OPTIMIZATION OF THE EXTRACTION PARAMETERS OF THE COMPLEX OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES FROM THE DRIED BIOMASS OF CALLUS CROPS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.К. АСЯКИНА ◽  
Н.В. ФОТИНА ◽  
Н.В. ИЗГАРЫШЕВА ◽  
Л.С. ДЫШЛЮК
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Organic Solvent ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Scutellaria Baicalensis ◽  
Complete Analysis ◽  
Plant Sample ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Оптимизированы параметры экстракции растительного сырья – высушенной биомассы каллусных культур клеток лекарственных растений – шлемника байкальского (Scutellaria Baicalensis), лапчатки белой (Potentilla alba), лимонника (Schisandra), любки двулистной (Platanthera bifolia), произрастающих в Сибирском федеральном округе. Варьируемыми параметрами были продолжительность экстракции, температурный режим и соотношение объема органического растворителя к количеству высушенного образца растений – гидромодуль. В качестве органического растворителя для получения экстрактов шлемника байкальского и любки двулистной использовали ацетон, экстрактов лимонника и лапчатки белой – 70%-й этанол. Оптимизацию параметров проводили по максимальному показателю выхода сухого экстракта. Установлено, что оптимальными параметрами экстракции комплекса БАВ из высушенного каллуса лекарственного растения шлемника байкальского является температура 50°С, продолжительность процесса 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10, лапчатки белой – температура 40°С, продолжительность процесса 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 20, лимонника – температура процесса 40°С, его продолжительность 60 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10, любки двулистной – температура 50°С, продолжительность экстракции 120 мин и гидромодуль 1 : 10. Метод экстракции, описанный в настоящей работе, и оптимизированные параметры процесса могут быть использованы как новые инструменты для полного анализа растительного сырья, используемого в пищевой и фармацевтической отраслях. The parameters of the extraction of plant raw materials – dried biomass of callus cultures of medicinal plant cells: Scutellaria Baicalensis, Potentilla alba, Schisandra, Platanthera bifolia, growing in the Siberian federal district, are optimized. The variable parameters were the duration of extraction, the temperature regime, and the ratio of the volume of organic solvent to the amount of dried plant sample-hydromodule. Acetone and was used as an organic solvent to produce extracts of Scutellaria Baicalensis and Platanthera bifolia, 70% ethanol – extracts of Schisandra and Potentilla alba. The parameters were optimized according to the maximum yield of the dry extract. It was found that the optimal parameters for the extraction of the BAS complex from the dried callus of the medicinal plant Scutellaria Baicalensis are the temperature of 50°C for the duration of the process of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10, white Potentilla alba – the temperature of 40°C for the duration of the process of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 20, Schisandra – the temperature of the process of 40°C for the duration of 60 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10, Platanthera bifolia – the temperature of 50°C for the duration of the extraction of 120 minutes and the hydromodule of 1 : 10. The extraction method described in this article and the optimized process parameters can be used as new tools for the complete analysis of plant raw materials used in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS USING GIS-TECHNOLOGIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF LISINSKY SCIENTIFIC-EXPERIMENTAL FORESTRY

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
Никифоров ◽  
Aleksandr Nikiforov ◽  
Никифорова ◽  
Antonina Nikiforova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Stinging Nettle ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Labrador Tea ◽  
Growing Conditions

Harvesting of medicinal-plant raw materials is one of the most promising areas for Russian producers, the market of which is characterized as developing one. Research on spatial analysis and definition of biological stock of medicinal-plant raw materials is made on the example of Lisinsky scientific-experimental forestry. The following medicinal plants: lily of the valley (Convallária majalis L.), St. John's wort (Hypéricum perforátum L.), valerian (Valeriána officinális L.), wood sorrel (Óxalis acetosella L.), Labrador tea (Ledum palustre L.), stinging nettle (Urtíca dióica L.) are widespread on the territory of the forestry and have potential commercial value. Data on stocks and territorial location of the medicinal plants were obtained with the use of geoinformation technologies. Biological stocks of medicinal raw materials is defined by the regional table for average long-term yield based on the types of growing conditions, forest types and taxonomic characteristics of plants. If we consider the maximum yield of one specific type of forest, we can say that Labrador tea and stinging nettle has the greatest mass. In the result, it was determined that harvesting of medicinal plants in the territory of forestry is possible for all the considered types of medicinal plants, which will increase the volumes of harvesting and storage of valuable raw materials. Inventory information and location of medicinal plants will enable to optimize the choice of the routes for the priority procurement of raw materials. Using GIS technology the total biological stock of the types of medicinal plants in Lisinsky scientific-experimental forestry was determined. Spatial analysis allowed determining the areas with the highest yield of medicinal plants. Geographic information systems can be used as a tool for monitoring, inventory, protection and organization of the industrial harvesting of medicinal raw materials. The developed technology can be used to determine the yield of mushrooms and wild berries.

scholarly journals The content of macro- and microelements in plants of the genus Artemisia under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-209
Author(s):  
O. A. Коrablova ◽  
D. B. Rakhmetov ◽  
M. I. Shanaida ◽  
O. M. Vergun ◽  
Т. S. Bagatska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Artemisia Dracunculus ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries

Purpose. To determine mineral composition of plants of species of the genus Artemisia (A. dracunculus L., A. abrotanum L. and A. argyi H.Lév. & Vaniot) to determine the possibility of their safe use in the food and pharmaceutical industries of Ukraine. Methods. X‑ray fluorescence method for determining the elemental composition of plant raw materials. Results. The content of mineral elements in plants of the genus Artemisia was determined depending on their ability to absorb elements from the soil and accumulate in the roots and organs of the aerial part was determined. The quantitative content of 21 macro- and microelements was established, and some peculiarities of their migration and distribution in the soil – roots – plant system were revealed. In particular, the aerial part of the studied plants contains K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn, which are the most important elements in the life of the plant organism. The content of mesoelements Ca and S is quite high. The amount of toxic elements Pb, Sr and Zr in plants is insignificant. Elements K and S accumulate in the aerial part. The content of elements in the aerial part of plants by decreasing their concentration can be represented in the form of the following series: for Artemisia dracunculus – S> K> Ca> Cl> Fe> Sr> Zn> Mn> Cu> Zr> Rb> Br> Cr; for A. abrotanum – K> Ca> S> Cl> Fe> Zn> Sr> Mn> Cu> Br> Cr> Co> Zr> Rb> Ni; for A. argyi – K> Ca> S> Fe> Cl> Sr> Zn> Mn> Co> Zr> Cu> Rb> Br> Se. The content of toxic elements in the studied plants was lower than the maximum allowable concentrations for plant raw materials and food. Conclusions. For the first time under conditions of introduction in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine in the plants Artemisia dracunculus, A. abrotanum and A. argyi the content of macro- and microelements, which are directly related to the metabolism of biologically active compounds, was determined. The peculiarities of their distribution by plant organs during the transition from soil to aboveground mass have been clarified. The obtained results can be used to evaluate and compare the quality of plant raw materials of the genus Artemisia, to determine the pharmacological properties of these plants associated with some elements of the mineral composition, and their use in the medical and food industries. The obtained data have both scientific and practical significance in the selection of economically valuable plant species for the enrichment of the cultivated flora of Ukraine.

scholarly journals Members of the family Lamiaceae Lindl. as sources of medicinal plant raw materials to obtain neurotropic drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-28
Author(s):  
Е. V. Zvezdina ◽  
J. V. Dayronas ◽  
I. I. Bochkareva ◽  
I. N. Zilfikarov ◽  
E. Yu. Babaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Neurotropic Activity ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
The Family ◽  
Active Substances

The aim of this work is to review and analyze the data published in the modern scientific literature obtained in pharmacological, pharmacognostic and pharmacotechnological studies of various types of raw materials obtained from members of the family Lamiaceae L., which were sources of biologically active substances, pharmaceutical substances, total extracts and the drugs – with a neurotropic activity.Materials and methods. For the review, we used the information of scientific literature from open and accessible sources of the last twenty years, located in the scientific and technical libraries of institutions, as well as in electronic databases: Elibrary, PubMed, Scopus, Cyberleninka, GoogleAcademy, J-Stage. The search inquiries were: the species of the family Lamiaceae (Russian and Latin), the samples of medicinal plant materials based on them as well as the names of the drugs and biologically active substances obtained from these raw materials.Results. When working with the sources of scientific information, the main attention was paid to pharmacologic tests performed during the studies on laboratory animals and proving the presence of neurotropic activity in the studied objects – essential oils and extracts from plant raw materials: aqueous, aqueous alcoholic, and methanol ones. It has been established that the potential of the therapeutic and preventive application of pharmaceutical substances and drugs based on the medicinal plant materials obtained from 30 genera members of the Lamiaceae family, remains unrealized despite the close attention of various researchers.Conclusion. This review comprised 71 species from 30 genera. Despite the significant level of the previous study presented in the analysis of this publication, an enormous potential of this family’s species remains unexplored. In the future, they can be of both – pharmacognostic and practical interest, in particular, in creation of new medicinal preparations of the neurotropic action based on them.

scholarly journals Validation of the HPLC-UV Method for Quantitative Determination of Steroid Sapogenin Diosgenin from Hay Fenugreek Seeds, Trigonella Foenum-graecum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-114
Author(s):  
A. E. Sukhanov ◽  
A. N. Stavrianidi ◽  
E. D. Kubasova ◽  
A. S. Panasyuk ◽  
O. V. Buyuklinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

Introduction. Modern pharmacognostic research is aimed at searching for plant biologically active individual compounds (hereinafter referred to as RBAIS) isolated from plant extracts.Aim. Validation of HPLC-UV quantitative determination of sapogenin diosgenin in plant extracts from fenugreek seeds.Materials and methods. The object of study was raw materials-fenugreek seeds produced as medicinal plant raw materials by LLC «Sage» (Irkutsk). Validation of the method was carried out according to the parameters: specificity, linearity, correctness, precision in accordance with the requirements of SP XIV. One series of medicinal plant raw materials was used for the analysis, such as serial number – 010117, release date – 15 february 2017.Results and discussion. Validation characteristics were determined and their compliance with the necessary acceptance criteria was experimentally confirmed.Conclusion. It is established that the developed method of identification and quantitative determination of diosgenin in fenugreek seed extracts by HPLC-UV is correct, precise, specific and linear in the analytical field.

scholarly journals Analysis of yield and essential oils formation on clary sowings in the conditions of the south of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
V. Ushkarenko ◽  
V. Chaban ◽  
A. Chaban
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
The South ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

The aim. The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of growing musk sage in Ukraine, the use of medicinal plant raw materials of guaranteed quality, as well as the principles and rules of good practice for the production of herbal medicines in accordance with GMP requirements, which highlight the requirements of standardization for medicinal plant raw materials and basic indicators of their quality. Material and methods of research. The rates of mineral fertilizer application under the plow are determined and the basic tillage of the soil is carried out at a depth of 20–22 and 28–30 cm. The determination of the sowing dates of muscat sage, the width of its rows, the terms of harvesting raw materials has been determined. To maintain moisture in the soil during the responsible period of development of plants, we conducted research on the use of Radchenko harrow with breeding segments from the scythe of the unit ZhVN-6, which well weed out weeds from the soil and retained moisture in the soil at 75 % N.V. Results of researches. The conducted researches have established that products of photosynthesis in Muscat sage are deposited in the root roots, in which up to 35 % of sugars are accumulated in the winter, mainly in the form of sucrose. If during the passage of the first phase of tempering (October) in the rod root there are slight changes in the content of sucrose, then with a decrease in air temperature to minus 8–10 °C, there is a sharp increase in the content of sucrose. So, if in October in the root roots contained 16,55 sucrose, then in January – 28,19. In February, the amount of sucrose is reduced to 22.58. At this time, the content of monosaccharides falls to 1.40 versus 12.75 % – in October. In the usual cultivation of the cultivator KRN-4.2, the acclimativeness of the weed plants was up to 40, when applied technology with Radchenko harrows up to 15 %. Discussion. Yes, E. Tkacheva notes that this depends not only on the request of the companies-purchasers, but also on the term of storage of raw materials. The point is that the way of use of medicinal plants depends on the characteristics of biologically active substances that are contained in plants. The content of biologically active substances in plants and in their various organs is inconsistent, depending on the conditions of the place of cultivation, time of day, weather conditions and a number of other factors that are no less important. Conclusions. Thus, for the first time in the conditions of irrigation of the south of Ukraine during the three years of sowing, agronomic techniques for growing muscat sultana, norms for introducing mineral fertilizers for basic tillage, plowing depths, seedlings, and their aftermath to form the phenological phases of plant development were studied at different years of life on the yield of raw materials, and the content of essential oil in it. Key words: Muscat sage, depth of plowing, dates of sowing, fertilization, row spacing, harvesting terms.

scholarly journals OBTAINING PLANT MATERIALS SIBERIAN IRIS (IRIS SIBIRICA L.) BY METHODS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 235-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Людмила (Lyudmila) Ивановна (Ivanovna) Тихомирова (Tikhomirova) ◽  
Наталья (Natal'ya) Григорьевна (Grigor'yevna) Базарнова (Bazarnova) ◽  
Татьяна (Tat'yana) Николаевна (Nikolayevna) Ильичева (Ilicheva) ◽  
Юрий (Yuriy) Цатурович (Tsaturovich) Мартиросян (Martirosian) ◽  
Ирина (Irina) Владимировна (Vladimirovna) Афанасенкова (Afanasenkova)
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Large Scale Cultivation

Methods of biotechnology allow to obtain high-quality medicinal plant raw materials in a short time, in large quantities without destroying natural reserves. Biotechnological approaches such as aeroponic technologies have the potential for large-scale cultivation of iris plants and production of secondary metabolites. Microclonal reproduction makes it possible to obtain a healthy planting material in the required amount, regardless of the time of year. The combination of these two technological approaches will allow to develop biotechnology of year-round production of medicinal plant raw materials of Siberian iris. The study determined the content of 6-benzylaminopurine on the stage actually micropropagation for the formation of the greatest number of adventitious shoots of optimal length. The required content of BAP in the nutrient medium for I. sibirica was 2.5–5.0 µM. The introduction of cytokinins in the nutrient medium together with auxins, L-glutamine and adenine sulfate 100 mg/l, as well as the alternation of low and high concentrations of cytokinin enhanced the regenerative effect of BAP. With year-round cultivation of regenerative plants in aeroponic conditions, the amount of biomass of plant raw materials I. sibirica for this method was about 31.2 kg / m2 of crude weight in one year. It is established that intact plants and regenerative plants I. sibirica, obtained on the basis of the developed biotechnology, had identical group composition of biologically active substances. It is revealed that the sum of flavonoids in the leaves of hydroponic iris plants exceeded the content in the leaves of intact plants by 3 times, and the content of essential oil in regenerate plants and hydroponic leaves of the Sterch variety but higher by 26% compared with the leaves of intact plants. Aqueous and alcoholic extracts of I. sibirica showed antiviral activity against herpes virus. With low toxicity, both intact plants and regenerative plants had a relatively high selectivity index.

scholarly journals Investigation of Walnut Herbal Drug Raw Material

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
N. V. Chebyshev ◽  
A. V. Strelyaeva ◽  
D. I. Lezhava ◽  
A. N. Luferov ◽  
N. V. Bobkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Alcohol Extract ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Active Substances

Introduction. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is a medicinal plant containing a large number of biologically active substances. A number of authors propose to use walnut leaves as medicinal raw materials, in which juglone, flavonoids, tannins, ascorbic acid and other substances are identified. Currently, a standardization technique for this type of raw material has been developed and proposed. However, the medicinal plant walnut can be a source of other types of raw materials, such as milky-waxed walnuts, walnut bark, and walnut partitions. These types of medicinal raw materials contain a large number of biologically active substances and have a great potential for pharmacological activity. Therefore, the study with the subsequent standardization of medicinal plant material of walnut fruits in the stage of milk-wax ripeness and walnut bark is relevant.Aim. The aim of the study is to study the external signs, microscopy of raw walnut bark and walnut fruit in the stage of milky-wax ripeness and chemical composition of alcohol extract from these types of raw materials.Materials and methods. Chromato-mass spectrometry and TLC were used in the work.Results and discussion. When describing external signs and microscopy, diagnostic signs of both whole and crushed raw materials, and powder of walnut bark, and fruits of walnut in the stage of milky-wax ripeness were revealed. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials walnut bark is a clear brown liquid. Alcohol extract obtained from medicinal plant raw materials of walnut fruit at the stage of milky-wax ripeness is a transparent, green-brown liquid with a fragrant odor.Conclusion. Gallic acid was identified by TLC in walnut bark. Chromato-mass spectrometry in alcohol extraction from the fruit of walnut in the stage of milky-wax maturity was able to identify 17 compounds belonging to different classes of biologically active substances. Sugars, flavonoids, coumarin phenolic compounds, organic acids were identified. In alcoholic extraction from the bark of a walnut, marker compounds have been determined, the combination of which makes it possible to quickly identify this type of raw material using chromatography-mass spectrometry. 

Kinetics of Extraction of Biologically Active Substances from Medicinal Plant Raw Materials using Different Techniques

2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Milevskaya ◽  
T. S. Butylskaya ◽  
Z. A. Temerdashev ◽  
M. A. Statkus ◽  
N. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Active Substances

scholarly journals Pulsatilla alba: analytical review of spread, chemical composition, biological activity and medical application

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Anna Krvavych ◽  
Nataliia Reviakina ◽  
Lesia Zhurakhivska ◽  
Iryna Hubytska ◽  
Roksolana Konechna
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Medical Application ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

The object of analytical study is the medicinal plant Pulsatilla alba. This species is rare, the stocks of herbal raw materials are limited, and there are no Pulsatilla alba-based medicines on the Ukrainian market. The aim of study was to analyze and summarize data on the range, content of biologically active compounds and the spectrum of use in pharmacy and medicine Pulsatilla alba. Materials and methods. Literary and electronic sources of information on the distribution, chemical composition and pharmacological activity of Pulsatilla alba. Results. Pulsatilla alba is a plant of the Ranunculaceae family, characterized by a high content of biologically active organic compounds, namely organic acids, traces of alkaloids, vitamins, resinous and tannins, about 20 different macro-and micronutrients, essential oils, γ-lactones, triterpenoids, sterols, chelidonic acid, coumarins, as well as giving it protection status make it an interesting object for research. Analysis of scientific publications revealed that plants of the family Ranunculaceae, in particular, Pulsatilla alba contain a significant amount of biologically active substances, have numerous pharmacological activities, have long been used in folk medicine, and is a promising raw material for the production of phytopreparations. The volume of processing of medicinal plant raw materials in Ukraine in one year is from 5 to 6 thousand tons, the amount of raw materials for export reaches more than 3 thousand tons per year. About 1,000 tons of raw materials consumed in Ukraine are imported and 1,500 tons are domestically produced. Conclusions. Therefore, as populations of rare low-competitive species of the Ranunculaceae family are particularly endangered, displaced by tree, shrub and highly competitive trivial violent herbaceous species due to the widespread use of Pulsatilla alba in folk medicine as an antitumor, hypnotic, hypnotic, antifungal, antifungal research which should be continued

DEVELOPMENT OF THE COMPOSITION AND TECHNOLOGY OF SEDATIVE FILMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Zamakhaeva E.A. ◽  
Oleshko O.A. ◽  
Yaborova O.V. ◽  
Smirnova M.M. ◽  
Kuritsyn A.V.
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Substances

Herbal sedatives have been popular for several centuries, and the accumulated knowledge that has been passed down from generation to generation laid the foundation for the development of traditional medicine, and over time for such a science as herbal medicine. Herbal sedatives have a wide range of therapeutic effects, are well tolerated and have no serious adverse reactions, and are not addictive. According to statistical data on the incidence of the population by main classes and individual diseases for 2010-2018, the number of patients with diseases of the nervous system is growing annually, along with this, the need for sedative drugs is increasing. In this regard, the search and development of effective and safe medicines based on medicinal plant raw materials is an urgent area [1, 2]. Pharmaceutical infusions and decoctions, according to the order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 751n dated October 26, 2015, have a shelf life of 2 days, which significantly limits the possibility of their use. The production of films based on aqueous extracts from medicinal plant raw materials will make it possible to obtain more stable drugs, in addition, films have a number of advantages over other dosage forms. Films containing biologically active substances of plant origin have received the unofficial name phytofilms, which are a type of transdermal therapeutic systems. Phytofilms are hydrophilic systems that swell when in contact with water (or biological fluid), absorbing it in a certain amount, which leads to the dissolution of biologically active substances. They differ from synthetic polymeric therapeutic systems in that phytofilms are made in the form of matrix transdermal therapeutic systems on carriers of natural origin (gelatin, collagen, sodium alginate, agar-agar, etc.), which makes them safer [3, 4].

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