scholarly journals Risk factor stratification in chronic kidney disease - A tertiary care analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 571-575
Author(s):  
Aadhyyanth R Allu ◽  
Sivasubramanian K
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become recognized as an important issue affecting the health of millions around the world. It has been found to be highly prevalent in many countries, including India, accounting for massive health expenditure as well. The burden of CKD is on the rise in both developed and developing countries. The objectives were to identify and study the risk factors for CKD among patients attending Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai and to study the association between risk factors and CKD. The case-control study was conducted on 110 cases and 110 controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical Analysis was done using MS Excel 2007, and Chi-Square test was also used. Of the parameters studied, age, residence, family history, smoking and alcohol were found to be associated with CKD and were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings suggest that positive family history, smoking and alcohol may have an impact on chronic kidney disease in patients of South India. Hence screening and creation of awareness may help in decreasing mortality.

scholarly journals Risk factor stratification in breast cancer - a tertiary care analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Aadhyyanth R Allu ◽  
Jayaganesh ◽  
Senthil Kumar A C
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Cancer Registries ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The 1960S

Breast cancer is a very common malignancy diagnosed in India and is the most common cancer in women in India. The morbidity and mortality burden of malignancy in India ranks one of the highest in the world. India has a network of cancer registries, a process which has expanded since the 1960s and has new initiatives such as cancer atlas and online software programmes. The  burden  of  breast  cancer  is on  the  rise  in  both  developed  and  developing  countries. The objectives were to identify and study the risk factors for breast cancer among women attending Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai and to study the association between risk factors and breast cancer. The case control study was conducted on 110 cases and 110 controls. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information. Statistical Analysis was done using MS Excel 2007 and Chi Square test was also used. Of the parameters studied, residence, family history, parity, duration of breast feeding and oral contraceptive use were found to be associated with breast cancer and were statistically significant (p<0.05). The findings suggest that positive family history, nulliparity, duration of breast feeding and OCP use may have an impact on breast cancer in Indian women. Hence screening and creation of awareness may help in decreasing mortality.

Risk Factors for Clinically Diagnosed Alzheimer's Disease: A Case-Control Study of a Greek Population

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magda Tsolaki ◽  
Konstantinos Fountoulakis ◽  
Elen Chantzi ◽  
Aristides Kazis
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Many efforts have been made to trace the causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD). There are, however, many points of controversy among reports from the same country as well as among reports from different countries. The current study is a case-control study to determine the risk factors in the development of AD in Greece. Sixty-five patients with AD and 69 age-matched controls were examined. All patients with AD fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for AD and NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable AD. Demographic characteristics such as gender, current marital status, who he/she is living with, education, main place of residence in childhood, adulthood, and late life, occupational hazards, patient's medical history (history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension), life habits like alcohol consumption and smoking, and a history of head trauma, heart attack, stroke, parkinsonism, or depression were collected from the subject or from an informant. A family history of selected diseases (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dementia, Parkinson's disease, Down's syndrome, stroke) was also elicited. Ages of father and mother at birth were also recorded. Chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. The results (chi-square test) showed a statistically significant difference between patients with dementia of the Alzheimer type and controls as far as marital status (p = .04), the subject's history of major depressive episode (p = .02), and family history of dementia (p = .002) were concerned. Logistic regression analysis results produced a complex model of family aggregation of dementia, with patients with a history of depression and family history of dementia having an up to seven times higher risk of developing AD. These findings, especially a family history of dementia, are consistent with most of the literature.

scholarly journals Neonatal Candidemia: Clinical Presentation, Laboratory Profile, Risk Factors and Immediate Outcome in a Tertiary Hospital in Kerala- A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Dr. Jayaram Sankar. KR ◽  
Dr. Sunil Daniel ◽  
Dr. Rekha Rachel Philip
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Laboratory Profile ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To identify the clinical and laboratory profile and risk factors of bloodstream candida infection in newborns and to assess the immediate outcome of candidemia in newborns. Design: Case -control study. Setting: Tertiary care NICU of Govt. T.D. Medical College, Alappuzha, Kerala from 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2014. Methods: Through consecutive sampling, we got 94 cases and 188 controls. For comparison, chi-square test was used, and for strength association Odds ratio was used. Analysis was done using SPSS V18. Binary logistic regression has been used to identify independent risk factors.

scholarly journals A study of chronic kidney disease patients with no known risk factors coming to tertiary care hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2030
Author(s):  
Arti Muley ◽  
Mitali Rathod ◽  
Kunjan Shah ◽  
Nikhil Patel ◽  
Aakash Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
History Of

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a major cause of morbidity and. in some parts of the world CKD incidence has increased regardless of hypertension, diabetes mellitus or metabolic syndrome. This study was done to identify the unknown factors which can be contributing to the increased incidence of CKD.Methods: It was a case control study. There were 61 cases and 50 controls. A detailed history regarding residence, occupation, addiction, drug intake, family history, diet and environmental factors was taken. The data was analysed to identify a common factor amongst the CKD patients who did not have history of any known risk factors of CKD.Results: Age of onset of CKD in 48% of cases was <40 years. Much higher percentage of cases gave family history of CKD (10%), history of consumption of NSAIDs (20%) and smoking for >5 years (30%) as compared to controls. Much more cases as compared to controls gave history of mixed diet (46% vs 26%). Much higher proportion of cases had history of heat exposure, excessive heating and sugarcane exposure (72%, 70% and 48% respectively) as compared to controls.Conclusions: This study supports the association of sugarcane exposure, heat exposure and excessive sweating with CKD and reports a changing trend of renal involvement starting at an earlier age. It highlights need of study with sufficient sample size and greater emphasis on family history, smoking, extent of heat exposure and sugarcane exposure to help identifying area of further research and guide policy making.

MO515CONSTIPATION IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh Sharma ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Kailash Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
Stool Form ◽  
Rome Iv

Abstract Background and Aims Among various gastrointestinal disorders, constipation is one of the most common symptom in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However it is often neglected by nephrologists as self-limiting condition. Constipation impacts quality of life in multiple ways and increases socio-psychological burden. Constipation and associated risk factors have been poorly studied and most studies are retrospective. Method We enrolled CKD stage 3 to 5 patients on regular follow-up with nephrologist from June 2018 to June 2020, at a tertiary care centre in North India. Constipation was defined using Rome IV criteria (Functional constipation) which is composed of six constipation related symptoms, and diagnosis of constipation is established by presence of two or more symptoms for at least 3 months. Patients were also asked to maintain a 7 day prospective stool diary. It consisted of seven day written prospective chart of stool form and frequency. Patients were instructed to record when each bowel movement happened and to mark stool form type for each movement as described in words and pictures on Bristol Stool Form Scale (BSFS). Opioid induced constipation was defined as per Rome IV criteria. The diagnostic criteria is similar to functional constipation, but with requisite that new or worsening symptoms occurred when initiating, changing or increasing opioid therapy. Results Two hundred twenty five patients were studied out of which 59 (26.2%) patients were in CKD stage3, eighty one (36%) patients were in CKD stage4 and 85 (37.8%) patients were in stage5. Out of 85 CKD stage5 patients, 23 (27%) were on dialysis. Mean age of patients was 49.1 years. Out of 225 patients, 135 (60%) were male. Constipation symptoms and diagnosis reported in each stage has been depicted in Table 1. Clinical correlates of constipation has been depicted in Table 2. Conclusion Constipation measured using Rome IV criteria affects around two-third of CKD stage 3-5 patients. Diabetes, hypertension and opioid use has been found to be significantly associated with constipation.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Herpes Zoster Infection in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Case-control Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Jiahui Ma ◽  
Zhenxing Li ◽  
Zhi Li ◽  
Dong Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Herpes Zoster ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the susceptibility to the infection of herpes zoster (HZ). Less is known about the risk factors of HZ in CKD patients.Methods and Participants: This is a case-control study. CKD patients diagnosed with HZ infection between January 2015 and October 2020 in a tertiary hospital were identified. One age- and gender- matched control was paired for each case, matched to the date of initial HZ diagnose. The uni- and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the risk factors for development of HZ in CKD patients.Results: Forty-six HZ patients and controls were identified. In general, about 80% (72 out of 92) patients were classified at end-stage renal disease (ESRD, CKD Ⅳ to Ⅴ). Multivariate analyses revealed that immunosuppressive agents (odds ratio: 12.50, 95% CI: 1.53-102.26, P=0.021) and dialysis (odds ratio: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.13-9.78, P=0.029) were independent risk factors of HZ in patient with CKD. Conclusion: Immunosuppressive medication and dialysis were associated with HZ infection in CKD. Further guideline may highlight the necessity of zoster vaccine for patients with CKD, who undertake immunosuppressive or dialysis treatment.

scholarly journals Study of risk factors and its correlation with constraint induced movement therapy for atherosclerosis in patients of coronary artery disease and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Venugopal Margekar ◽  
Shweta Thakur ◽  
O. P. Jatav ◽  
Pankaj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Constraint Induced Movement Therapy ◽  
Group Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: A significant percent of cardiovascular event occurs without well-known modifiable risk. A new tool for early identification for atherosclerosis is required for early intervention. Aims and objectives of the study was to study the risk factors for CAD and its correlation with CIMT.Methods: One hundred and forty subjects were studied for the risk factors of CAD in Department of Medicine of G.R. Medical College, Gwalior from 2012 to 2013. Out of 140 subjects, 100 were patients having CAD and 40 age matched subjects were included as control group. Data was also recorded from their offspring. High resolution B mode ultrasonography was performed to assess CIMT of carotid arteries. The maximum CIMT of any one side of carotid artery was taken for study.Results: CAD was more prevalent among males (78%). Majority of the offspring of cases had age between 28-42 years and majority were male (73%). Most common risk factors for CAD was dyslipidemia (48%), hypertension (24%), diabetes (12%) and smoking (21%), whereas in offspring’s of CAD patients, dyslipidemia was seen in 28%, hypertension in 3%, diabetes and tobacco smoking in 12% and 24% respectively. The CIMT of CAD patients was significantly increased with increasing the number of risk factors and the same pattern was also seen in controls.  The CIMT of asymptomatic offspring’s having positive family history was significantly more than the asymptomatic offspring without positive family history of CAD.Conclusions: CIMT measurements can be used as a surrogate marker of atherosclerosis as it has showed a direct link with number of risk factors of CAD. 

scholarly journals FAKTOR RISIKO KESEGARAN JASMANI SISWI SMA MUHAMMADIYAH 1 PONOROGO Risk Factors of Physical Fitness among Female Student in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Ikanov Safitri ◽  
R. Bambang Wirjatmadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
High School ◽  
Haemoglobin Level ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Control Study

Physical fi tness is the ability of each individual to carry out various daily activities without feeling fatigue. Physical fi tness is useful as a supporting capacity for the physical activity of children therefore it is expected to improve their health and achievement. Factors that infl uence physical fi tness include genetics, age, gender, physical activity, nutritional status, food intake, haemoglobin level, resting time and smoking habits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the risk factors of physical fi tness among female students in Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo High School. This case control study included 50 female students and divided into 25 cases and 25 controls. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the relationships between variables. The results showed that there was an association between protein adequacy (p=0.023) OR = 11.3 and haemoglobin levels (p=0.049) OR = 9.3 with physical fi tness. While the adequacy of iron (p=0.345) did not associated with physical fi tness. Student with low protein adequacy and haemoglobin level have respectively 11.3 and 9.3 times higher risk of having low physical fi tness than student with good protein adequacy and haemoglobin level.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO STROKE PADA PENYAKIT GINJAL KRONIK STADIUM V YANG MENJALANI HEMODIALISIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanti Dwi Ariani ◽  
Dodik Tugasworo ◽  
Maria Imakulata Widiastuti Samekto
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

RISK FACTORS OF STROKE IN STAGE V CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE WHO UNDERWENT HEMODIALYSISABSTRACTIntroduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease are associated with a significantly in- creased risk of stroke. Incidence and mortality of stroke in CKD patients is higher rather than among the general popula- tion. Stroke in hemodialysis patients is also associated with high mortality.Aims: To analyze risk factors that have a relationship with the occurrence of stroke in patients with stage V CKD who underwent hemodialysis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang.Method: A case control with retrospective cohort study of patients diagnosed with stage V CKD undergoing hemo- dialysis in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, from March 2016 to August 2017. Subject was divided into case group, who experienced stroke, and control group, who did not experience stroke. Bivariate analysis was performed with Chi-square test, multivariate analysis with logistic regression test and rasio Odds.Results: There were 140 subjects with stage V CKD, 70 subjects in each groups. In case group, 85.7% experienced ischemic stroke while the rest hemorrhagic stroke. The duration of hemodialysis was related to the incidence of stroke. In multivariate analysis, patients with diabetes mellitus were more likely to have a stroke by 0.14 times compared to patients who did not have diabetes mellitus, and patients who underwent hemodialysis >12 months, were more likely to have a stroke 4.05 times greater than patients who underwent hemodialysis <12 months.Discussion: There is a relationship between diabetes mellitus and duration of hemodialysis with the occurrence of ischemic stroke, in stage V CKD patients who underwent hemodialysis.Keywords: Chronic kidney disease, hemodialysis, strokeABSTRAKPendahuluan: Penyakit ginjal kronik (PGK) dan penyakit ginjal stadium akhir terkait dengan peningkatan risiko yang signifikan dari stroke. Insiden dan mortalitas stroke pada pasien PGK lebih tinggi dibandingkan populasi umum. Stroke pada pasien dialisis juga dihubungkan dengan mortalitas yang tinggi.Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor risiko yang memengaruhi terjadinya stroke pada pasien dengan PGK stadium V yang menjalani hemodialisis (HD) di RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang.Metode: Penelitian kasus kontrol dengan pendekatan kohort retrospektif terhadap pasien penyakit ginjal kronik stadium V yang menjalani HD di RSUP Dr. Kariadi, Semarang dari bulan Maret 2016 hingga Agustus 2017. Subjek dibagi ke dalam kelompok kasus, yaitu yang mengalami stroke dan kelompok kontrol yang tidak mengalami stroke. Dilakukan analisis bivariat dengan uji Chi-square dan analisis multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik serta rasio Odds.Hasil: Didapatkan 140 subjek dengan PGK stadium V yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 70 orang. Pada kelompok kasus, sebanyak 85,7% adalah stroke iskemik dan sisanya stroke hemoragik. Lama HD berhubungan dengan kejadian stroke. Pada uji multivariat, subjek yang menderita diabetes melitus (DM) berisiko mengalami stroke sebesar 0,14 kali dibandingkan yang tidak DM dan subjek yang menjalani HD >12 bulan berisiko mengalami stroke 4,05 kali lebih besar dibandingkan yang menjalani HD <12 bulan.Diskusi: Terdapat pengaruh faktor risiko DM dan lama hemodialisis terhadap kejadian stroke iskemik pada pasien PGK stadium V yang menjalani HD.Kata kunci: Hemodialisis, penyakit ginjal kronik, stroke

scholarly journals Risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area of Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlando Milhomem Mota ◽  
Maria Paula Curado ◽  
José Carlos Oliveira ◽  
Edesio Martins ◽  
Daniela Medeiros Milhomem Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Oral Sex ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Control Study

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVESEsophageal cancer is the eighth commonest type of cancer worldwide, occupying sixth place in terms of mortality. Smoking and alcohol use are known risk factors for this type of cancer. The aim here was to evaluate the risk factors for esophageal cancer in a low-incidence area.DESIGN AND SETTINGCase-control study in Goiânia, with 99 cases of esophageal cancer and 223 controls.METHODSThe variables were sociodemographic, dietary, occupational and lifestyle data. The sample was analyzed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test and Mantel-Haenszel approach for multivariate analysis. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated with 5% significance and 95% confidence intervals.RESULTSThe risk of esophageal cancer was higher in patients ≥ 55 years (OR = 1.95; P < 0.001). Patients from rural areas were at greater risk of esophageal cancer (OR = 4.9; P < 0.001). Smoking was a risk factor among the cases (OR = 3.8; P < 0.001), as was exposure to woodstoves (OR = 4.42; P < 0.001). The practice of oral sex was not a risk factor (OR = 0.45; P = 0.04). Consumption of apples, pears, vegetables, cruciferous vegetables and fruit juices were protective against esophageal cancer.CONCLUSIONIn a region in which the incidence of esophageal cancer is low, the most significant risk factors were exposure to woodstoves, smoking and living in rural areas.

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