scholarly journals Biographical Narratives in Teaching: a Study of Professors on Postgraduate Courses

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ana Maria Costa Silva ◽  
Miriam Aparício
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Adult Learning Theory ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Complex Construction ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Identification Strategy

Literature and research have shown that professional development constitutes an essential dimension in constructing both work and professional identity. An important aspect in such development is training. In the field of adult education, different authors (Pratt, 1993; Mezirow, 1985; Schön, 1996; Silva, 2007) emphasize the importance of placing trainees at the center of the learning and cognitive processes and within their corresponding social and historical contexts. Training is supported by a comprehensive adult learning theory. Therefore, the acquired knowledge is not only the result of an external and objective reality but also of a complex construction in which the appropriation of experience plays a relevant role. This paper reveals the findings obtained through biographical narratives in a five-year work program with teachers at different levels (from pre-school to higher education) on postgraduate courses. The core issue is the importance of biographical narratives, as an identification strategy for personal experience, knowledge construction and professional identity. This strategy provided the opportunity for recognition of practical experience, as a provider of learning, as well as his/her own authorship, which are important conditions in the understanding of professional identity.

“Don’t praise the day before the sunset”: Paremiology in the study of depressiveness

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110257
Author(s):  
Mariusz Wołońciej ◽  
Michał Wilczewski ◽  
Shulamith Kreitler
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Personal Experience ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Narrative Structures ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Different Levels

Psychology and psychiatry are in a constant search for an adequate model of affective disorders. Psychology has classified depression as a mood disorder, but a growing literature links mental disorders with socioculturally relevant ways in which people experience and express distress. With this study, we link depression with proverbs as omnipresent narrative structures and mini-theories that help people interpret reality and categorize personal experience. Proverbs are omnipresent narrative structures that describe, explain, and prescribe human behavior. Hence, we offer a paremiological approach to better understand the minds of the depressed. Our tenet is that proverbs may also reflect people’s mental states and attitudes by conveying different levels of optimism versus pessimism. We evidence empirically that proverbs convey optimistic and pessimistic attitudes and, thus, have the capacity to capture peoples’ mental states. Moreover, we show that this capacity is limited for people with high depressiveness. Finally, we discuss how proverbial thinking links collective experience and wisdom imprinted in proverbs with an individual’s mental states, which has important research and practical implications.

scholarly journals Developing a Professionalism Manual for Nurse Managers to Improve Their Perception Regarding Professionalism and Professional Identity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110261
Author(s):  
Marwa H. Ageiz ◽  
Hayam A. Elshrief ◽  
Huda M. Bakeer
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Nurse Managers ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Performance Review ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Assessment Questionnaire

Background Developing a professional identity is rooted in the dimensions of professionalism and professional development. Moreover, the need for teaching professionalism has a mutual relationship with the formation of a desirable professional identity. Aim The current study aimed at developing a professionalism manual for the nurse managers to improve their perception regarding professionalism and professional identity. Design Quasi-experimental research design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up was used. Setting The study was conducted at two different hospitals; Menoufia University hospital and Al-helal Insurance hospital, Menoufia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects The participants included all nurse managers at different levels from the two different hospitals ( n =100). Tools: tool 1: Professionalism Questionnaire and tool 2: Professional Identity Assessment Questionnaire were used to collect data. Results there was a statistically significant improvement in professionalism perception and professional identity level immediately after administering the professionalism manual and after three months in the follow-up phase than the pre-test phase. Additionally, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between two variables of the study at the post and follow-up phases, but not significant at the pre-test phase. Conclusion the professionalism manual was effective in improving nurse managers’ perceptions regarding professionalism and professional identity. Recommendations: Incorporate the attributes of professionalism that were included in the professionalism manual as a guide for the performance review processes of nurses.

The Political Origins of Professional Identity: Lawyers, Judges, and Prosecutors in Taiwan’s State Transformation

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-fang HSU
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Judicial Independence ◽  
The Political ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Abuse Of Power ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
Core Identity ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Party State

AbstractWhere does the legal profession’s identity originate from? How do we explain the intra-professional variations, as multiple legal professions diverge in their political orientations? This paper argues that the legal profession critically develops their core identity resisting incumbent rule when the state undergoes fundamental power reconfiguration. It is their political position as opposed to power in a critical juncture of state transformation that determines the legal profession’s collective ideal of who they are and what actions they take. Drawing on 133 interviews with Taiwanese judges, lawyers, and prosecutors, extensive fieldwork, and archival data up to the 1990s, this paper demonstrates how democratization shapes professional identity. As respective professions experienced different levels and models of authoritarian containment, they took separate trajectories to challenge the Kuomintang’s party-state and pledge to different normative commitments. Taiwanese judges categorically defend judicial independence, lawyers advocate for people’s rights, and prosecutors marshal under justice to check abuse of power.

scholarly journals Characteristics of emotional state and cognitive processes in patients with ischemic stroke in acute period

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (24) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Kotsyubinskaya ◽  
A. V. Kazakov ◽  
N. Yu. Safonova
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Therapeutic Process ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Anterior Cortex ◽  
Acute Period ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Currently, studies aimed at assessing the emotional state and cognitive processes associated with the processing of emotionally determined information in patients with ischemic stroke, as well as finding the relationship between them are particularly relevant, mainly for the subsequent optimization of the therapeutic process. In order to identify the features of the emotional state and cognitive processes, a group of patients with ischemic stroke in the acute period in the amount of 25 people was examined. It was established that in patients with a lesion in the anterior cortex, depressive states in the acute period of stroke are more pronounced. Patients successfully reproduce emotionally significant words in comparison with neutral words; an interrelation between the level of anxiety and depression was found, which indicates that these states are comorbid. But, in turn, the relationship of the severity of anxiety and depression with the cognitive processes of recognition and reproduction, as well as differences in mnestic and gnostic activity in patients with different levels of anxiety and depression were not identified. After the treatment with Semax an improvement was noted.

scholarly journals ROLE POSITIONS OF THE TEACHER AS A FACTOR OF FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE DOCTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
A. RAZUMNA
Keyword(s):  
Professional Identity ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
Relevant Role ◽  
Personal Approach

The article reveals the influence of the role positions of "mature personality", "qualified specialist", "coach (effective student)", chosen by the teacher-doctor in cooperation with medical students, on the formation of their personal-professional (metaprofessional), professional and educational professional identity. It is stated that professional identity is a stabilizer of personal, professional, developmental educational and professional orientation of the future specialist, is a mental source of building the image of the ideal self. It is noted that in the motivational aspect and improvement of certain own professionally important characteristics and competencies, attempts to meet the socialization norms and modern requirements of the professional community, to which he a priori belongs. The formation of the student's identity in the educational institution occurs in the processes of identification of the teacher as a reference person, self-identification through imitation of his important traits and role positions, reflection of the teacher's assessments of his role manifestations. It is shown that the actualization by the teacher of certain role positions in interaction with students gives them the opportunity to self-identify as individuals, future medical professionals, effective students through the vicar's mastery of specific practical actions. Facilitation support by the teacher of students' actualization of relevant role positions promotes self-affirmation of their respective identities. It is established that in the situation of students' interaction with the teacher two groups of processes are actualized, which determine the formation of their identity: the first - self-determined - is realized as self-determination and self-construction on the basis of observation of the teacher as a model. his role manifestations on the part of the teacher, who facilitates and mentally consolidates his self-identification image. It is determined that the pedagogical essence of the teacher's role positions corresponds to modern pedagogical approaches that are implemented in the training of future medical professionals: the role of "mature personality" - personal approach, "specialist" - competence, "effective student" - student-centered.

scholarly journals Topic chains and the interpretation of null subjects. The acquisition of discourse-related strategies in Italian children

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Frascarelli ◽  
Giorgio Carella
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Null Subjects ◽  
Original Experiment ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Italian Children ◽  
Syntactic Properties ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractBased on the theory proposed in Frascarelli (2007), according to which the interpretation of null subjects depends on an Agree relation betweenproand a specific type of Topic (i.e. the A-Topic, cf. Frascarelli & Hinterhölzl 2007), the first objective of this paper is to evaluate this theory from an acquisitional perspective on children from 3 to 9 years old. Furthermore, since the A-Topic is argued to be systematically associated to specific discourse, prosodic and syntactic properties, a second objective of this paper is to check whether the relevant acquisition correlates with information-structural and interface-related competences. Based on an original experiment designed to examine Topic chains in children’s narrative, evidence is provided that this productive ability is not fully acquired at the age of 9 and that its progress proceeds in three steps, involving different levels of grammar. Specifically, in a first phase children tend to assume their personal experience and discourse intentions as familiar to their interlocutors. Hence, they start their narration linking null subjects to silent A-Topics, without overt links for their interpretation (‘Emperor Strategy’). Then, at the age of 6 the creation of Topic chains seems to be part of children’s competence at a discourse-syntactic level and overt copies are progressively produced in the chains. Nevertheless, since children still assume their ‘hero’ to be a familiar entity, G[iven]-Topics are frequently realised as first link for null subjects. Finally, at around 7–7.11 the adult-like association between discourse-syntactic and prosodic properties is attested.

Relational complexity metric is effective when assessments are based on actual cognitive processes

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme S. Halford ◽  
William H. Wilson ◽  
Steven Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Complexity Theory ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Developmental Differences ◽  
Connectionist Models ◽  
The Core ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Core Issue ◽  
Relational Complexity

The core issue of our target article concerns how relational complexity should be assessed. We propose that assessments must be based on actual cognitive processes used in performing each step of a task. Complexity comparisons are important for the orderly interpretation of research findings. The links between relational complexity theory and several other formulations, as well as its implications for neural functioning, connectionist models, the roles of knowledge, and individual and developmental differences, are considered.

Evaluating Cognitive Efficiency by Measuring Information Contained in Designers’ Cognitive Processes

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganyun Sun ◽  
Shengji Yao ◽  
Juan A. Carretero
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Kolmogorov Complexity ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Verbal Protocols ◽  
Expert Performance ◽  
Cognitive Efficiency ◽  
Cognitive Actions ◽  
Mental Resources ◽  
Different Levels

Cognitive efficiency describes how individuals optimize limited mental resources to achieve improvements in learning and problem-solving. Research on expert performance and expertise has shown that expert designers structure the organization of cognitive actions more efficiently than novices. However, cognitive efficiency in engineering design processes has not been well studied because of technical limitations at the neurological level and lack of quantitative methods for analyzing information contained in designers’ cognitive processes at the performance level. The purpose of this study is to introduce Kolmogorov complexity to measure information contained in the changes of sketches generated by designers. The Kolmogorov complexity of each design move is calculated by the number of cognitive actions and transitions between different levels of information processing. In this study, sketches and verbal protocols generated by 15 participants were analyzed. Cognitive efficiency was determined by the quality of design outcomes and the expenditure of mental effort. The results indicate that Kolmogorov complexity is negatively related to cognitive efficiency; the higher the Kolmogorov complexity, the lower the cognitive efficiency.

Richard of St. Victor: An Early Scottish Theologian?

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
G. S. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Human Heart ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Song Of Songs ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Place ◽  
Peter Abelard ◽  
The Will ◽  
Reason And Faith ◽  
The One

The twelfth century witnessed a memorable conflict between rationalism and authority, in the persons of Peter Abelard and Bernard of Clairvaux. It is, of course, erroneous to exaggerate these two extremes; by the one, reason was ultimately accepted as the servant of personal faith, and by the other, authority was founded on a basis of mystical devotion. None the less it remains true that both, in different directions, were guilty of the same dangerous tendency, that of abstracting one element from the wholeness of human personality, and of confining religion to the sphere of that one element; Abelard was too exclusively concerned with matters of the intellect, while Bernard directed an almost equally exclusive attention to the will; and the factor neglected and suppressed by both, which breaks through in Bernard's Sermons on the Song of Songs, and overwhelms Abelard in his affair with Heloise—the factor of emotion, of personal experience, of the deep springs of affection in the human heart—it was this forgotten factor which another school of theologians had the distinction of restoring to its proper place. The great Victorines took a saner and more balanced view of human nature. They studied man in his totality, and were willing to derive or at least expound their doctrine on the level of practical experience. They occupied a mediating position from which, with exaggerating either, they could give due weight to the claims of both reason and faith.

scholarly journals Multi-aspect potential of project activities in the university (based on the innovative platform project material)

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 02012
Author(s):  
Olga Nikolaevna Chelyukanova ◽  
Natalia Evgenievna Titkova
Keyword(s):  
Children's Literature ◽  
Children’S Literature ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Children's Book ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Teachers And Parents ◽  
The University ◽  
Different Levels

The article discusses the methodology of work on the project of the “Revival of traditions of family reading in the modern spiritual education of children and youth” innovative platform, organized in the Arzamas branch of the SUNN. The project is a cumulative phenomenon that synthesizes the scientific and methodological experience of leading teachers, psychologists, and organizers of children’s reading, research scientists of children’s literature. The project involves scientists, teachers of educational institutions of different levels, students, children of different ages, and their parents in a wide joint creative activity. Particular attention in the development of this practice-oriented innovative project is paid to the activities of the student initiative group and its pedagogical effect. The educational strategy of the project contributes to the development of constructive critical thinking and is aimed at developing a wide range of professional competencies among students participating in the project: professional and pedagogical, communicative, general cultural, and informational. The article pays particular attention to the description of the complex of educational products and forms of methodological assistance to teachers and parents. In the process of implementing this project, the urgent needs of teachers and families participating in the project are met. Those include the acquisition of methodological experience in working with parents and children to popularize children’s literature and family reading; practical experience of working with a children’s book in a family circle; the acquisition of artistic reading and recitation skills by the project participants; the generalization and systematization of scientific and methodological experience in the field of children’s literature and family reading; family and creative literary communication; the introduction to the literary study of local lore. Literary and ethical-artistic questions are brought to spectators through theatrical communication.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document