scholarly journals Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Jafariehyazdi ◽  
F. Javidfar
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Two Stages

Members of Brassicaceae have been frequently cited as allelopathic crop. The toxic effect of Brassica spp. may be caused by hydrolysis products of glucosinolates that occur in substantial amounts in the vegetative parts of Brassica spp. This study investigated the allelopathic potential of Brassica napus, B. rapa and B. juncea on the sunflower seed germination and seedling growth. Aqueous extracts of three species from two stages (full flowering and straw) of sampling were separately made with 0 (distilled water), 10, 20, 30 and 40% concentrations. This experiment was conducted in 2 × 3 × 5 factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with five replications. There was a highly significant difference among different concentrations of extracts and also between two stages of extraction. All aqueous extracts significantly affected sunflower germination, germination rate, seedling root and hypocotyl length, fresh and dry matter weight when compared with distilled water control. The greatest concentration showed a stronger inhibitory effect. Root length was more sensitive to extracts than hypocotyl length.

scholarly journals Allelopathy of extracts of Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia on snapdragon seeds germination

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Gomes Pêgo ◽  
Cíntia Maria Teixeira Fialho
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Germination Vigor ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Seeds Germination

Snapdragon (Anthirrhinum majus L.) is an ornamental plant propagated by seeds and usually cultivated in beds. In production fields occur many weeds, such as Cyperus rotundus and Oxalis latifolia, which can decrease flower production by competition or releasing allelopathic components. However, there is few knowledge about the effect of these allelopathic components on snapdragon seed germination. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia on the germination of snapdragon. For this, 10 g of material vegetal from whole plants of C. rotundus or O. latifolia were ground in 100 mL of water (10% w v-1). The dilutions of aqueous extracts in 75%, 50%, 25% and 0 were prepared using distilled water. The seeds were kept in paper moistened with extracts, in box gerbox-type, and conditioned in a germination chamber for 11 days. After 11 days the percentage of germination, vigor, germination speed index (GSI), percentage of abnormal seedlings and dead seeds, root length and shoot seedlings were evaluated. Extracts of C. rotundus and O. latifolia reduced the percentage of seed germination by up to 17.6% and 43.7%, respectively. The vigor was reduced from 55.0% to 28.5% and IVG reduced from 27 to 12 in extracts of O. latifolia. The maximum of 49.5% and 35.5% of dead seeds was obtained in extracts of O. latifolia and C. rotundusrespectively. The highest concentrations of extracts of both species altered the morphology of snapdragons seedlings reducing the length of radicle and shoot.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PERLAKUAN SKARIFIKASI TERHADAP DAYA KECAMBAH TANAMAN SAGA POHON (Adenanthera pavonina L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Cindy Yurike Aprilia, Liman, Muhtarudin dan Agung Kusuma Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Hard Seed ◽  
Adenanthera Pavonina ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Difference Test

This research aimed to investigate the effect of various scarification treatments on the germination of tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were P0 (control), P1 (soaked using distilled water for 24 hours), P2 (soaked using hot water 60 °C for 15 minutes), P3 (sanded skin), P4 (soaked using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes), and P5 (soaked using goat urine for 30 minutes).  The data obtained were analyzed by Analysis of Variance and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) level of 5%. The results showed that the treatment had a very significant effect (P <0.01) on germination rate. The best treatment that can increase the germination of a tree saga seeds (Adenanthera pavonina L.) was by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. This treatment can produce an average germination of 78.89%, while the treatment that produce the highest abnormal seeds was found in the treatment by soaking using 1% H2SO4 for 30 minutes.  The treatment that produce normal seeds, dead seeds, and the highest fungus-stricken seeds were found in the treatment by eroding the seed skin using sandpaper. The treatment that produced the highest hard seed was control.   Keywords: Germination, Saga, Scarification.

scholarly journals Agronomic performance and physicochemical characteristics of onion genotypes under different spacing in the humid Amazonian tropics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-349
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Piacentini ◽  
Bruna Corrêa Moreira ◽  
Cláudia Barbosa Cordeiro ◽  
Augusto Uchoa de Andrade ◽  
Marcos Ribeiro da Silva Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Line Spacing ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Two Stages

The Southwest region of Pará state, Brazil, imports 100% of all onion consumed from other regions of the country, which generates market dependence and raises the product's costs. The present study investigated parameters related to germination, agronomic performance and postharvest characteristics of five onion cultivars at different planting densities. The experiment was conducted in two stages. In the first, in a greenhouse, the germination kinetics was evaluated. In the second, in the field, the seedlings were transplanted into beds. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with three replications. The treatments consisted of the combination of five cultivars (Mata Hari, Dulciana, Cimarron, NUN 1205-F1 and Vale Ouro IPA 11) and three line spacing (20, 30 and 40 cm) 8 cm between plants. As for the germination rate (GR), the results allowed to highlight the cvs. Cimarron and Vale Ouro IPA 11 with an 80.55% and 77.77% of GR, respectively. There was a significant difference for total bulb productivity, highlighting Vale Ouro IPA 11 in the 8 x 20 cm spacing. For the bulb diameter, cv. Vale Ouro IPA 11 obtained the best results in all classes. In the average weight of the bulbs, cv. Vale Ouro IPA 11 in the 8 x 40 cm spacing was the best treatment with 60.77g. As for total soluble solids, cv. Vale Ouro IPA 11 presented °Brix higher than the others, being significant at 1%. These results demonstrate that it is possible to produce quality onions in the Southwest region of Pará, which would reduce prices, since all commercialized onions come from regions outside the state.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Profile and Evaluation of the Allopathic Effect of Three Species of the Genus Cyperus (Cyperaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia Martins Da Silva ◽  
José Jailson Lima Bezerra ◽  
Ana Paula Do Nascimento Prata ◽  
Renan Cantalice De Souza ◽  
Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Germination Bioassays

The genus Cyperus is widely distributed worldwide and occurs in various regions of Brazil. Research has reported the allelopathic potential of species belonging to this genus. From this perspective, the present study analyzes the phytochemical profile and allelopathic effect of seven concentrations of the aqueous extracts of Cyperus distans L., Cyperus laxus Lam., and Cyperus rotundus L. The allelopathic potential was evaluated in triplicate from germination bioassays on seeds of two species, Lactuca sativa L. and Emilia fosbergii Nicolson. In addition, phytochemical analyses were performed to analyze possible allelochemicals present in aqueous extracts of three species by phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The evaluated variables were: germination (G) and germination speed index (GSI). The data obtained were submitted to the F test, and regression analysis was performed to compare means. The results showed higher susceptibility of E. fosbergii to aqueous extracts of C. distans, C. laxus, and C. rotundus at all concentrations analyzed (0.94, 1.87, 3.75, 7.5, 15, and 30%). In turn, the germination rate of L. sativa seeds decreased only at the highest concentrations (between 15 and 30%) of the same extracts. This allelopathic potential may be directly associated with the biosynthetization of phenolic compounds by Cyperus spp., analyzed in this study by phytochemical prospecting and HPLC.

scholarly journals Assessment of allelopathic potential of the salicylic acid on target plants: Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e6911124863
Author(s):  
Gabrielli Monzani de Lima ◽  
José Donizetti de Lima ◽  
Vanderlei Aparecido de Lima ◽  
Michelangelo Muzell Trezzi ◽  
Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha Sales Maia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Pure Substances ◽  
And Control

Salicylic acid has one of its characteristics the allelopathic potential. The present paper, is a research quantitative in nature aimed to assess the allelopathic potential of salicylic acid to identify the best concentration range for other pure substances. The bioassays were performed in a BOD incubator, seeking to assess the seedling growth by measuring the radicle and hypocotyl length. Each bioassay occurred for 12 days. The concentrations of salicylic acid used in the bioassays were: 1000, 750, 500, 250, 125, and 62.5 ppm and control. The obtained data were submitted to the tests: Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, the two-way ANOVA with repetition, and Tukey. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to observe that several concentrations demonstrated significant differences, i.e., there is an allelopathic activity in both species (Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa). The highlights were for the concentrations of 750 and 1000 ppm for E. heterophylla and 500, 750 and 1000 ppm for B. pilosa. However, there was no significant difference between these concentration groups. The radicle’s length was the part most negatively affected. These results can be used to identify better concentrations for other pure substances, which are usually obtained in small quantities, being useful in the formulation of a product with characteristics of bio-herbicides.

We investigated the phytotoxicity of desert cotton (Aerva javanica) extracts on wild oat and wheat. Aqueous extracts from A. javanica roots, leaves and inflorescences collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha regions, Saudi Arabia were used. Generally, the allelopathic potential of water extracts of A. javanica collected from Jeddah were more in inhibitory to wild oat germination and seedlings growth than those from Al-Baha. In both regions, root extracts were inhibitory to wild oat followed by leaves and inflorescences extracts. All test aqueous extracts of both regions did not inhibit the wheat germination or seedlings growth.Whreas, the wild oat germination was reduced by root extracts 58.62 %, 28.62 % leaves extracts : 32.72 %, 17.72 % and inflorescences extract 28.11 %, 12.13 % by in plants samples collected from Jeddah and Al-Baha, respectively. Wild oat radical length was inhibited by root extracts 53.27 %, 32.84 % leaves 42.35 %, 9.63 % and inflorescences extracts 22.64 %, 16.75 % in case of Jeddah and Al-Baha plants, respectively. In pot culture experiment, all treatments markedly reduced the plant dry weight and soluble carbohydrates, proteins and free amino acids contents in wild oat. The differences in the allelopathic potentials of studied A. javanica extracts were related to the qualitative variations in their phytochemicals constituents. Our results showed that A. javanica extracts could be safely used to control wild oat growth in wheat fields after more detsaled research..

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-208
Author(s):  
M.Z. Norhafizah ◽  
W.S. Wan Nur Suzani Sazleen ◽  
T.S. Chuah
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Herbicidal Activity ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root Extracts

This glasshouse study aimed to determine the herbicidal activity of allelochemicals 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP) on test weeds (Asystasia gangetica, Eleusine indica, Leptochloa chinensis and Oldenlandia verticillata) and to find the tolerance of test crops (Brassica rapa, Oryza sativa, Zea mays) to 2,4-DTBP. The 2,4-DTBP applied at 7 kg ai/ha inhibited the weeds seedling growth by 15-40 % only, showing its poor post emergence herbicidal activity. In contrast, soil bioassay confirmed pre-emergence herbicidal activity of 2,4-DTBP that reduced the seedling growth of weeds (L. chinensis, E. indica and O. verticillata) by 50- 80 % at 2.5 kg ai/ha but A. gangetica was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP even at 5 kg ai/ha. Crop tolerance test revealed that Zea mays was tolerant to 2,4-DTBP. In contrast, root lengths of transplanted Brassica rapa seedlings and Oryza sativa seedlings were reduced by 10- 15 % at 2,4-DTBP doses of 1.25 to 5 kg ai/ha, 14 days after treatment. However, these two crops seedlings became tolerant to 2,4-DTBP at 5 kg ai/ha, when applied 4 days after transplanting. Thus 2,4-DTBP may be developed as novel pre-emergence natural herbicide, without injuring the crops depending on their growth stages and crop species.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Antarctic moss Sanionia georgicouncinata (Amblystegiaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
O. Dziuba ◽  
A. Liubinska ◽  
P. Khoyetskyy ◽  
T. Bedernichek
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Cytostatic Activity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
The Antarctic

From the first half of the XX century, the maritime Antarctic was a region with high regional warming rates. At the beginning of the XXI century, regional warming strongly slowed down, but during the next twenty years the near-surface temperatures and mean annual precipitation at the Antarctic Peninsula will most probably increase. Higher temperatures and precipitation make the conditions in the maritime Antarctic more favourable for plants, including invasive species. Moreover, the increasing number of Antarctic tourists unintentionally transport thousands of seeds to the Antarctic on their clothes and equipment. In such circumstances, it is important to evaluate possible defensive mechanisms of native plant species, including their allelopathic potential. The objective of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential and cytostatic activity of Sanionia georgicouncinata. This species is widespread in the maritime Antarctic and is one of the most abundant moss species on the Argentine Islands (Wilhelm Archipelago). Seeds of cucumber Cucumis sativus, radish Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus, wheat Triticum vulgare, and amaranth Amaranthus paniculatus were used as bioassay species. Fresh green biomass of S. georgicouncinata was used to prepare aqueous extracts with 1 : 10, 1 : 50, and 1 : 100 plant to water ratios. The average root length of wheat sprouts and cucumber sprouts in distilled water did not differ significantly from those in plant extracts. The root length of radish sprouts in 1 : 50 plant extract was significantly shorter than in distilled water. Meanwhile, in 1 : 50 and 1 : 100 water extracts, roots of amaranth plants were significantly longer than in water. The number of lateral roots of cucumber sprouts in water and studied aqueous extracts varied from 1 to 6 with medians from 3 to 4. The medians of control (distilled water) and sample groups (aqueous extracts) did not differ significantly, but only 38.1 ± 6.1% of cucumber sprouts developed lateral roots in the 1 : 10 aqueous extract of S. georgicouncinata, and even less – 28.3 ± 7.5% in the 1 : 50 aqueous extract. The results of this study show that the allelopathic potential of S. georgicouncinata is low. However, a significant cytostatic activity of the studied extracts shows that this species may still affect other plants and animals. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of the studied extracts on root growth and germination of the invasive plants, particularly Poa annua.

scholarly journals Relative sensitivity of conventional soybean to three dicamba based herbicides at different growth stages

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
Stevan Knežević ◽  
Adewale Osipitan ◽  
Jon Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Stage ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Standard Rate

Widespread use of dicamba-based herbicides such as Clarity® (dicamba diglycolamine salt, 480 g l-1), Engenia® (dicamba N,N-Bis-[3-aminopropyl] methylamine salt, 600 g l-1) and XtendiMax® (dicamba diglycolamine salt, 350 g l-1)with Vapor-Grip Technology for weed control in dicamba-tolerant (DT) crops have resulted in UN-intended drifts, partly due to windy and common temperature inversions in many parts of United States. It is unclear if the dicamba-based herbicides made of different formulations or technologies have differential impact on sensitive soybeans including a conventional variety. Thus, field studies were conducted in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate the relative sensitivity of a conventional soybean to micro-rates of three dicamba-based herbicide products (Clarity®, Engenia® and XtendiMax® ) applied at second trifoliate (V2), seventh trifoliate/beginning of flowering (V7/R1), and full flowering (R2) stages of soybean. The dicamba micro-rates were 0, 0.56, 1.12, 5.6, 11.2, and 56 g ae ha-1; equivalent to 0, 1/1000, 1/500, 1/100, 1/50, 1/10 of the standard rate (560 g ae ha-1) respectively. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design in a split-split-plot arrangement with 4 replications. There was no significant difference in visual injury, growth or yield response of the conventional soybean to the three dicamba herbicides. The dicamba micro rates caused 40-80% visual injury and 0-97% yield loss depending on the growth stage of application. The estimated effective doses (ED values) suggested that conventional soybeans exposed to dicamba micro-rates at V7/R1 growth stage were more sensitive than those exposed at V2 and R2 growth stages. Based on the ED values, about 0.1% of dicamba standard rate was enough to cause 10% soybean yield loss when applied at V7/R1 stage; while about 1% of dicamba standard rate was required to cause the same level of yield loss when applied at V2 or R2 stage. By implication, dicamba drift on sensitive soybean plants should be avoided to prevent yield loss.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Potential of Castor plant (Ricinus communis L.) Aqueous Extracts on Germination on Selected Crop Species.

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Parreno J ◽  
Cempron B ◽  
Bucog N ◽  
Pepito M ◽  
Zamora C
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Castor Plant ◽  
Germination Value

Weeds in agricultural system are becoming problem nowadays in which it reduces yield of many crops. Synthetic herbicides are usually used to control weed growth. Meanwhile, using herbicides creates hazardous impacts on agricultural products and also increases environmental pollution. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the allelopahatic potential of Castor plant (fresh leaves, dry leaves, seeds) aqueous extracts on germination rate, germination value indices and root growth on selected crop species. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals might be used against weeds as a controlling tool for decreasing weed emergence in field conditions. The study consists of 4 treatments replicated 5 times within 7 days. Germination rate, germination value indices and root length were collected in the 7th day of the experiment. Data gathered were analyzed using one way ANOVA and tukey HSD for comparison. Based on the results, it shows that fresh leaves and seed aqueous extract had an allopathic effect on the seed germination and germination value of Zea mays L. and Solanum lycopersicum. In terms of root length inhibition, all treatments had an inhibition effect on the selected crop species. The result showed great potential for the natural herbicide from the determined parts of identified plant

scholarly journals Symbiotic Performances of Three Mesorhizobium huakuii Strains Inoculated to Chinese Milk Vetch Varieties

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Mingxuan Yi ◽  
Xinbao Liu ◽  
Yixin Shen ◽  
Jianlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chinese Milk Vetch ◽  
Better Than

In this experiment, 4 varieties of Chinese milk vetch (Xinyang, Minzi No. 6, Minzi 8487711, and Shishou) were used as host plants and inoculated with 3 strains of rhizobium (CCBAU 2609, M. h 93, and 7653R). The differences in their morphology, yield, and nodule characteristics at different growth stages were studied and the reasons for these differences were analyzed to explore the exclusivity between different varieties of Chinese milk vetch and strains of rhizobium. Results showed no significant difference in plant height and whole-plant dry weight at seedling stage under different treatments but significant differences in these characteristics at full flowering stage. The results indicated that Minzi 8487711 and Shishou were significantly better than the other varieties. During the whole growth period, the growth indexes and nodule characteristics of the 4 varieties inoculated with strain 7653R were better than those of the varieties inoculated with other strains. At full flowering stage, compared with that of the control group, the biomasses of Xinyang, Minzi No.6, Minzi 8487711, and Shishou had increased by 2.04, 2.84, 1.56, and 2.69-fold, respectively, and nitrogenase activities increased by 3.82, 9.60, 6.21, and 15.18%, respectively. Significant differences in the exclusivity between varieties and strains were observed. Minzi No.6–7653R and Shishou variety–7653R had the strongest exclusivity. The results showed that 7653R was a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency rhizobium strain. 7653R is recommended to be used in combination with Chinese milk vetch varieties, such as Minzi 8487711 and Shishou, to obtain advantages in yield and nitrogen fixation in production.

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