scholarly journals Reverse mortgage – a tool of protract the economic independence of senior citizen

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-280
Author(s):  
MANICKAVASAGAM V ◽  
SAHUL HAMEED S
Keyword(s):  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Reverse Mortgage ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Aged Population ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Government

India, the seventh largest country in size, continues to occupy the second largest populated country after China. The aged population in India (i.e. over 60 years) that stood at 84.7 million (7.5 per cent) in 2005 is expected to rise to 141 million (10.2 per cent) by 2020 and thereafter reach 194 million (13 per cent) in 2030. Even though income levels are going up and poverty declining, it can be reasonably expected that a significant number among the aged population would be in the lowincome category. The aged population requires additional attention both from the society and from the Government. More funds need to be allocated for pension, health and other social benefits of the aged people, while declining savings of the aged population could pose a threat in meeting such additional expenditure.

The Pricing Of Petroleum Products In Pakistan

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Mia A M. De Kuijper
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Cost ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
The Government

In Pakistan the prices of petroleum products are set by the government, to raise revenues, stabilize prices, and achieve redistribution and social objectives. But in addition to these benefits, government31 taxes and subsidies for petroleum pro• ducts result in losses in economic efficiency through the misallocation of resources. How do the benefits compare with these losses? Are revenues raised in a manner that minimizes economic waste? Do the subsidies achieve equity or other social benefits at minimum cost?

A Hybrid Equity Release Plan for Retirement Financing

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Koon-Shing Kwong ◽  
Yiu-Kuen Tse ◽  
Junxing Chay
Keyword(s):  
Property Value ◽  
Front Part ◽  
Home Equity ◽  
Reverse Mortgage ◽  
Home Owner ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
The Government

AbstractThere are two main equity release plans for retirement financing: reverse mortgage plan and home reversion plan. Both plans entitle the homeowners not only to release cash from their properties but also to allow them living there for life. In the lease buyback scheme (LBS) recently introduced in Singapore, the home owner sells the tail-end of the property lease to the government in exchange for a cash payment upfront. Unlike the two main equity release plans, the LBS only allows the owner to stay in the property for the front part of the lease but not for life. In this paper, we propose a hybrid home equity release plan that incorporates features of the home reversion plan and the LBS. We provide an actuarial framework to analyze the pricing of the hybrid plan, as well as the LBS and home reversion plan. Some numerical illustrations are presented to show the actuarial values of the plan under different choices of plan parameters, such as the lease period and the portion of property value sold. The hybrid plan provides enhanced flexibility to plan takers to meet their retirement needs.

An Analysis of Quality Liability Insurance for Prefabricated Components Using Evolutionary Game Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Liu ◽  
Chenyao Lv ◽  
Hong Xian Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Zhen Lei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game Theory ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Liability Insurance ◽  
Insurance Companies ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Simulation Calculation ◽  
The Government

Managing quality risks of prefabricated components is one of the challenges for prefabricated construction. The Quality Liability Insurance for Prefabricated Components (QLIPC) is an effective approach to transfer such risks; however, limited research has been conducted regarding the development of QLIPC. This study introduces an Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT)-based approach incorporating decisions from both the government and insurance companies. In the EGT model, a payoff matrix under disparate strategies is constructed, and the evolutionary stable strategies (ESS) are deduced. The simulation calculation is then carried out by MATLAB using sample virtual data to demonstrate the analysis. The results show that the government should act as the game promoter because the QLIPC can reduce governance cost and has significant social benefits. This research contributes a theoretical framework to analyze the QLIPC development using the EGT theory, and it could help the government to make long-term strategies for developing the QLIPC market.

FANTASI KELOMPOK PENDUKUNG PRABOWO DI MEDIA SOSIAL PADA DEBAT PEMILIHAN PRESIDEN INDONESIA 2019

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Laskarko Patria
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Fantasy Theme Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Audience ◽  
Fantasy Themes

This research uses the theory of Symbolic Convergence, with the Subjective-Interpretive paradigm, with the Qualitative approach, and the Fantasy Theme Analysis method. The object of this research is the public audience/netizens who use Youtube-TVONE social media, during the broadcast of the 2019 Presidential Election Debate (Pilpres). Methods of data collection, using Observation and Documentation techniques. Netizens’ comments on Youtube social media at the time of the Debate show, are data that are the object of research. The research data is in the form of comments from netizens who are considered relevant are support presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto. The purpose of this study is to identify and interpret fantasy themes that appear in comments on Youtube. The results showed that fantasy themes that often appear in netizen’s comments are Leadership and Character. The meaning of the imagination of Prabowo’s support group is that the public wants Prabowo to be president, because he has a good character, honest, courageous, assertive, and has a leadership spirit, so he can regulate and discipline state ofcials and realize national economic independence. Prabowo’s support group was convinced that the president had to be replaced, because he did not have a leadership spirit, and the government was now considered less effective, and not pro-people. 

scholarly journals Optimal Design of Bioenergy Supply Chains Considering Social Benefits: A Case Study in Northeast China

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Gao ◽  
Daogang Qu ◽  
Yang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Optimal Design ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Liaoning Province ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

Bioenergy supply chains can offer social benefits. In most related research, the total number of created jobs is used as the indicator of social benefits. Only a few of them quantify social benefits considering the different impact of economic activities in different locations. In this paper, a new method of measuring the social benefits of bioethanol supply chains is proposed that considers job creation, biomass purchase, and the different impacts of economic activities in different locations. A multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is developed to address the optimal design of a bioethanol supply chain that maximizes both economic and social benefits. The ε-constraint method is employed to solve the model and a set of Pareto-optimal solutions is obtained that shows the relationship between the two objectives. The developed model is applied to case studies in Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Actual data are collected as practical as possible for the feasibility and effectiveness of the results. The results show that the bioethanol supply chain can bring about both economic and social benefits in the given area and offers governments a better and more efficient way to create social benefits. The effect of the government subsidy on enterprises’ decisions about economic and social benefits is discussed.

scholarly journals Research on an Enterprise Remanufacturing Strategy Based on Government Intervention

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 6549
Author(s):  
Jian Cao ◽  
Jiayun Zeng ◽  
Yuting Yan ◽  
Xihui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Stackelberg Game ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Green Supply Chain Management ◽  
Green Supply Chain ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
The Government

Due to rapid economic development and population growth, environmental pollution problems such as urban pollution and depletion of natural resources have become increasingly prominent. Municipal solid waste is part of these problems. However, waste is actually an improperly placed resource. As a part of green supply chain management, remanufacturing can turn waste products into remanufactured products for resale. Based on the development status of China’s remanufacturing industry, this paper establishes three Stackelberg game models, namely the free recycling model (model N), the government regulation model based on the reward–penalty mechanism (model G), and the government dual-intervention model (model GF). In this study, the standard solution method for the Stackelberg game method, namely the backward induction method, is applied to solve the dynamic game equilibrium. For comparison, a further numerical analysis is also carried. The research results show that: (1) in the closed-loop supply chain based on remanufacturing, the strengthening of cooperation between manufacturers and remanufacturers is beneficial in terms of maximizing supply chain profits; (2) in order to maximize social benefits, the government needs to intervene in green supply chain management; (3) government regulation is particularly important when the remanufacturing industry is in the initial stage of development; (4) government intervention needs to be based on the development level of the remanufacturing industry; (5) in order to maximize social benefits, it is recommended that the government consider the ratio between the green consumption subsidies and the taxes on new products.

Economic freedom and growth across German districts

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROK SPRUK ◽  
ALEKSANDAR KEŠELJEVIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
East German ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the relationship between economic freedom and growth across 407 German districts (Kreise). We build six indicators of economic freedom and cluster them into categories reflecting tax rates and size of the government and public sector. Exploiting the variation in the constructed indices of economic freedom, the evidence suggests less indebted districts with a lower share of taxes and a relatively smaller public sector achieve consistently higher growth rates and income levels. The beneficial effect of economic freedom on growth is robust to the variety of specification checks and does not appear to be driven by sample selection. The evidence does not indicate a lower level of economic freedom in former East German districts or greater economic freedom in West German districts but unveils a persistent north–south divide in the post-unification period. In the counterfactual scenario, a transition to the 90th percentile of economic freedom is associated with large income and growth gains. Such a transition would yield higher income levels and growth rates with a notable decrease in regional economic inequality within Germany.

Crop Insurance in India – Past, Present&Future

2002 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Insurance Scheme ◽  
Agricultural Insurance ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Government

In a country like India where nearly 2/3rd of the population depends on agriculture for their livelihood and agriculture is prone to the vagaries of nature, crop insurance has to play the role of a vital institution. Crop insurance itself cannot increase productivity or be a source of financing, but it can play a role in enhancing both. The Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme (CCIS) introduced during the VIIth Five-year plan period, despite its shortcomings, farmers received nearly 6 times the premium as claims, but the coverage could not go beyond 5% of the total farming community. The National Agricultural Insurance Scheme (NAIS), which replaced CCIS w.e.f. 1999–00, is an improved version. All successful crop insurance programs worldwide are actively supported and financed by governments and the case is no different for India, as the social benefits outweigh the social costs. The government has two immediate tasks. One, to streamline the financing of crop insurance through single point subsidy and allow the program to run professionally. And second, to improve the scheme substantially through such measures as covering post harvest losses, package policies, reduction of size of insurance unit, streamlining agricultural relief, setting up an exclusive organisation for implementation.

scholarly journals A Note on Russia's Merchandise Balance and Balance of Payments During the Industrialization Era

Slavic Review ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul R. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Balance Of Trade ◽  
Potential Loss ◽  
The Government

Russia's balance of trade (torgovyi balans) and balance of payments (raschetnyi balans) were matters of great concern to the tsarist government before and after the introduction of the gold standard in 1897. Tsarist officials feared that the gold reserves required to maintain (or to go on) the gold standard would be lost if payments abroad exceeded receipts. Moreover, there was concern over the potential loss of political and economic independence if the government had to borrow abroad regularly in order to cover international payments deficits. Russia's foreign policy toward France and Germany was affected significantly by this consideration. Thus, considerable importance rested on the reported estimates of these two balances.

scholarly journals MENTAL REVOLUTION TO INCREASE ECONOMIC INDEPENDENCE AND NATION’S COMPETITIVENESS OF SURAH AR-RA’D VERSE 11 PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Doli Witro ◽  
Betria Zarpina Yanti ◽  
Mhd. Rasidin
Keyword(s):  
Work Ethic ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Government

Observing the reality of the Indonesian nation, which could be said to be in an appalling economic condition, it seems that the desire to do what is known as the Mental Revolution must be intensified. Mental revolution is considered as an alternative solution to the various crisis problems that have plagued this nation, especially concerning economic independence and national competitiveness. Through a mental revolution, the Indonesian nation is believed to be able to rediscover the lost humanity and the starting point for building a new society or a better civilization. In this paper, the author wants to describe the economic independence revolution as an essential part that needs attention in the implementation of the mental revolution program currently being run by the government. This is based on the reality of Indonesian society, which is still shackled by a mentality of a low work ethic, not creative, not innovative, rough work, lazy, and even still adhering to the principle of working a little, the results (money) a lot. In analyzing this problem, the writer explains it based on the analysis of the letter ar-Ra’d verse 11. This verse gives a clue that Allah will not change the economic condition of a country, as long as that country does not change the cause of its economic setback. Likewise, if a nation changes its state from immorality to obedience, then Allah will change his condition from misery to happiness.

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