Allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves and branches of mint under the initial development of cowpea beans

This study aimed to evaluate the allelopathic activity of aqueous extracts of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) leaves on germination and initial growth of canola (Brassica napus L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings. Two experiments were conducted, usingcanola seeds for the first, which was installed in a 2x7 factorial scheme (with two photoperiods – dark and light and seven extracts concentrations - 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32%). The second experiment consisted of an evaluation of radish seed germination submitted to seven concentrations of the extracts in the dark photoperiod. The germination of the canola seeds was reduced in the dark, and the use of extracts at concentrations of 16% and 32%inhibited seeds germination for both studied photoperiods. The radish seed germination was completely inhibited when the concentration of 32% was used, however, at the concentrations of 4, 8 and 16% a reduction on rootand hypocoyl development of the seedlings were observed, affirming the high allelopathic potential of castor bean aqueous extracts on canola and radish.

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Study of Plants With Allelopathic Potential in the Initial Development of Lettuce

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n7p281 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 281

Author(s):

Bruna de Villa ◽

Deonir Secco ◽

Luciene Kazue Tokura ◽

Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi ◽

Maritane Prior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Invasive Plants ◽

Rapid Response ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Initial Development ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Inappropriate Use

The inappropriate use of herbicides has increased the resistance of weeds; thus, the study of allelopathy becomes of paramount importance. The ability of certain plants to interfere with the metabolism of others by means of substances released into the environment, either by their aerial or roots system, becomes an alternative to combat invasive plants, dispensing with or reducing the use of herbicides. The objective of this work was to evaluate the plant species most sensitive to the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts. One of the plant species studied was lettuce because it had a rapid response potential, thus showing the benefits obtained through allelopathy.

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Allelopathy of Cover Crops on the Germination and Initial Development of Euphorbia heterophylla

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n14p74 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 74 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexandre Bianchini ◽

Pedro Valério Dutra de Moraes ◽

Juliana Domanski Jakubski ◽

Cristiana Bernardi Rankrape ◽

Elyoenay Gadyel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Weed Management ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Chenopodium Quinoa ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Germination Test ◽

Initial Development ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Avena Strigosa

Cover crop is a important way for weed management in agriculture. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous extracts of the aerial part of Avena strigosa, Cichorium intybus, Chenopodium quinoa and Fagopyrum esculentum in different concentrations on the germination and development of Euphorbia heterophylla. The experimental design was completely randomized, in factorial 4 × 5 with four replicates. Factor A-aqueous extracts of the aerial part of the cover plants and factor B-concentrations of 0%; 1%, 2.5%, 5% and 10%. A total of 25 E. heterophylla seeds, arranged in gerboxes, were used and 15 ml of the extracts were added according to the treatments. The germination test was performed in a growth chamber (BOD) with photoperiod of 12/12 light/dark hours and constant temperature of 25±1 °C. The data were submitted to analysis of variance by the F test, a comparison was made between means and the concentration factor of the extracts and the regression analysis. The C. quinoa aqueous extracts (10%) presented greater allelopathic potential than the other extracts in the variables tested for E. heterophylla. C. intybus presented allelophatic potential with results superior to A. strigosa and F. esculentum. The C. quinoa and C. intybus extracts have allelopathic potential when compared to the control with the highest dose (10%), interfering mainly in the root portion of E. heterophylla.

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Efeito Alelopático de Extratos Aquosos de Persea americana Mill. Sobre a Germinação e Desenvolvimento Inicial de Lactuca sativa L.

Ensaios e Ciência C Biológicas Agrárias e da Saúde ◽

10.17921/1415-6938.2018v22n3p148-151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (3) ◽

pp. 148

Author(s):

Uéliton Alves De Oliveira ◽

Alex Souza Rodrigues ◽

Elisa Dos Santos Cardoso ◽

Ana Aparecida Bandini Rossi

Keyword(s):

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Water Control ◽

Initial Development ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Randomized Design

O abacateiro é uma planta frutífera, de porte arbóreo, cultivada em diversas regiões do Brasil, sendo utilizado tanto como alimento quanto fitoterápico. Estudos recentes indicam que compostos químicos, considerados fitoterápicos, podem afetar a germinação de sementes e o desenvolvimento de plântulas. Neste contexto, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar o efeito alelopático de extratos aquosos das folhas de Persea americana Mill (abacateiro) sobre a germinação e desenvolvimento inicial de alface (Lactuca sativa L.). O experimento foi realizado em câmara de germinação, utilizando extratos aquosos obtidos por meio de decocção e infusão, nas concentrações 4,0, 12,0 e 20,0 mg mL-1, e água destilada (controle), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com 4 repetições de 50 sementes cada. Para avaliar o potencial alelopático foram realizados os testes de Porcentagem de Germinação (PG), Primeira Contagem (PC), Índice de Velocidade de Germinação (IVG) e Tempo Médio de Germinação (TMG) das sementes, além do Comprimento da Parte Aérea (CPA) e Comprimento do Sistema Radicular (CSR) das plântulas da alface. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância pelo teste F e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os extratos interferiram, significativamente, no CPA e apresentaram interação significativa para as variáveis PC, PG e CPA, sendo que o decocto, quando comparado ao infuso, ambos na concentração 4 mg mL-1 estimulou o crescimento, diferindo estatisticamente do infuso e do controle negativo. Os resultados indicam que ambos os extratos podem ser utilizados como insumo biológico, sendo o infuso como bioherbicida e o decocto como biofertilizante. Palavras-chave: Abacateiro. Alelopatia. Metabólitos Secundários. AbstractAvocado is a fruitful, large-sized plant, grown in several regions of Brazil, used both as food and phytotherapy. Recent studies indicate that chemical compounds considered phytotherapic can affect seed germination and seedling development. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of leaves of Persea americana Mill (avocado) on germination and initial development of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). The experiment was carried out in a germination chamber, using aqueous extracts obtained by means of decoction and infusion, at concentrations 4.0, 12.0 and 20.0 mg mL-1, and distilled water (control), in a completely randomized design (DIC), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds each. In order to evaluate the allelopathic potential, the Germination Percentage (PG), First Count (PC), Germination Speed Index (IVG) and Mean Germination Time (TMG) tests were performed in addition to the Aerial Part Length (CPA) and Root Length (CSR) of lettuce seedlings. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F test and the averages were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability. The extracts interfered significantly in the CPA and presented significant interaction for the variables PC, PG and CPA, and the decoction, when compared to the infusion, in the concentration 4 mg mL-1, stimulated the growth, differing statistically from the infusion and control negative. The results indicate that both extracts can be used as biological inputs, being the infusion as bioherbicide and decoction as biofertilizer. Keywords: Avocado. Allelopathy. Secondary metabolites.

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Herbicidal potential of Aerva javanica to control wild oat in wheat crop

Allelopathy Journal ◽

10.26651/allelo.j/2020-51-2-1299 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (2) ◽

pp. 177-194

Author(s):

Al-Ghamdi A.M. ◽

El-Zohri M

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Soluble Carbohydrates ◽

Wheat Crop ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Wild Oat ◽

Culture Experiment ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Wheat Germination ◽

Radical Length

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

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EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ

Revista ECIPeru ◽

10.33017/reveciperu2007.0007/ ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Keyword(s):

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Ruta Graveolens ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Water Treatments

EFECTO ALEPOPÁTICO DE TRES EXTRACTOS VEGETALES SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) EN EL PERÚ ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF THREE PLANTS EXTRACTS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF RAPHANUS SATIVUS (BRASSICACEAE) IN PERÚ Hildebrando Ayala & Rafael La Rosa DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2007.0007/ RESUMEN El uso de plantas con actividad alelopática en la actualidad resulta de gran importancia porque nos permite el desarrollo de una agricultura rentable y no contaminante del medio ambiente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la acción de extractos acuosos de ajo (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), palta (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) y ruda (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) sobre el desarrollo de la hortaliza rabanito (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). Los extractos se prepararon a partir de bulbos de A. sativum, semilla de P. americana y hojas y flores de R. graveolens a los cuales triturados se le adiciona agua hervida. Los tratamientos fueron extractos puros al (20% p/v). El diseño fue completamente aleatorizado con 4 repeticiones. Se determino peso fresco (g), peso seco (g), longitud de raíz (cm), longitud área (cm) y área foliar(cm2). Los datos se analizaron mediante ANOVA y Test de Tukey para la comparación de medias. Los resultados alcanzados muestran de que no existe efectos significativos en comparación con el control, del potencial alelopático de los extractos acuosos evaluados bajo condiciones controladas. Palabras claves: Extractos acuosos, semillas, hojas, flores, bulbos, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens. ABSTRACT The use of plants with allelopathic activity nowadays is very important because it allows us to develop a profitable agriculture and non-polluting the environment. The objective of this work was to study the action of aqueous extracts of garlic (Allium sativum L, Liliaceae), avocado (Persea americana Mill, Lauraceae) and rough (Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae) on the development of vegetable radish (Raphanus sativus L, Brassicaceae). The extracts were prepared from A. sativum bulbs, P. americana seeds and R. graveolens leaves and flowers to which he adds crushed boiled water. Treatments were the pure extracts (20% w / v). The design was completely randomized with 4 repetitions. It was found fresh weight (g), dry weight (g), root length (cm) long area (cm) and leaf area (cm2 ). The data was analyzed with Anova and Tukey test for the comparison of averages. The results show that there is no significant effects compared to the control of allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts tested under controlled conditions. Keywords: Aqueous extracts, seed, leaves, flowers, bulbs, Allium sativum, Persea americana, Ruta graveolens.

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Comparative allelopathic potential of metabolites of two Alternanthera species against germination and seedling growth of rice

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000100001 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Mehmood ◽

A. Tanveer ◽

M.A. Nadeem ◽

Z.A. Zahir

Keyword(s):

Seedling Growth ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Seedling Vigor ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Plant Parts ◽

Vigor Index ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of plant parts of Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis and soil incorporated residues on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa). Aqueous extracts prepared from different plant parts of Alternanthera species delayed rice germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides and A. sessilis inhibited rice germination by 9-100% and 4-49%, respectively. Germination of rice seeds was reduced with increasing concentration of aqueous leaf extracts of both weed species. Early seedling growth (root and shoot lengths) and seedling vigor index were significantly reduced by 5% aqueous leaf extract compared with distilled water treated control. Germination, root and shoot lengths, root and shoot dry weights and seedling vigor index of rice were drastically reduced by 3 and 4% in residue infested soil compared with residue free soil. The inhibitory effect of A. philoxeroides in terms of germination and seedling growth of rice was greater than that of A. sessilis. Five percent aqueous leaf extract and 4% residue infested soil of A. philoxeroides caused complete failure of rice seed germination. Alternanthera philoxeroides contained water soluble phenolics, namely 4 hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid (16.19 mg L-1) and m-coumaric acid (1.48 mg L-1), whereas Alternanthera sessilis was rich in chlorogenic acid (17.85 mg L-1), gallic acid (11.03 mg L-1) and vanillic acid (9.88 mg L-1). The study indicates that the allelopathic potential of Alternanthera species may play an important role in enhancing the invasiveness of these species and may suppress rice plants in the vicinity.

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Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/139/2010-pse ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 52-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Jafariehyazdi ◽

F. Javidfar

Keyword(s):

Germination Rate ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Hypocotyl Length ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Brassica Spp ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Two Stages

Members of Brassicaceae have been frequently cited as allelopathic crop. The toxic effect of Brassica spp. may be caused by hydrolysis products of glucosinolates that occur in substantial amounts in the vegetative parts of Brassica spp. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea on the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extracts of three species from two stages (full flowering and straw) of sampling were separately made with 0 (distilled water), 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentrations. This experiment was conducted in 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with five replications. There was a highly significant difference among different concentrations of extracts and also between two stages of extraction. All aqueous extracts significantly affected sunflower germination, germination rate, seedling root and hypocotyl length, fresh and dry matter weight when compared with distilled water control. The greatest concentration showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Root length was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl length.

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Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allelopathic Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl (Cyperaceae)

Journal of Agricultural Studies ◽

10.5296/jas.v8i3.16353 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 310

Author(s):

Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽

José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽

Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽

Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽

Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Extract ◽

High Performance ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Allelopathic Effect ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Allelopathic Potential ◽

Phytotoxic Activity ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

Germination Bioassays

The allelopathic potential of some plant species has been scientifically proven over the years. The use of such natural compounds with phytotoxic activity is an alternative to synthetic herbicides. Thus, this research aims to analyze the phytochemical profile and the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. The allelopathic potential was evaluated by germination bioassays using seeds from two receptor species (Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson) and seven concentrations of aqueous extracts of F. miliacea aerial and underground parts in triplicate. The variables evaluated were germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to F test and the averages to regression analysis. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of F. miliacea through phytochemical screening and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The aqueous extracts of aerial and underground parts of F. miliacea inhibit the germination of E. fosbergii seeds at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15 and 30%). However, the same extracts do not show any effects when evaluated in L. sativa seeds. The aqueous extract of F. miliacea shows important chemical constituents (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, rutin, luteolin, apigenin, acacetin, and alkaloids) that can be directly related to the allelopathic effects observed in E. fosbergii seeds.

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Allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry (Eugenia uniflora L.) on lettuce and maize

Acta Scientiarum Biological Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascibiolsci.v40i1.40972 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 40972

Author(s):

Nayara Parisoto Boiago ◽

Andréa Maria Teixeira Fortes ◽

Daiane Maria Pilatti ◽

Paulo Sérgio Siberti da Silva

Keyword(s):

Experimental Design ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Root Length ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Initial Development ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Time Index ◽

Germination Speed

This study aimed to analyse the allelopathic bioactivity of fresh and infused aqueous extracts of Brazilian cherry leaves on the germination of lettuce and the initial development of maize. Brazilian cherry leaves were used to prepare a fresh aqueous extract (200 g L-1) and an infused extract (100 g L-1), which were diluted to concentrations of 0.4, 0.8, 1.2, 1.6 or 2.0% w/v. The variables evaluated in lettuce were the germination rate (GR), germination time index (GTI), germination speed index (GSI) and root length (RL). To determine the effect on the initial development of maize, we measured the shoot (SL) and root (RL) length. The experimental design included a factorial 2 × 5 design (two extracts and five concentrations), in addition to a control treatment (no extract). In general, the allelopathic bioactivity differed between the fresh and infused extracts. The fresh extract was more phytotoxic for the GR and RL of lettuce. Some beneficial results were observed for the infused extract, including an increase in the RL of lettuce and SL of maize. These effects were dependent on the extract concentration. Thus, there is evidence that Brazilian cherry extracts have allelopathic bioactivity.

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