scholarly journals The methods of confronting the pressures and their relationship with the grief among the sons of martyrs of the war on Gaza - Palestine: أساليب مواجهة الضغوط وعلاقتها بالحزن لدى أبناء شهداءالحرب على غزة - فلسطين

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Alyan - Emad Hanoun Al Kahlout
Keyword(s):  
Gender Difference ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Stressful Events ◽  
Coping With Stress ◽  
Adjustment Method ◽  
Preparatory Schools ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact

The study aimed to identify the methods of coping with the most common pressures and to detect the level of grief and differences in each of the methods of coping with stress and sadness depending on the gender difference of the sample, and to verify the difference in methods of coping with pressure according to the level of grief and the impact of interaction between sex and grief on methods to confront the pressure of the sample Gaza Governorates. The study sample consisted of (260) children of martyrs registered in preparatory schools in the Gaza Strip in Palestine, 122 of whom were males and 138 of them were between the ages of 12 and 16 years. (Carver et al., 1989), and the Gauges of Grief (Faschingbauer, 1987). The results of the study showed that the level of grief was 72.7% in the sample. The religious adjustment method came first with 86.7% of the sample, followed by planning with a relative weight of 76.8% and a positive re-evaluation of 72.6%. In contrast, the method of ridicule comes at the end of the list of methods used by the respondents in facing the stressful events with a relative weight of 48.4%, followed by the behavioral withdrawal with a relative weight of 54.3% and the denial of a relative weight of 56.5%. And preoccupation with thinking in favor of the high of grief. The results did not find a statistically significant effect of the interaction between sex and grief on the methods of coping with pressure in the sample.

scholarly journals Comparative survival of cancer patients requiring Israeli permits to exit the Gaza Strip for health care: A retrospective cohort study from 2008 to 2017

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251058
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bouquet ◽  
Francesco Barone-Adesi ◽  
Mohamed Lafi ◽  
Kathryn Quanstrom ◽  
Federica Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Primary Analysis ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact

Background Gaza has been under land, sea, and aerial closure for 13 years, during which time Palestinian patients from Gaza have been required to obtain Israeli-issued permits to access health facilities in the West Bank (including east Jerusalem), as well as in Israel and Jordan. Specific groups, like cancer patients, have a high need for permits due to lack of services in Gaza. The approval rate for patient permits to exit Gaza dropped from 94% in 2012 to 54% in 2017. We aimed to assess the impact of access restrictions due to permit denials/delays on all-cause mortality for cancer patients from Gaza referred for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Methods This study matched 17,072 permit applications for 3,816 cancer patients referred for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2017 with referrals data for the same period and mortality data from 1 January 2008 to 30 June 2018. We carried out separate analyses by period of first application (2008–14; 2015–17), in light of varying access to Egypt during these times. Primary analysis compared survival of patients according to their first referral decision (approved versus denied/delayed) using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression. Findings Mortality in patients unsuccessful in permit applications from 2015–17 was significantly higher than mortality among successful patients, with a hazard ratio of 1·45 (95% CI: 1·19–1·78, p<0.001), after adjusting for age, sex, type of procedure, and type of cancer. There was no significant difference in mortality risk for the two groups in the 2008–2014 period. Interpretation Limitations to patient access due to unsuccessful applications for permits to exit the Gaza Strip had a significant impact on mortality for cancer patients applying for chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in the period 2015–17. The substantially higher number of annual unsuccessful permit applications from 2015, combined with severely limited alternatives to access chemotherapy and radiotherapy during these years, may be important factors to explain the difference in the impact of permits delays/denials between the two study periods.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicians’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Smoking Cessation Management in the Gaza Strip

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Palestinian Territories ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact

Background: Despite its negative effects, approximately 23% of Palestinians (≥ 18 years) smoke cigarettes. Studies have shown physicians to be an important channel for smoking cessation intervention. This investigation examines physicians’ smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors in the Gaza strip (Palestinian Territories). Methods and Findings: A convenience sample of 154 physicians in medical and surgical units took part in this investigation (87.7% response rate). The data show that 37.8% of physicians in Gaza smoke, and most of them about 72% smoke in the hospital’s public spaces, thereby implicitly giving public approval for smoking. While 82.4% reported that they advise patients who smoke to stop, the majority (59%) also believe that their own smoking habits negatively influence the impact of that advice. Unfortunately, our survey showed that physicians’ knowledge levels towards smoking addiction and management were lower than expected (e.g. only 34% knew that nicotine dependence is a psychiatric disorder that necessitates treatment). The physicians in this study believed that the primary barriers to failure of their patients’ smoking cessation were the perceived lack of will (81.3%), and the strength of patients’ addiction (67.9%). Moreover, (61%) of physicians did not spend enough time to convince their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: Smoking is common among Gaza-strip physicians, and unfortunately, most of them smoke in the hospital’s public spaces. Many obstacles face the smoking cessation program that some physicians linked it to patients, and others linked it to the health-care system. Furthermore, smokers in Gaza receive poor care regarding assessment, referral, and management of their smoking habit.

Climate change and its impact on domestic water consumption in Sub-urban regions in the Gaza Strip

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahdy Jarboo ◽  
Husam Al-Najar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Domestic Water Consumption ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to identify the priorities on water sector planning. The priorities are identified by comparing the climate change impact on water consumption and the impact of using domestic water illegally to irrigate the urban agricultural holdings in suburban areas. Design/methodology/approach – Metered water consumption in summer and winter in both urban and suburban areas was studied in Rafah city. A backward chronological linear model of climate change (precipitation and temperature) influence on water consumption was developed using software STATISTICA 10. The developed statistical relation was used to predict the impact of various climate change scenarios for domestic water consumption. Hence, four climate change scenarios were hypothesized – an increase in temperature by 1 and 20°C and a reduction in the rainfall by 10 and 20 per cent, respectively. Findings – The most influential climate change scenario was the increase of temperature by 20°C, which caused an increase of 1.4 per cent on the average domestic water consumption compared to the current value. The hypothesized reduction of 20 per cent in precipitation caused a negligible increase in water consumption by 0.1 per cent from the current value. Urban agriculture and current practice of using municipal water to irrigate cultivated urban holdings have a significant negative influence on domestic water consumption. The aforementioned practice led to a high percentage of unaccounted for water (UFW) of 33, 38 and 45 per cent for the years 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Practical implications – The concerned decision-makers should consider the right track in prioritizing dilemmas for planning water sector in suburban areas. Originality/value – This research could be considered the first of its kind because impacts of urban agriculture and climate change on domestic water consumption have never been previously considered in the Gaza Strip.

scholarly journals Conflict and cooperation in the age of COVID-19: the Israeli–Palestinian case

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Lehrs
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Politics ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Palestinian Authority ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Disaster Event ◽  
The Impact

Abstract How do disasters influence conflict and diplomacy in conflict areas? The scholarship shows that while they can provide opportunities for cooperation and ‘disaster diplomacy’ between parties to a conflict, they can also intensify tension and hostility. This article uses the Israeli–Palestinian conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic as a case study, exploring the impact of the crisis on relations between the rival parties and examining the conditions under which an ongoing pandemic might lead to either conflict or cooperation in a conflict area. The research is based on within-case analysis, comparing three conflict arenas: Israel–Palestinian Authority relations in the West Bank; relations between Israel and the Palestinian community in East Jerusalem; and Israel–Hamas government relations in the Gaza strip. The article outlines the possibilities and limitations of ‘disaster diplomacy’ in intractable conflicts and contributes to the literature by identifying how different contexts, relations and actors in each conflict arena affect the development of patterns of conflict and cooperation with regard to the pandemic. The study analyses the factors that shape how the pandemic affects the conflict, and the COVID-19-related diplomacy, in each sub-case, with attention to three main variables: the structure of the conflict arena, domestic politics and the developments in the pandemic. The analysis addresses the unique conditions of an ongoing global pandemic, as opposed to an isolated disaster event, and traces the changing impact of the pandemic on the conflict and on disaster-related cooperation at various stages.

scholarly journals The role of midwives in improving breastfeeding practices in protracted crises: The Gaza Strip example

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Iellamo ◽  
Emily Monaghan ◽  
Samar AL Moghany ◽  
Jonathan Latham ◽  
Nihal Nassereddin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Service Training ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: The protection, promotion and support of breastfeeding is the most effective intervention to prevent child morbidity and mortality in all contexts. During the Palestine-Israel conflict that started in the middle of the 20th century, healthcare services are understaffed and lack basic resources, with frequent power cuts and stock-outs of essential drugs and equipment. This case study seeks to answer the questions: (1) How does the protracted crisis in Gaza affect the breastfeeding practices of the most vulnerable population; and (2) What is the role that midwives can play in improving breastfeeding practices?A mixed method (qualitative and quantitative) study was used to collect data. A total of 1044 respondents had a child less than 24 months at the time of the study. A total of 62.75 percent practice early initiation of breastfeeding and 42 percent confirmed that their new-borns were given liquids other than breast milk during the first three days of life. Fifty percent of mothers addressed breast milk insufficiency by drinking additional fluids and 40 percent by using infant formula. Discussion:This study confirms the need to a) implement the IYCF-E operational guidance in the Gaza strip and b) review the pre-service and in-service training for midwives. For vulnerable populations in humanitarian contexts, the impact of this cannot be underestimated. Conducting research in humanitarian settings is particularly challenging. Our experience included integration and linkage with international organizations security officers on the ground, co-ordination of activities with authorities and communities, regular supportive supervision during data collection, allocation of buffer days and geographical areas and in-country and remote assistance to data collection teams Conclusions:This research focuses on a protracted emergency in insecure populated areas. The unpredictable security situation meant that the team adopted a flexible approach during data collection. Lessons learned throughout this process include the importance of a) allocating additional research time, to account for potential interruption b) daily coordination with security officers to ensure safe access to localities c) identification of extra sites, in case escalation of conflict d) training of additional enumerators in case conflict escalation e) negotiation with authorities to ensure compliance with requirements.

scholarly journals The Impact of Litigation Risks on The Reputation of Auditors and Audit Profession (An Empirical Study on External Audit Offices in the Gaza Strip)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-130
Author(s):  
Abd El Rahman MOHAMMED SULAIMAN RASHWAN
Keyword(s):  
Review Process ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
External Audit ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Time Required ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

The study aims to rationalize the scientific study by identifying the impact of litigation on the auditors' reputation and auditing profession. To answer the questions and test the hypotheses of the research, the researcher relied on descriptive analytical method in clarifying and clarifying the theoretical aspect through previous studies, And the testing of hypotheses using the statistical program (SPSS). The questionnaire was used as a research tool, and was distributed after evaluation and arbitration by a number of specialists on the sample of the sample of the auditors working in the offices of the external audit operating in the Gaza Strip (80) auditor. The results of the field study also showed that the audit offices operating in the Gaza Strip are seeking to conduct the audit process with a high level of accuracy and credibility, in order to maintain their professional reputation in the services market of the auditing profession, increase confidence in the performance of the auditors and the results of the audit process, To the lawsuits for negligence and negligence during the implementation of the review process. The study also recommended that external auditors should not accept a review process that does not have the time required to perform it adequately and effectively or undergo customer or management pressure to expedite the completion of the audit process, which negatively affects the auditor's performance in detecting errors, fraud or manipulation of financial statements. Judicial grounds on grounds of negligence and negligence.

scholarly journals Impact of Natural Disasters on Water and Soil in the Northern Gaza Strip، Case Study Umm Al-Nasr Village "Bedouin Village": أثر الكوارث الطبيعية على المياه والتربة في شمال قطاع غزة حالة دراسية قرية أم النصر "القرية البدوية"

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaa Mahmoud Muslim- Mohammed Mohammed Al-Mughair- Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
World Health ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The People ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The study aimed to focus on the suffering of the people of Umm al-Nasr village by studying the impact of disasters on water and soil in the village of Umm al-Nasr، and to identify the levels of pollution that hit the groundwater in the village، And analysis of reports of samples of the soil that was bombed by the Israeli occupation in the northern Gaza Strip during the war in 2014 with the concentration on the soil and water of the village of Umm al-Nasser، and then to clarify the situation in which the agricultural land that was polluted in the village. The researcher followed the descriptive analytical approach to the sources and reports issued by the ministries and official bodies related to the effects of the environment and scientific studies in the northern Gaza Strip، The results of the analysis of 14 samples of the soil in the northern Gaza Strip، which focus a report on contamination with heavy metals (Ni، Cr، Cu، Mn، Co، Pb) by comparing the standard of the World Health. Analysis Demonstrated improvement in filtration process and improved quality of wastewater treatment despite the presence of contamination in some of the results،Such as nitrates and chlorides are greater than the limits allowed in some wells and the results of ammonia is greater than the permissible limit. The study recommended the need to address environmental life-threatening disasters in the village of Umm al-Nasr، which include pollution of water and soil in scientific ways، as well as adopting the methodology of sustainable development goals for water resources to increase the proportion of wastewater treatment and to overcome the percentage of water losses exceeding 50%،It is also necessary to work on a comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts، including the impact of war on environmental elements in the Gaza Strip، and to take appropriate scientific measures to address the risks.

scholarly journals Living under siege: resilience, hopelessness, and psychological distress among Palestinian students in the Gaza Strip

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Alessandro Pepe ◽  
Marwan Diab ◽  
Yasser Abu Jamey ◽  
Ashraf Kagee
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Moving from an approach oriented to adaptation and functioning, the current paper explored the network of cumulative associations between the effects of the siege and resilience on mental health. Methods We sought to explore the impact of the siege on psychological distress (anxiety, depression, and stress) and the moderating effect of resilience and hopelessness in a sample of 550 Palestinian university students. We hypothesized that the siege effect would impact psychological distress so that the more people were affected by the siege, the more mental symptoms of common mental disorders they would report. We also expected that the siege would negatively impact both resilience and participants' hopelessness. Results Findings showed that higher scores on the scale measuring effect of the siege were associated with hopelessness. Furthermore, living under siege compromised participants’ resilience. The more the siege affected individuals, the lower resilience were protecting participants mental health and the more hopelessness was exposing them to anxiety, stress, and depression. Conclusion Our findings draw attention to how the ongoing violation of human rights influences people's mental health in Gaza. Implications for clinicians and policymakers are discussed.

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