scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of Metallo-beta Lactamase-positive and High-risk Clone ST235 Pseudomonas aeruginosa at Ardabil Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Safarirad ◽  
Mohsen Arzanlou ◽  
Jafar Mohammadshahi ◽  
Hamid Vaez ◽  
Amirhossin Sahebkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Clonal Relatedness ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Highly Virulent

Background: Carbapenems are the most commonly administered drugs for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR-P. aeruginosa) infections. However, carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa is spreading rapidly and has led to a new threat to human health worldwide. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa, detect metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producer isolates, and evaluate their clonal relationships in strains isolated from patients referring to the hospitals of Ardabil city, Iran. Methods: The resistance rate to imipenem was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Double-disk synergy test and PCR technique were used for phenotypic and genotypic screening of MBL-positive P. aeruginosa, respectively. Ultimately, ERIC-PCR and MLST methods were used for assessing clonal relatedness among the isolates. Results: The prevalence of imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains was estimated at 57.1% (48 out of 84 isolates). In addition, 45 (93.7%) out of 48 imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates were phenotypically screened as MBL-positive, among which 16 (35.5%) and three (6.6%) isolates harbored blaIMP and blaVIM-1 genes, respectively. However, blaNDM, blaSIM-2, blaSPM, and blaGIM-1 genes were not detected in this study. MBL-producing P. aeruginosa strains were divided into 42 ERIC-PCR types. Based on the results of MLST, P. aeruginosa ST235 was the only identified sequence type. Conclusions: Our results revealed a high and alarming prevalence of imipenem-resistant and blaIMP-positive P. aeruginosa ST235 at Ardabil hospitals. Continuous monitoring is essential to control the further spread of this highly virulent and drug-resistant clone.

scholarly journals Distribution of Extended-spectrum β-lactamase and Metallo-β-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Aneela ◽  
Noor- Ul-Ain ◽  
Samyyia Abrar ◽  
Muhammad Saeed ◽  
Shahida Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Synergy Test

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an important bacterial pathogen most frequently associated with nosocomial infections, especially in immuno-compromised patients. Early detection of these life threatening, β-lactamase producing bacteria is essential for infection control and to prevent their dissemination. The aim of our study was to detect the presence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) and Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Material and Methods: Eighty-eight identified strains of P. aeruginosa were collected from Chughtai Laboratories, Combined Military Hospital and Children Hospital, Lahore. These strains were sub-cultured and after confirming the cultural characteristics by Gram staining and colony morphology, manual biochemical identification was done. Susceptibility to various antibiotics and production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs) were determined using modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method, double disk synergy test, combined disk synergy test (CDST) and inhibitor-potentiated disk diffusion test (IPD) respectively.Results: Out of eighty-eight strains tested, three were ESBL producers (3.4%) and eleven strains (12.5%) were found to be resistant to carbapenems. Of these, eight were MBL producers (72.7%). All these β-lactamase producing strains (14 strains) were multidrug-resistant (MDR). Piperacillin and piperacillin/tazobactam proved to be the most effective antibiotics in both types of β-lactamase producing strains.Conclusion: Our study shows noticeable emergence of β-lactamases (ESBLs & MBLs) in P. aeruginosa. All of these strains were MDR. It reveals a correlation of these β-lactamases with multidrug resistant genes.

Prevalence of SHV-extended spectrum β-lactamase producing carbapenem –resistantKlebsiellapneumoniae among patients with lower respiratory tractinfections in Babylon Province-Iraq.

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Moeen Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Positive Results

This study was carried out to screen the prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients with lower respiratory tract infections in Babylon province.From December,2015 to the end of March,2016,a total of 100 sputum samples were collected from patients visited or hospitalized Merjan Teaching Hospital and Al- Hashimya General Hospital. Fifteenth (65%) isolates were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae. All bacterial isolates were evaluated for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production phenotypically using disk combination method. Eleven (73.3%) isolates were detected as ESBL-producers. Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was employed to determine resistance profile of ESBLs-positive isolates. Higher rates of resistance were observed for ampicillin and piperacillin antibiotics with (81.8%) and (72.7%) resistance rate, respectively, while the lowest rate was noticed for imipenem antibiotic (14.28%). Carbapenem-resistant isolates were investigated for blaSHV gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method, 2 (100%) isolates gave positive results.

scholarly journals Cockroaches as a Source of High Bacterial Pathogens with Multidrug Resistant Strains in Gondar Town, Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Setegn Eshetie ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
Kahsay Huruy ◽  
Dagnachew Muluye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

Background. Cockroaches are source of bacterial infections and this study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial profiles from cockroaches in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods. A total of 60 cockroaches were collected from March 1 to May 30, 2014, in Gondar town. Bacterial species were isolated from external and internal parts of cockroaches. Disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 20;Pvalues <0.005 were considered as statistically significant.Results. Of 181 identified bacteria species, 110 (60.8%) and 71 (39.2%) were identified from external and internal parts of cockroaches, respectively.Klebsiella pneumoniae32 (17.7%),Escherichia coli29 (16%), andCitrobacterspp. 27 (15%) were the predominant isolates. High resistance rate was observed to cotrimoxazole, 60 (33.1%), and least resistance rate was noted to ciprofloxacin, 2 (1.1%). Additionally, 116 (64.1%) of the isolates were MDR strains;Salmonellaspp. were the leading MDR isolates (100%) followed byEnterobacter(90.5%) andShigellaspp. (76.9%).Conclusion. Cockroaches are the potential source of bacteria pathogens with multidrug resistant strains and hence effective preventive and control measures are required to minimize cockroach related infections.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates from patients with catheter-associated urinary tract infection in a tertiary care hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Jaison Jayakaran ◽  
Nirupa Soundararajan ◽  
Priyadarshini Shanmugam
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain as the most common infection. Catheter-associated (CA) UTI can lead to bacteremia and thereby is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients in our country. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aims to check the prevalence of CAUTI and study the phenotypic and genotypic characters of the multidrug-resistant organisms in a tertiary care hospital, with special reference to NDM-1 and OXA-23. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 231 urine samples from patients with CA-UTI in different wards in a tertiary care hospital over a period of 3 months between June and August 2018 were collected and processed following the standard protocol. Antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by disk-diffusion method. Modified Hodge test (MHT) was done to isolate carbapenem-resistant isolates, and polymerase chain reaction was done to detect NDM-1 and OXA-23. RESULTS: Out of 231 samples, 101 samples yielded significant growth. These 38 samples were Gram-negative bacilli which were resistant to carbapenems. Out of the 38 which showed carbapenem resistance, 23 were MHT positive. Out of the 23 MHT-positive isolates, 8 (21.05%) were positive for NDM-1 gene and only 1 (2.6%) was positive for the OXA-23 gene. CONCLUSION: This study has shown that carbapenem-resistant isolates from all the CA urinary tract-infected patients were 52.77% and most of them were Klebsiella. About 21% of them harbored the NDM-1 gene whereas only 2% had the OXA-23 gene. There has been an alarming increase in the spread of carbapenem resistance.

scholarly journals Occurrence of NDM-1 and VIM-2 Co-Producing Escherichia coli and OprD Alteration in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Hospital Environment Samples in Northwestern Tunisia

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1617
Author(s):  
Raouaa Maaroufi ◽  
Olfa Dziri ◽  
Linda Hadjadj ◽  
Seydina M. Diene ◽  
Jean-Marc Rolain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Hospital environments constitute the main reservoir of multidrug-resistant bacteria. In this study we aimed to investigate the presence of Gram-negative bacteria in one Northwestern Tunisian hospital environment, and characterize the genes involved in bacterial resistance. A total of 152 environmental isolates were collected from various surfaces and isolated using MacConkey medium supplemented with cefotaxime or imipenem, with 81 fermenter bacteria (27 Escherichia coli, and 54 Enterobacter spp., including 46 Enterobacter cloacae), and 71 non-fermenting bacteria (69 Pseudomonas spp., including 54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 2 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia) being identified by the MALDI-TOF-MS method. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method and E-Test was used to determine MICs for imipenem. Several genes implicated in beta-lactams resistance were characterized by PCR and sequencing. Carbapenem resistance was detected among 12 isolates; nine E. coli (blaNDM-1 (n = 8); blaNDM-1 + blaVIM-2 (n = 1)) and three P. aeruginosa were carbapenem-resistant by loss of OprD porin. The whole-genome sequencing of P. aeruginosa 97H was determined using Illumina MiSeq sequencer, typed ST285, and harbored blaOXA-494. Other genes were also detected, notably blaTEM (n = 23), blaCTX-M-1 (n = 10) and blaCTX-M-9 (n = 6). These new epidemiological data imposed new surveillance strategies and strict hygiene rules to decrease the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in this area.

scholarly journals In vitro efficacy of synergistic antibiotic combinations in imipenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Aleya Farzana ◽  
S. M. Shamsuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
New Antibiotics

The increase in antibiotic resistance coincided with the decline in production of new antibiotics. Combination antibiotic treatment is preferred in nosocomial infections caused by multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In vitro synergism test by agar dilution method were used to choose the combinations which might be used in clinic. The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic efficacy of antibiotic combinations in imipenem resistant P. aeruginosa strains. Carbapenem resistance (imipenem and meropenem) wasdetermined by disk diffusion method. Among isolated P. aeruginosa 44.9% were cabapenem resistant. The MIC of drugs among 25 imipenem resistant isolates ranged from >_ 256 mg/L to <_ 8 mg/L for imipenem, >_ 1024 mg/L to <_ 64 mg/L for ceftriaxone, >_ 256 mg/L to <_ 8 mg/L for amikacin, >_ 16 mg/L to <_ 2 mg/L for colistin, >_ 512 mg/L to <_ 16 mg/L for piperacillin/tazobactam. Among antibiotic combinations, piperacillin /tazobactam- amikacin was most effective with 80% synergism next to which was imipenem-amikacin with 60% synergism, then imipenem-colistin with 50% synergism, imipenem-ceftriaxone with 30% synergism. Only one combination (piperacillin/tazobactum -imipenem showed 20% antagonism. All these combinations had considerable proportion of additive effect which is also desirable for these multi drug resistant isolates.Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2015; 9 (1): 3-8

scholarly journals Colistin and Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 in Thailand: Genome Analysis and Antibiotic Resistance Profiling

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1054
Author(s):  
Nalumon Thadtapong ◽  
Soraya Chaturongakul ◽  
Sunhapas Soodvilai ◽  
Padungsri Dubbs
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Resistance to the last-line antibiotics against invasive Gram-negative bacterial infection is a rising concern in public health. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 can resist colistin and carbapenems with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 µg/mL as determined by microdilution method and shows no zone of inhibition by disk diffusion method. These phenotypic characteristics prompted us to further investigate the genotypic characteristics of Aci46. Next generation sequencing was applied in this study to obtain whole genome data. We determined that Aci46 belongs to Pasture ST2 and is phylogenetically clustered with international clone (IC) II as the predominant strain in Thailand. Interestingly, Aci46 is identical to Oxford ST1962 that previously has never been isolated in Thailand. Two plasmids were identified (pAci46a and pAci46b), neither of which harbors any antibiotic resistance genes but pAci46a carries a conjugational system (type 4 secretion system or T4SS). Comparative genomics with other polymyxin and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii strains (AC30 and R14) identified shared features such as CzcCBA, encoding a cobalt/zinc/cadmium efflux RND transporter, as well as a drug transporter with a possible role in colistin and/or carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses against MDR ACICU strain showed three novel mutations i.e., Glu229Asp, Pro200Leu, and Ala138Thr, in the polymyxin resistance component, PmrB. Overall, this study focused on Aci46 whole genome data analysis, its correlation with antibiotic resistance phenotypes, and the presence of potential virulence associated factors.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Aloe vera Gel against Multidrug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Usman A. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Wound Infection ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Diffusion Technique ◽  
Aloe Vera Gel

Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been implicated as important nosocomial pathogens causing severe infections especially in hospitalized patients. The aim of the study was to assess the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera gel against multidrug resistant S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated from wound. Clinical isolates of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from wound infection were collected from Microbiology laboratory of Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital (BDTH), Kaduna and re-confirmed using standard microbiological procedure. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates was determined using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method. Aloe vera gel was obtained fresh matured leaves of Aloe vera plant and was screened for the presence of phytochemical constituents. Antibacterial activity of the Aloe vera gel against Multidrug Resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates was determined by agar well diffusion technique. The result revealed that all the two isolates were resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics. The Staphylococcus aureus isolate was resistant to fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin), aminoglycoside (gentamicin), cephalosporin (cefaroline), folate pathway antagonist (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole), penicillin(cefoxitin) and macrolide (erythromycin) while the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate was resistant to βlactam (ticarcillin-clavulanate), fluoroquinolone (ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin), aminoglycoside (gentamicin) and cephalosporin (ceftazidime)hence regarded as MDR isolates. Phytochemical screening of the gel revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. The Aloe vera gel was found to have antibacterial activity against the test isolates with MIC and MBC values of 25µg/mL and 50µg/mL against MDR S. aureus 50µg/mL and 100µg/mL against MDR P. aeruginosa respectively. The study identified that Aloe vera gel possesses antibacterial activity against MDR S. aureus and P. aeruginosa isolated from wound infection. Keywords: Aloe vera gel, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, antibacterial, MDR

scholarly journals oprD Genes Detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from a Teaching Hospital but Lost in a Carbapenem-Resistant Strain

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eucharia E. Nmema ◽  
Chioma S. Osuagwu ◽  
Eunice N. Anaele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Chain Reactions ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

Aims: The aims of the study were to evaluate the multidrug resistance profile and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates using phenotypic and genotypic methods. Study Design: A descriptive laboratory based study. Place and Duration of Study: Microbiology Laboratory, Ondo State University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, and Biotechnology Laboratory, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo, Nigeria, between June 2017 and November 2018. Methodology: Ten P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered from patients at Lagos University Teaching Hospital, and susceptibilities to imipenem (10 µg), meropenem (10 µg) and a panel of antibiotics were performed by the disk diffusion method. Genotypic methods including Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR) and agarose gel electrophoresis were carried out according to established protocols. oprD and blaIMP gene primers were used for the PCR amplification. Results: Fifty percent (50%) of the isolates showed multiple drug resistance. Four isolates (40%) were carbapenem resistant (CR). oprD gene was detectedin 90% (9/10) of the isolates. 75% (3/4) of CR strains were among the strains showing oprD gene. 25% (1/4) CR strain (PA1421) was oprD negative. Loss or mutation of oprD gene seems to be the mechanism of carbapenem resistance in strain PA1421. Conclusion: Loss or mutation of oprD gene was identified in this study as a mechanism of carbapenem resistance. oprD gene encodes the outer membrane protein (OprD) porin in P. aeruginosa whose deficiency confers resistance to carbapenems, especially imipenem. Surveillance of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of P. aeruginosa is of critical importance in understanding new and emerging resistance trends, reviewing antibiotic policies and informing therapeutic options.

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