018–2020. The research aimed at testing the effectiveness of forage production from alfalfa and clover under various seeding rates. Only 25.8% of alfalfa productivity and 10.6% of clover yield resulted from the effect of seeding rate. Seeding rate–year interaction had the highest impact on green mass production. Optimization of seeding rate led to higher crop adaptability and green mass yield regardless of weather conditions. The highest green mass productivity of alfalfa happened under the seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1, red clover — 15 kg ha-1. Fodder production from both hybrid alfalfa and clover was economically effective regardless of seeding rate. Perennial legume grasses decreased costs for feed production due to their yield increase and lower prime costs under the most effective seeding rates. The alfalfa seeding rate of 5 kg ha-1 was the most profitable, the payback amounted to 212.2%. Seeding 15 kg ha-1 of red clover resulted in payback of 93.2%

Influence of mineral nutrition on the productivity of perennial legumes

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
О. A. Blagopoluchnaya ◽  
N. I. Devterova
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Dry Food

The results of the studies of different doses of dressings on the yield and nutritional value of green mass of clover for two years use are presented. The experiment was carried out in April 2017 on No. 3 scientific field of the FSBSI «Adyghе Research Institute of Agriculture using B.A. Dospekhov’s method. The experiment was repeated 4 times, the arrangement of repetitions and variants was systematic. The object of the research was Abadzekhsky local red clover variety. In the research a moldboard method of tillage was used to a depth of 20–22 cm. Analysis of the data obtained showed that the maximum yield of green mass of clover, both I and II, was obtained in the variant with an increased background of mineral nutrition and amounted to 15,1 t/ha; 25,1 t/ha. The yield of clover hay in the first and second years of life with the application of the highest dose of nitrogen fertilizers (N45) was 4,8 t/ha and 7,2 t/ha. Complete zootechnical analysis of the nutritional value of the green mass of red clover I g. showed that 1 kg of dry feed contained 0,75–0,80 g/kg of feed units. The provision of digestible protein in the green mass of clover increased with an increase in the background of mineral nutrition 77,7–98,8 g/kg. The content of metabolizable energy in 1 kg of dry food was 8,7–9,3 MJ. The fodder value of green mass of clover of II y. showed that the content of digestible protein varied in the options within 74,0–94,1 g. The content of feed units in 1 kg of dry feed was 0,75–0,86 g, metabolic energy 9,6–10,3 mJ. The content of digestible protein, feed units and metabolizable energy on these variants corresponded to the I and II class of feed.

Performance, economics, and adoption of cover crops in Wisconsin cash grain rotations: On-farm trials

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen B. Mallory ◽  
Joshua L. Posner ◽  
Jon O. Baldock
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
N Source ◽  
Short Season ◽  
On Farm

AbstractCover crop performance depends largely on management factors that must be customized to particular farm situations and, therefore, is suited for on-farm research, with farmers involved in both management and evaluation. Cover crop sequences that were successful in a research station study were tested over a variety of soils and management strategies in collaboration withfarmers. The two-year cover crop sequences consisted of a short-season crop followed by a cover crop in year one and corn in year two. The cover crops themselves were evaluated by their agronomic and economic performance and their acceptance by farmers. Four cover crop systems (companionseeded red clover, sequentially seeded hairy vetch, sequentially seeded oat, and fallow) were compared for ground cover, above-ground biomass and above-ground nitrogen yield, subsequent corn grain yield, and N fertilizer replacement value (N-FRV). Cover crops were essential for erosion control following vegetable crops and tillage, but were not necessary following small grains. Companion-seeded red clover produced the most ground cover, yielded up to 133 kg N/ha, and had a higher average N-FRV than sequentially seeded hairy vetch on sandy loam soils, but was not preferred by farmers who harvested small grain straw as well as grain. Sequentially seeded hairy vetch gave excellent cover when no-till seeded, produced more than 125 kg N/ha in half the siteyears, and had a higher average N-FRV than companion-seeded red clover on silt loam soils. First-year N-FRV for the legume cover crops averaged 67 kg N/ha over both soil types. The participating farmers indicated that their decisions to adopt cover crops would be based primarily on their need for ground cover, and secondarily on the profitability of using cover crops as an N source. However, when valued solely as an N source for the next year's crop (and not for any potential long-term benefits), cover crops were not an economical alternative to N fertilizer. We suggest focusing future cover crop research and extension efforts on outreach to farmers growing crops that do not provide sufficient ground cover, such as short-season vegetable crops, and optimizing the cover crop system to maximize its erosion control benefits and increase its profitability over N fertilizer.

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