ASSESSING LINK BETWEEN ON FARM AGRO-BIODIVERSITY AND FOOD SELF- SUFFICIENCY IN TWO AGRO-ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF NEPAL

Biodiversity is more recognized as a critical component of food production and food security and an important component of environment conservation. So, the paper tries to address the key research questions about the factors influencing crop diversity on the farm and are the household with high farm diversity more food secure or not? The study thus aimed to assess the on-farm crop diversity and their relation to food self-sufficiency in two different agro-ecological regions of Nepal, i.e. Tulsipur sub-metropolitan (inner terai) and Sundarbazar municipality (mid-hill). For this, a total of 70 households were randomly selected, 35 from each region, and semi-structured interviews, direct observation, and focus group discussion were employed to collect primary data. And the richness, Shannon–wiener, Simpson index, and food self-sufficiency level of households were assessed. The Shannon Wiener index of vegetables, spices were found to be 3.770 and 3.721 and that of fruits was found 2.772 and 2.607 in the home garden of Tulsipur and Sundarbazar respectively. Food self-sufficiency was achieved among 40% of households in the Tulsipur while the figure of the Sundarbazar was only 28.6%. The size of cultivated area and species richness was found moderately positive correlated. Statistical analysis showed that agro-biodiversity across two regions had less difference and finally, the paper showed that biodiversity level has a direct link to household food self-sufficiency level which helps in reducing food insecurity. Our results, therefore, promote to make effective implementation of regional food security strategies and policies to improve.

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Community Adaptation Model of Food Security Due to Global Warming in Kulon Progo

10.31227/osf.io/d6jsv ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Sri Rum Giyarsih

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Warming ◽

Food Security ◽

Survey Methods ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Primary Data ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Intergovernmental Panel ◽

Average Temperature ◽

The Impact

Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s surface. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) average temperature of the Earth’s surface was global warming is the increase in the average temperature of the 0.74 ± 0.18 0C (1.33 ± 0.32 F) over the last hundred years. The impact of rising temperatures is the climate change effect on agricultural production. If the community does not craft made adaptation to global warming will have an impact on food security. This research aims to know the society’s adaptation to food security as a result of global warming and to know the influence of global warming on food security. The research was carried out based on survey methods. The influence of global warming on food security is identified with a share of household food expenditure and the identification of rainfall. Sampling was done by random sampling. The Data used are the primary and secondary data. Primary Data obtained through structured interviews and depth interview using a questionnaire while the secondary data retrieved from publication data of the Central Bureau Statistics B(BPS), Department of Agriculture and Climatology Meteorology and Geophysics (BMKG). The expected results of the study is to know variations of food security due to global warming in Kulon Progo Regency. Comprehensive knowledge through community participation and related Government increased food security that is used as the basis for drafting the model society’s adaptation to the impacts of global warming.

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The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo sub-ethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190131 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 229-238 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MARINA SILALAHI ◽

NISYAWATI NISYAWATI

Keyword(s):

Medicinal Plants ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Wiener Index ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Home Garden ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Edible Species ◽

North Sumatra

Silalahi M, Nisyawati. 2018. The ethnobotanical study of edible and medicinal plants in the home garden of Batak Karo subethnic in North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 229-238. The cultivation of plants in home gardens for self-sufficiency is a long tradition in Karo District, but the documentation of local knowledge about edible and medicinal plants in home gardens in Karo District is limited. This study aimed to (i) document the uses of the edible and medicinal plants in home gardens; (ii) to analyze the diversity of edible and medicinal plants in home gardens. Data were collected using the ethnobotanical surveys and interviews methods. The Shannon Weiner and Margalef indices were calculated to determine the diversity levels of medicinal and edible species in the home gardens of Karo ethnic. The surveys were conducted in 30 home gardens (7 villages), Karo District, North Sumatra. The 85 recorded species belonged to 43 families, and 73 genera were used as edible and medicinal plants. The plants studied in the home gardens used for human consumption were i.e. fruits, vegetables, spices, tubers and medicinal plants. Among 85 plant species growing in home gardens, 52 species were cultivated, and the rest were semi cultivated. Home gardens had the Shannon Wiener index ranging from 1.164 to 3.123 while Margalef index ranging from 0.929-2.531.

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Nutrition Security through Sustainable Home Garden Food Production Initiatives

Philippine Social Science Journal ◽

10.52006/main.v3i1.116 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 93-100

Author(s):

Jin Honculada-Genove

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Food Production ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Home Garden ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Food Utilization ◽

Nutrition Security ◽

Home Gardening

Food security is achieved through food availability, economic and physical access, proper food utilization, and food stability. Safeguarding the access to sufficient food is more a problem than availability for the most malnourished group as food insecure households favor quantity over quality to avoid hunger. The Nutrition and Dietetics Department of Silliman University, in partnership with the local government units of San Jose and Amlan in Negros Oriental, launched the Nutrition and Food Security Training Program to reduce the problem of malnutrition. One of the components of the program is sustainable home garden food production, which emphasized the role of home gardening to improve access to food quality, thereby addressing nutrition security. This qualitative study seeks to describe the views of the participants on home vegetable gardening to address food and nutrition security. A total of 20 participants were invited to participate voluntarily in this qualitative study. A focus group discussion was used as a qualitative tool. As a result, participants realized that having a home garden can improve nutrient consumption, provide economic benefits, and address food security of the household. Food security was tenable within their homes through concerted efforts, patience, and love. Barangay policymakers were encouraged to formulate legislation and include in their budget the promotion of home gardens to improve the nutritional status of their constituencies.

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HOME GARDEN, ALONG WITH ITS FUNCTIONAL CATEGORY AND KEY SPECIES REPORTED IN NEPAL: A REVIEW

Reviews In Food And Agriculture ◽

10.26480/rfna.01.2021.16.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 16-19

Author(s):

Janak Adhikari

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Vital Role ◽

Medicinal Herb ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Functional Category ◽

Home Garden ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Home Gardening ◽

Key Species

Home gardening is performed from an ancient period in Nepalese societies. More than 74.5% of the population of the country is involved in an agriculture-based profession in Nepal. Home gardens include the versatile species of trees, vegetables, annual and perennial vegetables, birds and animals, medicinal herb plants on the same land units in a geometric or dimensional proportion. this paper focuses on the presentation of home garden status and present scenario and its interlinkages with home garden. Though sufficient work on home garden has been done but still focus on self-sufficiency and their role in food security has not been reported. The home garden species was found to be of great importance as they play a vital role in conservation of key species.

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On-Farm Crop Diversity for Advancing Food Security and Nutrition

10.5772/intechopen.96067 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bonnie Furman ◽

Arshiya Noorani ◽

Chikelu Mba

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Production Systems ◽

Plant Genetic Resources ◽

Crop Diversity ◽

Food And Agriculture ◽

Food Security And Nutrition ◽

Zero Hunger ◽

Farm Crop ◽

On Farm

In 2019, nearly 690 million people were hungry, indicating that the achievement of Zero Hunger by 2030 is not on-track. The enhanced conservation and use of crop diversity, which demonstrably improves farm productivity and hence food security and nutrition, could be one of the solutions to this problem. The broadening of the inter- and intra-specific diversity of crops contributes to dietary diversification and nutrition and improves the resilience of production systems to shocks, especially the biotic and abiotic stresses attributed to climate change. Examples of successful interventions that resulted in enhanced on-farm crop diversity are provided. Relevant tools and guidelines to strengthen national capacities for the enhanced on-farm management of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture are also highlighted. Guidance, based primarily on the Second Global Plan of Action for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, is presented to enable the conservation of farmers’ varieties/landraces, their genetic improvement and seed delivery systems; promote their cultivation, consumption and marketing; develop and implement policies; foster partnerships and strengthen requisite institutional and human capacities. Finally, the case is made for research and development, including using modern techniques, to achieve these aims.

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Beras Sebagai Sumber Pangan dalam Konteks Kearifan Lokal (Upaya Memperkuat Ketahanan Pangan Rumah Tangga) di Pulau Yamdena, Maluku Tenggara Barat

Agrotek ◽

10.30862/agt.v2i6.537 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Felecia P. Adam ◽

Supri Hadi

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Local Culture ◽

Household Food Security ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Qualitative Descriptive ◽

Cultivation Technology ◽

Area Expansion

<em>The objective of this study was to explore the local culture of Yamdena community in relation to household food security. This study may improve the understanding of food security comprehensively and discovers old or new patterns that can be developed in accordance to local culture in the creating of food self-sufficiency. A qualitative descriptive method was used by using a focus group discussion to explore issues that reveal field real condition. Primer and secondary data were collected from 5 sample villages in MTB regency such as Wowonda, Kandar, Adaut, Witidal, and Wunlah. The results of this study showed that : 1) traditional agricultural practices are strongly attached to Yamdena people�s live. 2) Paddy plant has a sacred value because it deals with the philosophy that it is the mother of all plants, 3) because of this philosophy, paddy can be cultivated widely to meet the food requirements, 4) local paddy production could be increased by the application of excellent paddy varieties, planting area expansion, cultivation technology, and postharvest activity, 5) the achievement of targeted government programs can be accelerated by the application of positive local wisdom.</em>

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Effects of Farmer-Herder Conflicts on Rural Households Food Security in Gombe State, Nigeria

Journal of Agricultural Extension ◽

10.4314/jae.v25i1.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 11-20

Author(s):

Sani Madi Yakubu ◽

Micheal Wandzu Musa ◽

Tologbonse Emmanuel Bamidele ◽

Mahmoud Babawuro Ali ◽

Muhammed Tukur Bappah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Land Tenure ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Rural Households ◽

Farm Size ◽

Primary Data ◽

Extension Agents ◽

Food Security Status ◽

And Control ◽

Structured Questionnaire

The study examined the effects of farmer-herder conflicts on rural households’ food security in Gombe State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire and focus group discussion among 118 farmers and 112 herders. Percentage, tobit and logit regression models were used in analysing the data. The result showed that, household size and education, farm size and cattle route encroachment were the major causes of the conflict. In addition, killing of stray cattle, population growth, rape and sexual harassment were all responsible to farmer-herder conflict with different marginal effects. The study revealed 59.3% of the farmers and 31.3% of the herders, had food insecure with moderate hunger, while 43.7% of the farmers and 66.1% of the herders had food insecurity with severe hunger. Selling of grazing areas, corrupt practices by traditional rulers are some of the constraints that affectsconflict management. There is need to create a platform that will bring all stakeholders together on a quarterly basis in order to have an interaction and to employ extension agents to serve as an intermediary between farmers and herders. There is need for the law makers to revisit the existing 1964 grazing reserves act and 1978 land tenure act so as to give room to accommodate land ownership, usage and control for the competing parties. This may help in reducing the intensity of the conflict. Finally, there is need for the adoption of some mitigating strategies such as alternative dispute resolutions, arrest and prosecution of offenders to manage the reoccurrences of conflicts. Keywords: Farmer-herder conflicts, rural households, food security status.

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Aplikasi Smart Province “Jogja Istimewa”: Penyediaan Informasi Terintegrasi dan Pemanfaatannya

Majalah Geografi Indonesia ◽

10.22146/mgi.31662 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 14 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rini Rachmawati ◽

Elvandio Ramadhan Ramadhan ◽

Amandita ‘Ainur Rohmah

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Focus Group ◽

Visual Information ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Primary Data ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Dissemination Strategy ◽

Qualitative And Quantitative ◽

The Government ◽

Integrated Information

Pemerintah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta menyediakan aplikasi Smart Province ”Jogja Istimewa” untuk mempermudah masyarakat dalam memperoleh informasi terintegrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan; 1) mengidentifikasi penyediaan informasi terintegrasi dalam Aplikasi ”Jogja Istimewa”, 2) menganalisis optimalitas pemanfaatan Aplikasi”Jogja Istimewa”. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Data sekunder diperoleh melalui laporan instansi dan fitur aplikasi melalui smart phone, sedangkan data primer diperoleh dengan jalan indepth interview, focus group discussion, dan wawancara terstruktur. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi ”Jogja Istimewa” terdiri atas informasi terintegrasi dengan penyajian informasi berupa visual, deskripsi yang terintegrasi dengan ruang dan lokasi dalam bentuk peta dan augmented reality. Pemanfaatan Aplikasi ”Jogja Istimewa” melalui pemantauan sistem menunjukkan pemanfaatan yang baik dengan jangkauan pengguna sampai luar wilayah. Disisi lain hasil survei menunjukkan belum optimalnya pemanfaatan aplikasi oleh masyarakat dan wisatawan. Strategi pengenalan dan sosialisasi Aplikasi ”Jogja Istimewa” diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan. The Government of Yogyakarta Special Region provides Smart Province application "Jogja Istimewa" to facilitate the community in obtaining integrated information. The aim of this study; 1) identifying the provision of integrated information in the "Special Jogja" Application, 2) analyzing the optimal use of the "Jogja Istimewa" Application. The research method used is qualitative and quantitative. Secondary data is obtained through agency reports and application features through smart phones, while primary data is obtained through indepth interviews, focus group discussions, and structured interviews. The analysis technique used is descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The results show that the "Jogja Istimewa" application consists of integrated information with the presentation of visual information and description integrated with space and location in the form of maps and augmented reality. Application Utilization "Jogja Istimewa" through monitoring system shows good utilization with the reach of users to outside the region. On the other hand the survey results show not optimal application utilization by society and tourists. The introduction and dissemination strategy of the "Special Jogja" App is required to optimize utilization.

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Livelihood Strategy of Community Forest Users: A Case from Nawalparasi District

Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies ◽

10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19644 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (1-2) ◽

pp. 21-27

Author(s):

Devi Prasad Poudel

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Household Survey ◽

Livelihood Strategies ◽

Primary Data ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Community Forest ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Rural People ◽

Ecological Regions ◽

Forest Users

This paper aims to identify the diversification of livelihood strategies of community forest users of different ecological regions in Nawalparasi district. This paper basically based on primary and secondary sources of information primary information have been collected from focus group discussion, key informant survey and household survey. All the primary data are concerned with forest users of the study area. The forest users of the study area have adopted mainly three types of livelihood strategies i.e. farm based, forest based and off-farm based. The finding of the study shows that livestock farming has occupied major role to achieve the average income from farm based livelihood. The linkages between community forest and livelihood of rural people have been found different in the different ecological regions in the study area. The changing life style of members of community forest users can help to manage the forest and improve the livelihood of rural people with the support of such livelihood options in the study area. Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 21-27

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Postharvest Losses in Quantity and Quality of Table Grape (cv. Crimson Seedless) along the Supply Chain and Associated Economic, Environmental and Resource Impacts

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4450

Author(s):

Anelle Blanckenberg ◽

Umezuruike Linus Opara ◽

Olaniyi Amos Fawole

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Value Chain ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Primary Data ◽

Western Cape ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Postharvest Losses ◽

Table Grapes ◽

On Farm ◽

Global Food

High incidence of postharvest losses is a major challenge to global food security. Addressing postharvest losses is a better strategy to increase business efficiency and improve food security rather than simply investing more resources to increase production. Global estimates show that fruit and vegetables are the highest contributors to postharvest losses and food waste, with 45% of production lost. This represents 38% of total global food losses and waste. However, the lack of primary data on postharvest losses at critical steps in the fruit value chain and the unknown economic, environmental and resource impacts of these losses makes it difficult to formulate mitigation strategies. This paper quantifies postharvest losses and quality attributes of ‘Crimson Seedless’ table grapes at farm and simulated retail levels. Table grapes were sampled from four farms in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, the largest deciduous fruit production and export region in Southern Africa. Mean on-farm losses immediately after harvest was 13.9% in 2017 and 5.97% in 2018, ranging from 5.51% to 23.3% for individual farms. The main reason for on-farm losses was mechanical damage (7.1%). After 14 days in cold storage (−0.3 ± 0.7 °C, 81.3 ± 4.1% RH), mean grape losses were 3.05% in 2017 and 2.41% in 2018, which increased to 7.41% in 2017 and 2.99% in 2018, after 28 days. After 10 days of further storage under simulated market conditions (5.4 ± 0.6 °C, 83.7 ± 2.9% RH), fruit losses were 3.65% during retail marketing and 4.36% during export. Storing grapes under ambient conditions (25.1 ± 1.3 °C and 46.6 ± 6.0% RH) resulted in a higher incidence of losses, increasing from 7.03 to 9.59 and 14.29% after 3, 7 and 10 days, respectively. The socioeconomic impacts of these postharvest losses amounted to financial losses of over ZAR 279 million (USD 17 million according to the conversion rate of 20 October 2020) annually, and this was associated with the loss of 177.43 million MJ of fossil energy, 4.8 million m3 of fresh water and contributed to the emission of approximately 52,263 tons of CO2 equivalent.

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