scholarly journals SEED DEVELOPMENT AND GERMINATION STUDIES OF TWO TRUE MANGROVE SPECIES RHIZOPHORA MUCRONATA POIR AND BRUGUIERA CYLINDRICA (L) BLUME.

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Sekaran S
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
The Family ◽  
Bruguiera Cylindrica ◽  
Collection Time

The present study was carried out on phenological observations and reproductive characteristics including seed development, maturation and number of days taken for produce mature propagules/seeds by the selected two important mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata . Prior Bruguiera cylindrical (L) Blume ofthe family Rhizophoraceae. An interesting adaptation noticed in true mangroves is that or those belonging to the family Rhizhophoraceae reproduce through a unique biological phenomenon called vivipary. In this mode of reproduction in the post fertilization the zygotes stay on the mother plant for a period 3-7 months until they mature in to seedlings or commonly called as propagules. The physiological maturity of seeds generally determined on the basis of accumulation of higher dry weight with maximum germination. In Rhizophora macronata physiological maturity of seed determined as 14th weeks after anthesis. The moisture content of the seed was decreased to with increase of dry weight. In Brugeiera cylindrica, the harvestable maturity can be fixed on 12th weeks after anthesis. It was based on the maximum dry weight. 2.4 gm with minimum fresh weight of 4.09 gm. The germination percentage of seeds was also maximum during that period.Seed maturation studies of Rhizophora mucronata indicate that the best collection time prevails from April to June and in Bruguiera cylindrica the best seed collection time prevails from May to July.

scholarly journals Seed Development and Quality in Maize Cultivars

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazem GHASSEMI-GOLEZANI ◽  
Zahra TAJBAKHSH ◽  
Yaeghoob RAEY
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Filling Phase

In order to evaluate seed development and quality of maize (Zea mays) cultivars (DC-370, SC-500, OSSK-602 and SC-604), a split plot experiment (using R.C.B. design) with three replicates was conducted in 2009 at the Research Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Iran. Seeds were harvested at five day intervals in eight stages. Subsequently, the quality of seed samples was determined in the laboratory. Germination percentage and seedling dry weight were enhanced, but electrical conductivity of seed leachates was reduced with increasing seed weight on mother plant. Maximum seed quality of maize cultivars was attained at the end of seed filling phase. Seed quality at earlier harvests was low, because of immaturity. Differences in maximum seedling dry weight of maize cultivars were attributed to variation in genetic constitution. It was concluded that in maize cultivars, maximum seed quality could be achieved at physiological maturity.

scholarly journals Asymbiotic germination of Vanilla planifolia in relation to the timing of seed collection and seed pretreatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Hsin Yeh ◽  
Kai-Yi Chen ◽  
Yung-I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Outermost Layer ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Seed Pretreatment ◽  
Immature Seeds ◽  
Mature Seeds

Abstract Background Vanilla planifolia is an important tropical orchid for production of natural vanilla flavor. Traditionally, V. planifolia is propagated by stem cuttings, which produces identical genotype that are sensitive to virulent pathogens. However, propagation with seed germination of V. planifolia is intricate and unstable because the seed coat is extremely hard with strong hydrophobic nature. A better understanding of seed development, especially the formation of impermeable seed coat would provide insights into seed propagation and conservation of genetic resources of Vanilla. Results We found that soaking mature seeds in 4% sodium hypochlorite solution from 75 to 90 min significantly increased germination. For the culture of immature seeds, the seed collection at 45 days after pollination (DAP) had the highest germination percentage. We then investigated the anatomical features during seed development that associated with the effect of seed pretreatment on raising seed germination percentage. The 45-DAP immature seeds have developed globular embryos and the thickened non-lignified cell wall at the outermost layer of the outer seed coat. Seeds at 60 DAP and subsequent stages germinated poorly. As the seed approached maturity, the cell wall of the outermost layer of the outer seed coat became lignified and finally compressed into a thick envelope at maturity. On toluidine blue O staining, the wall of outer seed coat stained greenish blue, indicating the presence of phenolic compounds. As well, on Nile red staining, a cuticular substance was detected in the surface wall of the embryo proper and the innermost wall of the inner seed coat. Conclusion We report a reliable protocol for seed pretreatment of mature seeds and for immature seeds culture based on a defined time schedule of V. plantifolia seed development. The window for successful germination of culturing immature seed was short. The quick accumulation of lignin, phenolics and/or phytomelanins in the seed coat may seriously inhibit seed germination after 45 DAP. As seeds matured, the thickened and lignified seed coat formed an impermeable envelope surrounding the embryo, which may play an important role in inducing dormancy. Further studies covering different maturity of green capsules are required to understand the optimal seed maturity and germination of seeds.

Seed development in Malva parviflora: onset of germinability, dormancy and desiccation tolerance

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa J. Michael ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Julie A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Seed Moisture Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Moisture ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Malva Parviflora

Seed development was examined in Malva parviflora. The first flower opened 51 days after germination; flowers were tagged on the day that they opened and monitored for 33 days. Seeds were collected at 12 stages during this period and used to determine moisture content, germination of fresh seeds and desiccation tolerance (seeds dried to 10% moisture content followed by germination testing). Seed moisture content decreased as seeds developed, whereas fresh (max. 296 mg) and dry weight (max. 212 mg) increased to peak at 12–15 and ~21 days after flowering (DAF), respectively. Therefore, physiological maturity occurred at 21 DAF, when seed moisture content was 16–21%. Seeds were capable of germinating early in development, reaching a maximum of 63% at 9 DAF, but germination declined as development continued, presumably due to the imposition of physiological dormancy. Physical dormancy developed at or after physiological maturity, once seed moisture content declined below 20%. Seeds were able to tolerate desiccation from 18 DAF; desiccation hastened development of physical dormancy and improved germination. These results provide important information regarding M. parviflora seed development, which will ultimately improve weed control techniques aimed at preventing seed set and further additions to the seed bank.

scholarly journals Phenological Study and Determination of Physiological Maturity of Purwoceng Seeds

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Rusmin ◽  
Ireng Darwati
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Germination Speed ◽  
Research Institute

The experiment was conducted at Gunung Putri Experimental Station and PlantPhysiology Laboratory of Indonesian Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Research Institute(IMACRI), from November 2008 to July 2009. The aim of the experiment was to determinephysiological maturity of Pimpinella pruatjan seed and to study its morphological structures.Observation and sampling using one hundred plants with four replications. Results of theexperiment showed that the physiological seed maturity on the first and third umbell of P.Pruatjan was achieved at 7 weeks after anthesis, and physiological seed maturity on thesecond umbell was achieved at 8 weeks after anthesis. Seed dry weight on the physiologicalseed maturity on first, second and third umbells were 166,87; 158,20, and 141,35 mg/100pericarp, respectively. Germination percentage and germination speed on the first, secondand third umbells were 5,75 % and 0,22 %/etmal; 22,75 % and 0,94 %/etmal; 10,50 % and0,38 %/etmal, respectively.Keywords: flowering, pruatjan, seed quality, morphology

scholarly journals Seed Source and Quality Influence Germination in Purple Coneflower [Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench.]

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1443-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Wartidiningsih ◽  
R.L. Geneve
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Purple Coneflower ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Two Temperature ◽  
Effect Of Light

Six seed lots of purple coneflower were purchased from four commercial seed sources and evaluated for germination in either light or darkness in combination with two temperature regimes (constant 27C vs. alternating 30C for 8 hours and 20C for 16 hours). Seed lot differences accounted for the majority of variation, with two seed lots exhibiting high (81% to 91%) germination and the remaining seed lots having 39% to 66% germination. There was no effect of light on germination, regardless of the seed lot. However, alternating temperatures improved germination in one of the low-germination seed lots. Seed size and inflorescence position did not affect seed germination. Seed harvested at physiological maturity (maximum seed dry weight), but before drying had occurred, had a higher germination percentage than seeds harvested after desiccation, and they maintained a higher germination percentage even after 1 year in storage.

scholarly journals Effects of different treatments on seed dormancy breaking and germination in Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Hanife Erdogan Genç ◽  
Ali Ömer Üçler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Germination Value ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Collection Time

This study was carried out to determine effects of different pretreatment on seed germination and to overcome dormancy in Acer cappadocicum seeds. The seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to overcome dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2)soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA<sub>3</sub> (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 <sup>0</sup>C and in greenhouse conditions. This research showed that seeds of Acer cappadocicum exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to overcome seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA<sub>3</sub> process after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 62 % for Acer cappadocicum seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (95 %). It was found out that GA<sub>3</sub> treatment had a significant effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 <sup>0</sup>C but GA<sub>3</sub> treatment didn’t have a significant effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. GA<sub>3</sub> treatment and soaking of unstratified seeds in water for 48 hr didn’t have any positive effect on germination value in greenhouse conditions. Although growth chamber and green house results both indicated that seed collection time did not seem to play a role as statistically on seed germination, Duncan’s test showed that the third seed collection time was in a different group.

Fruit and Seed Development of Sorbus pohuashanensis Hedl

2011 ◽  
Vol 393-395 ◽  
pp. 772-775
Author(s):  
Ling Yang ◽  
Yu Hua Li ◽  
Hai Long Shen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Development ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Embryo Formation ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Embryo Length

Seed development traits of Sorbus pohuashanensis are discussed with special regard to embryo formation. The purpose of this research was to provide additional data for understanding embryo developmental processes and identifying the appropriate developmental stage for seed collection in S. pohuashanensis. A correlation was found between the embryo developmental stages and the time after pollination. The developmental stages cover globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo stages within 30 days post-pollination. There were significant differences in embryo length, width and length to width ratio at different development stages. A significant negative correlation between embryo dry weight (DW) and moisture content (MC) was also observed.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN BIOLOGIS DAN FISIOLOGIS SEBAGAI INDIKATOR MASAK BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
BAHARUDIN BAHARUDIN ◽  
M.R. SUHARTANTO ◽  
S. ILYAS ◽  
A. PURWANTARA
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Research Institute

<p>ABSTRAK</p><p>Program pengembangan dan rehabilitasi tanaman kakao membutuh-kan benih bermutu. Mutu benih antara lain ditentukan oleh saat panenyang tepat, terutama berhubungan dengan masak fisiologis. Beberapaindikator penting yang berkaitan dengan masak fisiologis benih adalahkarakteristik biologis dan fisiologis. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan diKebun Induk Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao (Puslitkoka) Jember,Laboratorium Fisika dan Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih IPB,serta Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitan Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia,Bogor pada bulan Februari-September 2008. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk(1) mempelajari perubahan biologis dan fisiologis selama perkembanganbenih kakao hibrida, (2) mengetahui hubungan antar berbagai karakterbiologis dan fisiologis benih yang mencerminkan mutu benih, dan (3)menentukan saat panen yang tepat benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 xSca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Benih yang digunakan berasal dari hasilpersilangan buatan antara kakao TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6.Umur panen benih yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah 120, 135, 150,165, dan 180 hari yang dihitung saat setelah antesis, dan setiappengamatan diulang 4 kali. Analisis data disajikan dalam bentuk grafikdengan data primer ditambah standar deviasi dalam program Excel danuntuk mengetahui hubungan dari masing-masing karakter mutu benihdilakukan ”analisis path” menggunakan SAS dari Windows v 9.1. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan dua fase perkembangan benih. Fase perkem-bangan hingga masak fisiologis (fase 1) dan fase setelah masak fisiologis(fase 2) kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6. Masakfisiologis benih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 tercapai pada saat 150HSA dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 pada 165 HSA. Daya kecambah, indeks vigor,K CT -R, T 50 , bobot basah dan bobot kering benih, karotenoid dan antosianinbenih dan buah, jumlah daun, dan tinggi bibit dari benih kakao hibridaTSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 mencapai maksimum pada saatmasak fisiologis dan menurun pada fase kedua. Selama periodeperkembangan benih terjadi penurunan total klorofil benih dan buah,sedangkan warna buah kuning mengalami peningkatan. Karakter yangberhubungan langsung dengan mutu benih pada saat masak fisiologisbenih kakao hibrida TSH 858 x Sca 6 dan ICS 60 x Sca 6 adalah warnabuah kuning, indeks vigor, total klorofil benih dan buah, karotenoid danantosianin benih, T 50 , tinggi bibit, K CT -R, dan bobot kering benih.</p><p>Kata kunci: Theobroma cacao, biologi benih, fisiologi benih, karakteristikbenih, mutu benih</p><p>ABSTRACT</p><p>Biological and Physiological Changes as Indicator ofMaturity of Hybrid Cacao Seed</p><p>The development and rehabilitation programs of cacao need highquality seeds. The high quality of cacao seeds is influenced by seedsphysiological maturity and harvesting time. Several important indicatorsrelated to the seed physiological maturity are biological and physiologicalcharacters. The research objectives were: (1) to study biological andphysiological changes during of seed development, (2) to study on thecorrelation of various characteristics related with seeds physiology andquality, (3) to determine the most appropriate harvesting time for hybridcacao seed of TSH 858 x Sca 6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6. The research wasconducted at Coffee and Cacao Research Institute of Indonesia(Puslitkoka) in Jember, IPB Biophysics and Seeds and TechnologyLaboratory and Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate CropsIndonesia glass house in Bogor from February to September 2008. Theseeds were originated from hand pollination of TSH 858 vs Sca 6 and ICS60 vs Sca 6 hybrids from Puslitkoka Jember. The seeds for this researchwere harvested on: 120, 135, 150, 165, and 180 days after anthesis (DAA);with four replications each. Data were analyzed and presented as graphs,standard deviation in excel; while the relationship of each character ofseeds quality was determined using path analysis by SAS for Windows v.9.1. The results showed that the seed physiological changed on two phasesduring its development. The first phase started from seeds development upto physiological maturity for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and as well ICS 60 x Sca 6hybrids, and second phases started after physiological maturity. Thephysiological maturity of each seeds is 150 DAA for TSH 858 x Sca 6 and165 DAA for ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids. Seed germination percentage, vigorindex, germination rate (K CT -R and T 50 ), wet and dry weight of seed, seedsand fruits carotenoid content, seed and fruit anthocyanin content, numberof leaves, and height of seedling reached maximum when seed achievedphysiological maturity and decreased afterward. During seed development,there was decreasing of seeds and fruits chlorophyll content and increasedfor the yellow color of fruit. The characters which showed directcorrelation with seeds quality during seed development of TSH 858 x Sca6 and ICS 60 x Sca 6 hybrids are: yellow color of fruit, vigor index,chlorophyll content for seeds and fruit, seed carotenoid and anthocyanincontent, germination rate (T 50, K CT -R), seedling height and seed dry weight.</p><p>Key words: Theobroma cacao, seed biological, seed physiological, seedcharacteristic, seed quality</p>

scholarly journals Seed dormancy removal treatments and germnaton characterstcs of Acer trautvetteri Medvedev seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 144 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 473-473
Author(s):  
Hanife Erdogan Genç ◽  
Ali Ömer Üçler
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Physiological Dormancy ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Collection Time

In this study, seed dormancy removal and germination characteristics of Acer trautvetteri Medvedev, is one of the major maple species of the eastern Black Sea region, were studied. To do that, the seeds were collected in 2008 three times with aproximately 15-days intervals. In order to remove dormancy, several germination treatments were applied. The treatments were (1) different seed collection time, (2) soaking in water, (3) cold-moist stratification and (4) GA3 (gibberellic acid) application. The treated seeds were germinated in growing chamber at 5 0C and in greenhouse conditions. This research indicated that seeds of Acer trautvetteri exhibit physiological dormancy and require stratification period to remove seed dormancy. The highest germination percentage in the growing chamber subjected to GA3 application after eight weeks of stratification treatment was 66 % for Acer trautvetteri seeds. The highest germination percentage in greenhouse was obtained with cold stratification after eight weeks (81 %). Although GA3 treatment had a positive effect on germination in growth chamber + 5 0C, GA3 treatment had a negative effect on germination in greenhouse conditions. Soaking in water of nonstratified seeds wasn’t any significant difference on seed germination. There was a positive correlation between seed collection time and germination (r=0.59). As a result, the third collection time (in october) should be preferred as seed collection time in Acer trautvetteri seeds, considering that it may vary according to the climatic conditions of the year.

scholarly journals Studies on seed maturation in Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. for identification of best collection time

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maitreyee Kundu ◽  
Tehsildar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Optimal Harvest

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal harvest time for seeds of Butea monosperma as defined by fruit maturation stage. The seeds were harvested at different stages of their development and fruit and seed size, fresh and dry mass, moisture content, germination percentage, tolerance to drying were recorded. Though fresh weight of both fruits and seeds reached maximum at 58 DAA, dry weight of fruits and seeds continued to increase up to 73 DAA till the time of seed dispersal. Onset of germinability (25%) was observed at 58 DAA before the completion of dry mass accumulation. Full germinability and tolerance to low moisture content were achieved at 73 DAA at the time of seed shedding. At this stage colour of the seed turned brown that can be used as a visual indicator for time of seed collection.

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