Detection of blaNDM -Metallo-β-Lactamase Genes in Klebsiella pneumonia Strains Isolated From Burn Patients in Baghdad Hospitals

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Atyia Hammoudi ◽  
Azhar Noori Hussein ◽  
Mohammed Shamkhi Jebur
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Child Protection ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

From the period from March to August 2016,210 swabs were collected from the burn patients hospitalized indifferent hospitals in Baghdad City: Al-Karama Teaching Hospital,Special Burn Hospital,Central Teaching Laboratories,Child protection Teaching Hospital,Imam Ali Hospital. Out of 210 clinical isolates,42 (37.5 %) had been shown a single isolated of pathogenic bacteria K. pneumoniae and the others were belonged to other bacteria and mixed growth isolates. Identification of all isolates were carried out depending on macroscopic, microscopic characterizations,conventional biochemical tests and Api 20E system.Metallo-β lactamase (MBL) enzymes were screen by two phenotypic methods (Meropenem-EDTA double disks method and Modified Hodg test). Susceptibility testing were used with The following antibiotic disks:Imipenem, Meropenem, Ceftazidime, Cefotaxime, Pipracillin, Gentamicin, Amikacin andCiprofloxacin.The percentage of resistance isolates were as followed:Imipenem (21.42%), Meropenem (19.04%), Ceftazidime (69.04%),Cefotaxime (85.71%),Pipracillin (85.71%),Gentamicin (26.19%),Amikacin (19.04 %) andCiprofloxacin (59.52%).The percentage of the prevalence of blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-2 genes in K.pneumoniae isolates from burn patients in Baghdad hospitals were as followed:20 (100 %) forblaNDM-1 genes and 6 (30 %) for blaNDM-2 genes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance and ESBL production in Escherichia coli from various sources in Aba metropolis, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Uzoaru Ajuga ◽  
Kome Otokunefor ◽  
Obakpororo Ejiro Agbagwa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Abstract Background The increase in multidrug resistance (MDR) among pathogenic bacteria responsible for infectious diseases has led to lack of effectiveness of some antibiotics. The ability of Escherichia coli to harbor resistant genes has made the treatment of infections a major challenge. This study was carried out to assess antibiotic resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production of E. coli from various sources in Aba metropolis, Nigeria. Results From a total of 350 samples collected from clinical and non-clinical sources, 137 were presumptively identified as E. coli by standard phenotypic methods and 83 were confirmed as E. coli by the detection of E. coli specific 16S rRNA gene fragments. The majority of these isolates (52, 62.7%) were from non-clinical sources. The clinical isolates, however, exhibited a higher level of resistance against 62.5% of tested antibiotics. Both group of isolates exhibited similar levels (58.1% vs 53.9%) of MDR, though. A low rate of ESBL production was observed (1.2%) following phenotypic detection of ESBL-producing abilities using the double-disc synergy test. An assessment of the presence of three beta-lactamase gene genotypes (blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX-M) revealed that none of the three predominant ESBL genotypes was identified in this study. Conclusions This study reports high levels of antibiotic resistance in both clinical and non-clinical E. coli isolates. Though higher rates of resistance were observed among the non-clinical isolates, both group of organisms had similar levels of MDR. Strikingly, however, was the low level of ESBL producers detected in this study and the absence of the three main genotypes associated with ESBL production in this study.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Pathogenic Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection in A Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 456-463
Author(s):  
Pradha Velu Ramya Rengaraj ◽  
Hemalatha Gurumurthy Saleem Mohamed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Aims: To determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria causing urinary tract infections and their antibiotics susceptibility pattern from patients reporting in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Study design: Retrospective study. Place and duration of the study: Melmaruvathur Adhiparasakthi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, January 2017 to December 2019. Methodology: 7825Mid-stream urine (MSU) samples collected for culture and sensitivity testing, sent to the laboratory during the period of study were included in this study. The samples were inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar, incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Identification of organisms by biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done by standard microbiological methods. Results: Out of 7825 samples, 3832 showed significant bacteriuria, of which 50% (1924/3832) were females. Escherichia coli was the most common pathogen isolated, which accounts for 41% followed by Klebsiella spp. (27%), Staphylococcus aureus (7%), Proteus spp. (7%), Acinetobacter spp. (5%), Pseudomonas spp. (4%), Enterobacter spp. (4%), Citrobacter spp.(4%), and Serratia spp. (0.9%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Staphylococcus aureus showed 33% were Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of gram negative bacilli showed high resistance to cephalosporins followed by carbapenems. Among gram negative bacilli, Klebsiella spp. showed 36% extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) production. Conclusions: This study determines the trends in antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of uropathogens. It is helpful in the formulation of local antibiotic policy for the hospital and assist clinicians in the rational choice of antibiotic therapy to prevent misuse or overuse of antibiotics so as to prevent emergence of multi drug resistant pathogens.

scholarly journals Feasibility and potential significance of rapid in vitro qualitative phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli with the ProMax system

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249203
Author(s):  
Jade Chen ◽  
Michael Tomasek ◽  
Amorina Cruz ◽  
Matthew L. Faron ◽  
Dakai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Gram Negative

The emergence and evolution of antibiotic resistance has been accelerated due to the widespread use of antibiotics and a lack of timely diagnostic tests that guide therapeutic treatment with adequate sensitivity, specificity, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) accuracy. Automated AST instruments are extensively used in clinical microbiology labs and provide a streamlined workflow, simplifying susceptibility testing for pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical samples. Although currently used commercial systems such as the Vitek2 and BD Phoenix can deliver results in substantially less time than conventional methods, their dependence on traditional AST inoculum concentrations and optical detection limit their speed somewhat. Herein, we describe the GeneFluidics ProMax lab automation system intended for a rapid 3.5-hour molecular AST from clinical isolates. The detection method described utilizes a higher starting inoculum concentration and automated molecular quantification of species-specific 16S rRNA through the use of an electrochemical sensor to assess microbiological responses to antibiotic exposure. A panel of clinical isolates consisting of species of gram-negative rods from the CDC AR bank and two hospitals, New York-Presbyterian Queens and Medical College of Wisconsin, were evaluated against ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and meropenem in a series of reproducibility and clinical studies. The categorical agreement and reproducibility for Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 100% and 100% for ciprofloxacin, 98.7% and 100% for gentamicin and 98.5% and 98.5% for meropenem, respectively.

scholarly journals Frequency of broad-spectrum beta-lactamase gene and evaluation of antimicrobial effect of Teucrium polium extract and essential oil in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumonia

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e09-e09
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Gholizadeh Doran Mahalleh ◽  
Farokh Rokhbakhsh Zamein ◽  
Javad Dahmardeh
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Teucrium Polium

Introduction: β-Lactamase enzymes are one of the most important factors in generating antibiotic resistance among gram-negative bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen from the Enterobacteriaceae family, which plays a major role in the development of hospital infections and people with underlying diseases. Objectives: This study was aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the essential oil of Teucrium polium on strains containing antibiotic resistant genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Zahedan. Materials and Methods: To identify chemical compounds and to investigate the antibacterial effects of T. polium extract, the leaves of this plant were collected from their natural habitat in May 2018 at full flowering stage. Extraction was carried out by water distillation method. Antibacterial activity of the extract of this plant and the least inhibitory concentration of growth on the resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae was performed. Results: The essential oil yield of T. polium was 75%. Of the 29 compounds identified in the essential oil of the T. polium, the combination of α-pinene with 12.52%, linalool was the highest in the essential oil of 10.63%. Of the 120 isolates of K. pneumoniae, 52 isolates in the initial screening were positive for ESBL production, of which 39 isolates (32.5%) were positive in the phenotypic confirmatory assay. Around 11 isolates (10.8%) had ampC genes. Based on the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 76.9%, 12.8%, 30.8%, 28.2%, 25.7% and 56.4% of the isolates were carriers of FOX, EBC, ACC, DHA, CIT genes and MOX, respectively. Conclusion: The results of antimicrobial resistance study of isolates showed that the highest resistance to erythromycin antibiotics (92.5%), cefotaxime (38.4%) and ceftriaxone (35.9%), respectively, while the highest susceptibility was observed in colistin antibiotics (98.3%), imipenem (90%) and amikacin (88.3%), respectively. The essential oil of the T. polium had a significant antibacterial effect. Due to the high percentage of high concentrations of α-pinene and linalool in the essential oil of the T. polium, in such a way that has antibacterial properties, T. polium can be used to cope with certain pathogenic bacteria.

Bacteriological Quality of Some Local Herbal Drugs Sold In Port Harcourt, Nigeria and Antibacterial Susceptibility of Isolates Compared with Clinical Isolates

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amala Smart Enoch
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Peptone Water

The world is witnessing an unprecedented rise in the use of herbal medicines. In Nigeria some individuals solely believe in the curative ability of local herbal drugs for the treatment of different forms of ailment. Most local herbal drugs are advertized to cure more than an aliment such as infections and hepatitis, diabetes and gastroenteritis, malaria, general body pain and weakness etc. The preparation and packaging of these local herbal medications are not carried out under appropriate hygienic conditions and they could be prone to contamination by potential pathogenic bacteria. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological quality of some local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria and their antimicrobial activity compared to some orthodox antimicrobial agents. Materials and Methods: Ten (10) different local herbal drugs were purchased from hawkers, examined for bacteriological quality and antibacterial activities. Each of the sample for bacteriological examination were diluted serially in sterile peptone water by pipeting 1mL of the neat to 9ml of sterile peptone water in a test tube and subsequently diluted to 105 and 0.01mL of the last dilution 105 were cultured on Nutrient and MacConkey agar plates. Susceptibility testing were carried out with the isolated bacteria. The susceptibility was compared with that of already identified clinical isolates of E. coli and S. aureus. Results: The results obtained showed E. coli (69.9%), S. aureus (18.9%), Klebsiella sp. (3.7%) and Bacillus sp. (7.5%) respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of the isolated bacteria from the local herbal drugs were 100% resistant to the orthodox drugs tested against them, whereas the clinical isolates tested were 50% susceptible to the orthodox drugs. The bacteria isolated from herbal drugs and the isolates from clinical specimens were 100% resistant to the local herbal drugs. Conclusion: The bacteriological qualities of the local herbal drugs marketed in some parts of Port Harcourt were poor due to improper hygiene during processing and packaging. Bacterial isolates from the local herbal drugs were resistant to the local herbal drugs and the orthodox drugs. Contaminated local herbal drugs might serve as means of transmitting infections and medium for exchanging resistant genes by the contaminating bacteria. The antibacterial property of herbal drugs may have been altered by the activities of bacteria

scholarly journals Microbial Contaminants on Inanimate Surfaces and Non-critical Instruments at a Major Reference Hospital in Makurdi, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
A. K. Akpenpuun ◽  
I. W. Nyinoh
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
State University ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aims: There have been links between healthcare-acquired infections, contaminated surfaces, and medical instruments. The aim of this study was to: (i) investigate the variety of microorganisms that persist on inanimate/noncritical devices at Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria, as a possible source of healthcare-acquired bacterial and fungal infections, and (ii) determine the prevalence of microorganisms on the instruments sampled. Study design: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Microbiology Laboratory (Bacteriology, Media/Washroom, Serology, and Phlebotomy Units), Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria, between January 2021 and May 2021. Methodology: Swab specimens were collected from  tables (14), sinks (8), hand jars (7), scissors (5), inoculating loops (7), refrigerators (6), and autoclaves (3) using sterile stick swabs. The bacterial and fungal investigation was performed using standard culture tests-gram stain, colony morphology, and biochemical tests. Results: All the samples tested positive for either bacteria or fungi, indicating a contamination rate of 100%. Tables were the most contaminated (28%), sinks (16%), inoculating loops (14%), hand jars (14%), refrigerators (12%), scissors (10%), and autoclaves (6%). Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus spp., Pseudomonas aeuroginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, and the fungi Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were identified. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown that hospital surfaces and healthcare-associated equipment is a potential source of nosocomial infections for patients, visitors, and health care workers. Hospitals should enforce regular cleaning and decontamination to forestall the occurrence of nosocomial infections.

Involvement of the Multidrug Efflux Pumps in Betalactams Resistant Pseudomonas aerugionsa Clinical Isolates Collected from Burn Patients in Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aslan Bijari ◽  
Leila Azimi ◽  
Fatemeh Fallah ◽  
Abdollah Ardebili ◽  
Elnaz Lari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efflux Pumps ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pumps
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