Spinal Modulation by Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate, Cyclophosphamide and Miconazole Iontophoresis in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Patient with Extensive Myelitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtaq W ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Substantia Gelatinosa ◽  
Systemic Absorption ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Transdermal Application

A very rare neurological complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes transverse myelitis. I assume a post-infectious etiology in terms of secondary immunogenic overreaction. Iontophoresis is the process of the permeation of ionic (charged) drugs into the body under the influence of electrical current. Besides increasing therapeutic efficiency by, by passing first pass metabolism there are less risks of systemic absorption and undesirable side effects. The study was conducted in a SARS-CoV-2 patient with transverse myelitis, by transdermal application of dexamethasone sodium phosphate, cyclophosphamide and miconazole by iontophoresis at corresponding vertebral levels to look for the neurological outcome who had been unresponsive to intravenous methylprednisolone. With Dexamethasone sodium phosphate and cyclophosphamide iontophoresis there was modulation of the activity of posterior grey column, fasiculus gracilis and corticospinal tracts, and with miconazole iontophoresis I was able to ameliorate the dyesthesias, fasiculations and muscle atrophy probably due to neuromodulation at substantia gelatinosa and lamina IX and remyelination effect. There were no systemic or localized side effects and no adverse effects occurred during the treatment period.

Histological alterations in Rabbit liver after treatment with dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 2373-2375
Author(s):  
Faiza Irshad ◽  
Kanwal Saeed ◽  
Muhammad Adeel Qama ◽  
Jamshad Latif ◽  
Zia Ul Mustafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Histological Alterations ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Veterinary Research ◽  
Hepatic Cells ◽  
Metabolic Side Effect ◽  
Animal House

Background One of the most potent glucocorticoids is known as Dexamethasone. Many metabolic side effect shave been reported on almost every organ after dexamethasone treatment specially its effect on liver. Aim: To investigate harmful side effects of dexamethasone sodium phosphate on rabbit’s liver that serve as human liver model via using light microscope, by administration of two doses (extreme) and two durations in order to depict the duration as well as dosage dependency. Methods: Liver samples were taken via rabbits who were administered dexamethasone sodium phosphate. Then two Stratas were made namely, 1 and 2. The fixations of liver samples were carried out and underwent into evaluation in order to observe any histochemical and histological alterations. Study duration is from February to May 2021 Rabbits were brought from Veterinary Research Institute, Lahore. These Rabbits were kept in cages in the animal house of PGMI, Bird wood road Lahore. Results: The ballooning and vacuolation of hepatic cells were seen in the liver in case of Stratas that were treated along with the degenerative alterations of these cells, congestion and dilatation of central hepatic vein with sinusoidal capillaries, positive periodic acid schiff's stain (PAS) reactions. The severity of all these alterations was dependent upon duration and dosage. Conclusion: Morphological variations induced in the liver by dexamethasone sodium phosphate could be accepted as side effects of these drugs. Keywords: Liver, dexamethasone, histology, glycogen.

scholarly journals In-Vivo evaluation of implantable film containing Microencapsulated Sustained Releas Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Dosage Form ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Dexamethasone Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Replacement Surgery ◽  
Oral Dexamethasone ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Objective: This work involved in vivo evaluation of the previously prepared implantable film dosage form containing microencapsulated dexamethasone sodium phosphate (which is equivalent to 16 mg dexamethasone) and 4.4 mg pure dexamethasone sodium phosphate (which is equivalent to 4 mg dexamethasone) to be inserted at the inflamed areas to get suitable precise controlled release. Methods: the animals used were 33 rates divided into 8 groups and the inflammation was induced by using 2.0% carrageenan solution to be injected intra-dorsally then the film was inserted locally and then sacrifying the animals on different time tables to take sample from the site of inflammation for 5 months and examined under electron microscope. Results: the results showed that the prepared implantable film had immediate anti-inflammatory effect upon insertion at the inflamed tissue and its action continued effectively for five months. Conclusion: this work proved that implantable film containing dexamethasone should be used after surgery of joint replacement or any other surgery site as alternative to the applied regimen of giving IM injection of the commercially available 10mg dexamethasone intraoperatively and a second 10 mg within 24-hour postoperatively to reduce edema and pain followed by oral dexamethasone 0.5 mg on daily based till complete recovery which may last for 5 months or more and subject the patients to the serious systemic effects. The application of the implanted film therapy may reduce the rejection of the body to the replaced joint or other replacement surgery and improves patient compliance.

The Role of Computer Modeling in Electrocardiography

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. van Oosterom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Electrical Current ◽  
The Body ◽  
Volume Conductor ◽  
Current Generator ◽  
Cardiac Electrical Activity ◽  
Source Models

AbstractThis paper introduces some levels at which the computer has been incorporated in the research into the basis of electrocardiography. The emphasis lies on the modeling of the heart as an electrical current generator and of the properties of the body as a volume conductor, both playing a major role in the shaping of the electrocardiographic waveforms recorded at the body surface. It is claimed that the Forward-Problem of electrocardiography is no longer a problem. Several source models of cardiac electrical activity are considered, one of which can be directly interpreted in terms of the underlying electrophysiology (the depolarization sequence of the ventricles). The importance of using tailored rather than textbook geometry in inverse procedures is stressed.

Biocompatible Polymers and their Potential Biomedical Applications: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3608-3619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Arif ◽  
Sajjad Haider ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
Naeem Khan ◽  
Abdulaziz A. Alghyamah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Living System ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biocompatible Polymers ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Artificial Grafts ◽  
Immunological Reactions

Background: Biocompatible polymers are gaining great interest in the field of biomedical applications. The term biocompatibility refers to the suitability of a polymer to body and body fluids exposure. Biocompatible polymers are both synthetic (man-made) and natural and aid in the close vicinity of a living system or work in intimacy with living cells. These are used to gauge, treat, boost, or substitute any tissue, organ or function of the body. A biocompatible polymer improves body functions without altering its normal functioning and triggering allergies or other side effects. It encompasses advances in tissue culture, tissue scaffolds, implantation, artificial grafts, wound fabrication, controlled drug delivery, bone filler material, etc. Objectives: This review provides an insight into the remarkable contribution made by some well-known biopolymers such as polylactic-co-glycolic acid, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), polyLactic Acid, poly(3- hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), Chitosan and Cellulose in the therapeutic measure for many biomedical applications. Methods: : Various techniques and methods have made biopolymers more significant in the biomedical fields such as augmentation (replaced petroleum based polymers), film processing, injection modeling, blow molding techniques, controlled / implantable drug delivery devices, biological grafting, nano technology, tissue engineering etc. Results: The fore mentioned techniques and other advanced techniques have resulted in improved biocompatibility, nontoxicity, renewability, mild processing conditions, health condition, reduced immunological reactions and minimized side effects that would occur if synthetic polymers are used in a host cell. Conclusion: Biopolymers have brought effective and attainable targets in pharmaceutics and therapeutics. There are huge numbers of biopolymers reported in the literature that has been used effectively and extensively.

Antipyretic Plants: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
Vandana Garg ◽  
Rohit Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
The Body ◽  
Hypothalamic Area ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Elevated Body Temperature

Background: Fever, is known as pyrexia, may occur due to infection, inflammation, or any tissue damage and disease states. Normally, the infected or damaged tissue initiates the enhanced formation of pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines which further increases the synthesis of prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) near the hypothalamic area and thereby trigger the hypothalamus to elevate the body temperature. Objective: Antipyretics are the agents which reduce the elevated body temperature. The most commonly used antipyretic agent, paracetamol, may be fatal due to its side effects. Methods: In this review paper, Chemical Abstracts, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were the sources for the published article to collect information regarding antipyretic activity. Results: This review compiles the antipyretic plants that may be useful to treat fever due to various diseases. Conclusion: These medicinal plants could be good alternatives for traditional allopathic antipyretics.

Critical Review on Standard Operative Procedure of Yapana Basti Karma

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Rishu Sharma ◽  
Dr. Gyanendra Datta Shukla ◽  
Dr. Alok Kumar Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dosage Schedule ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Curative Action

Panchakarma therapy is one of the vital branch of Ayurveda, which deals mainly with purification of the provoked Doshas from the body. Basti Chikitsa is regarded as the prime treatment modality among the Panchakarma. It is having not only curative action but also preventive and promotive actions. It is considered as best treatment for Vata Dosha. Yapana Basti is a subtype of Asthapana Basti, which is having the property to support life and promote longevity and widely used in various disorders. Rajayapana Basti is superior amongst all the Yapana Bastis described by Acharya Charaka as it is the king of Yapana. This Rasayana Yapana Basti performs dual function of both Anuvasana and Niruha; hence this is Srotoshodhaka and Brimhana at the sametime. That’s why there is no need to administer separate Anuvasana while giving Yapana Basti. There is an urgent need of standardizing the classical Panchakarma procedures in consideration of the need of today. The dosage schedule, exact procedures, medicaments, effects, and side effects are to be standardized so that uniform procedure of practice should be followed all over nation. Standardization is the need of hour for physicians, to prevent Atiyoga (over activity), Ayoga (less or no activity) and to get adequate effects in a systematic and sophisticated manner within desired time period.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Alcohol Poisoning: A Fatal Competition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mohammad Heidari ◽  
Nasrin Sayfouri
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Alcohol Poisoning ◽  
Methanol Poisoning ◽  
The Public

ABSTRACT In March 2020, concurrently with the outbreak of COVID-19 in Iran, the rate of alcohol poisoning was unexpectedly increased in the country. This study has attempted to make an overall description and analysis of this phenomenon by collecting credible data from the field, news, and reports published by the emergency centers and the Iranian Ministry of Health. The investigations showed that in May 20, 2020, more than 6150 people have been affected by methanol poisoning from whom 804 deaths have been reported. A major cause of the increased rate of alcohol poisoning in this period was actually the illusion that alcohol could eliminate the Coronaviruses having entered the body. It is of utmost importance that all mass media try to dismiss the cultural, religious, and political considerations and prepare convincing programs to openly discuss the side-effects of forged alcohol consumption with the public, especially with the youth. It must be clearly specified that “consuming alcohol cannot help prevent COVID-19.”

scholarly journals Sepsis Associated Encephalopathy

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neera Chaudhry ◽  
Ashish Kumar Duggal
Keyword(s):  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurological Complication ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Endothelial Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Inflammation ◽  
Deep Coma ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
Cns Infection

Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common but poorly understood neurological complication of sepsis. It is characterized by diffuse brain dysfunction secondary to infection elsewhere in the body without overt CNS infection. The pathophysiology of SAE is complex and multifactorial including a number of intertwined mechanisms such as vascular damage, endothelial activation, breakdown of the blood brain barrier, altered brain signaling, brain inflammation, and apoptosis. Clinical presentation of SAE may range from mild symptoms such as malaise and concentration deficits to deep coma. The evaluation of cognitive dysfunction is made difficult by the absence of any specific investigations or biomarkers and the common use of sedation in critically ill patients. SAE thus remains diagnosis of exclusion which can only be made after ruling out other causes of altered mentation in a febrile, critically ill patient by appropriate investigations. In spite of high mortality rate, management of SAE is limited to treatment of the underlying infection and symptomatic treatment for delirium and seizures. It is important to be aware of this condition because SAE may present in early stages of sepsis, even before the diagnostic criteria for sepsis can be met. This review discusses the diagnostic approach to patients with SAE along with its epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and differential diagnosis.

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