scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY QUILOMBOS AND BIODIVERSITY PROTECTION: A THEORETICAL CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Oliveira Vilela ◽  
Neio Lucio de Oliveira Campos
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Biodiversity Protection ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Presence Of People

Quilombos were and still are structures that go beyond the typical feature of resistance. These communities are materializations of African social organization that was formed in Brazilian urban and rural areas. An important aspect of the presence of people of African origin in the Brazilian territory concerns the relationship between the quilombola communities and the environment that surrounds them.

scholarly journals The seasonal variability of the amount of global solar radiation reaching the ground in urban and rural areas on the example of Warsaw and Belsk

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Kinga Nelken ◽  
Kamil Leziak
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
Urban Station ◽  
Reverse Relationship ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the contemporary differences in the inflow of global solar radiation in Warsaw (urban station) and Belsk (rural station). The meteorological data used comprised daily sums of global solar radiation (in MJ•m−2) and the duration of sunshine (in hours) for the period 2008 2014. On clear days in spring and summer, the rural area receives more solar radiation in comparison to the urban area, whereas in autumn a reverse relationship occurs. On cloudy days in all seasons, the rural area receives more solar radiation than the urban area, and the relationship is the strongest in winter. Differences between urban and rural areas on cloudy days are smaller than those observed on clear days.

scholarly journals Religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Claudia Payan ◽  
Geraldine Altamar ◽  
Jose F Gomez Montes ◽  
Harold G Koenig
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Fair Poor ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To identify the relationship between religiosity and self-rated health among older adults in Colombia. Methods: Data are drawn from the SABE (Salud, Bienestar y Envejecimiento) Colombia Study, a cross-sectional survey conducted in 2015 involving 18,871 community-dwelling adults aged 60 years and older living in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Religiosity was assessed by self-rated religiosity (how religious are you: not at all, somewhat or very). Self-rated health during previous 30 days was assessed as very good, good, fair, poor or very poor, analyzed as an ordinal variable(1-5) using weighted logistic regression, adjusting for confounders. Results: Those who were more religious were older, female, had lower socioeconomic status, and were more likely to be married. Multivariate analyses demonstrated that older adults who were more religious had better self-rated health (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.86- 0.99, p= 0.038); however, there was a significant interaction effect between gender and religiosity on self-rated health (p= 0.002), such that the relationship between religiosity and health was stronger in men (OR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.79-0.94, p= 0.001) but not significant in women. Conclusion: Older adults in Colombia who consider themselves more religious, especially men, are less likely to perceive their physical health as poor compared to those who are less religious.

A New Framework of Urban and Rural Planning System in Guangdong

2011 ◽  
Vol 368-373 ◽  
pp. 1689-1692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Jin Qi ◽  
Jian Yun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Urban System ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Rural Planning ◽  
Regional Coordination ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
British Planning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Framework

As the "Urban and Rural Planning Law " had been promulgated in 2008, the paper studied the context of socio-economic development and the actual situation of urban and rural development in Guangdong Province, drawing on the experience of the British planning system, proposing the framework of urban and rural planning system as "Provincial Spatial Plan" and "Local Development Plan", which including urban system planning, master plan, detailed plan, village plan four types. The new framework will streamline the planning system, reduce the levels of planning and clear the relationship between different types of planning, contributing to regional coordination in urban and rural areas.

China’s urban-rural relationship: evolution and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghe Zhang ◽  
Yawen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In the 69 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially the 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone profound change. When the deepening reform of the urban-rural relationship is entering a critical period, it is necessary to reassess the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in China and draw a picture for that relationship in the future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper combs the policies on the urban and rural development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes macro data on the industries, population, personal income, and other aspects. Findings The study found that this urbanism affects individuals’ lives and the choices of society through the will of the state, and then provides feedback at the whole level of social values. Originality/value This paper divides the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship into two major stages – nurturing cities with rural areas and leading rural areas with cities, which are then subdivided into five periods. The features of the relationship between the urban and rural areas in different periods are analyzed, and the future development of urban-rural relations is also considered.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and asthma in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review of the urban–rural differences in asthma prevalence

Thorax ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1020-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Rodriguez ◽  
Elizabeth Brickley ◽  
Laura Rodrigues ◽  
Rebecca Alice Normansell ◽  
Mauricio Barreto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundUrbanisation has been associated with temporal and geographical differences in asthma prevalence in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, little is known of the mechanisms by which urbanisation and asthma are associated, perhaps explained by the methodological approaches used to assess the urbanisation-asthma relationship.ObjectiveThis review evaluated how epidemiological studies have assessed the relationship between asthma and urbanisation in LMICs, and explored urban/rural differences in asthma prevalence.MethodsAsthma studies comparing urban/rural areas, comparing cities and examining intraurban variation were assessed for eligibility. Included publications were evaluated for methodological quality and pooled OR were calculated to indicate the risk of asthma in urban over rural areas.ResultsSeventy articles were included in our analysis. Sixty-three compared asthma prevalence between urban and rural areas, five compared asthma prevalence between cities and two examined intraurban variation in asthma prevalence. Urban residence was associated with a higher prevalence of asthma, regardless of asthma definition: current-wheeze OR:1.46 (95% CI:1.22 to 1.74), doctor diagnosis OR:1.89 (95% CI:1.47 to 2.41), wheeze-ever OR:1.44 (95% CI:1.15 to 1.81), self-reported asthma OR:1.77 (95% CI:1.33 to 2.35), asthma questionnaire OR:1.52 (95% CI:1.06 to 2.16) and exercise challenge OR:1.96 (95% CI:1.32 to 2.91).ConclusionsMost evidence for the relationship between urbanisation and asthma in LMICs comes from studies comparing urban and rural areas. These studies tend to show a greater prevalence of asthma in urban compared to rural populations. However, these studies have been unable to identify which specific characteristics of the urbanisation process may be responsible. An approach to understand how different dimensions of urbanisation, using contextual household and individual indicators, is needed for a better understanding of how urbanisation affects asthma.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064470.

scholarly journals Dwelling Fire Safety Evacuation (DFSE): A Conceptual Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 266 ◽  
pp. 05004
Author(s):  
Nurul Ayuni Abdul Aziz ◽  
Rumaizah Mohd Nordin ◽  
Zulhabri Ismail ◽  
Julitta Yunus ◽  
Norfashiha Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Fire Event ◽  
Design Fire ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Safety Evacuation

Fire ignition needs three elements consisting of heat, oxygen and fuel that may lead to a significant threat to life and property, in urban and rural areas. Various researches have produced statistics on fire breakouts around the globe that paid attention to residential fire. In the case of Malaysia, residential or dwellings have contributed to increased fire casualties especially related to the accidental fire that was caused by electrical origins, cooking appliances, faulty or misuse of equipment, careless handling of fire or hot substances as well as negligence. Due to that fact, the most critical features of safety in building in the fire event is evacuation or probability of safe escape. Building Information Modelling (BIM) can be utilized as it is effectively making sure that the evacuation plan is kept up to date and facilitate communications. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a conceptual framework for Dwelling Fire Safety Evacuation (DFSE). The method used for this paper is reviewing literature including journals, conference proceedings, reports and guidelines. The findings of this paper are the components of DSFE conceptual framework which consist of three elements including Fire Scenarios (i.e., design fire and boundary condition), Survival Strategies (i.e., extinguish, shelter and evacuation), and Safety (i.e., shortest time). The conceptual framework is expected to assist in future data collection for the development of the DSFE framework.

scholarly journals Frailty in older adults and their association with social determinants of Health. The SABE Colombia Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Ocampo Chaparro ◽  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Ximena Castro Flórez ◽  
Fernando Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.

Subnational Enterprise: Militarized Mothering, Women’s Entrepreneurial Labour and Generational Dynamics in the Gorkhaland Struggle

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-334
Author(s):  
Debarati Sen
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Feminist Scholarship ◽  
Black Feminist ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Collective Engagement

This article posits that gendered militarized labour, women’s everyday entrepreneurialism and political mobilizations around subnational autonomy are intricately linked. To understand the relationship between these entities, one needs to zero in on the generational dynamics of women’s collective engagement in upholding the martial identity of Gorkhas, and the consequences of such preoccupation on the legibility of Gorkha subjects vis-à-vis the Indian state. To locate the specificity of women’s collective engagements with Gorkhaland, I propose a de-essentialized intersectional perspective in drawing up my framework of ‘subnational enterprise’. I draw from Black Feminist scholarship on the nuances of mothering and community work, strains of Feminist International Relations perspectives that attend to the invisibility of gendered labour in situations of conflict, and the emerging feminist work on entrepreneurialism which emphasize its socio-psychological aspects. My framework of subnational enterprise draws on 16 years of longitudinal ethnographic work in urban and rural areas of Darjeeling, and in this piece, I draw on life history interviews as well as unstructured interviews with men and women in Darjeeling. I advocate for grounded explorations of the relationship between militarization, discourses of belonging and gender identity to explain how right and left agendas jostle within a regional autonomy movement.

scholarly journals THE STUDY OF RESIDING, EMOTION (FEAR OF UNKNOWN) AND SELF

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Shibli ◽  
ASIF ALI TAHIR
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Participants belonging to demarcated areas, 100 from a cautioned area and 100 from not a cautioned area located in close vicinity of a district including 50 male and 50 female in each, equated on education and residing in urban and rural areas were tested for the level of self-efficacy with Self-efficacy Scale and the levels of fear of unknown with a self-evolved scale based on some borrowed items from Beck Anxiety Inventory assuming that both groups of participants may behave differently due to nature of residing area? The results reflected a difference in self-efficacy and unknown fear, the response difference on both measures were also observed in urban and rural areas, significant negative relationship between self-efficacy and unknown fear was also observed. Some gender related information emerged as well. Implication regarding the relationship of residing briefly discussed with reference to town planning, law enforcement and adventurism. </p>

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