scholarly journals Introducing a Levy Scheme to Online Educational Use of Copyrighted Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Huang Weijie
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Copyright Owner ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Chilling Effect ◽  
Legitimate Interest

It is common for teachers to use others' copyrighted works for the purpose of teaching. The current copyright law in many nations only exempts educational use in the context of offline classroom teaching. The use of others’ copyrighted material in online teaching may still constitute copyright infringement. To protect teachers from the chilling effect of copyright infringement, to safeguard the public's freedom to obtain knowledge, and to ensure the commensurability of the profits and responsibilities of online teaching platforms, this paper proposes a levy scheme for online teaching. Under the levy scheme, teachers are free to use others’ published work for the purpose of online teaching, provided that such use does not conflict with a normal exploitation of the work and does not unreasonably prejudice the legitimate interest of the copyright owner. Online teaching platforms should remunerate the copyright owner of the work used in the platform according to the number of participants of the course that uses such work. 

scholarly journals Remix’s retreat? Content moderation, copyright law and mashup music

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110260
Author(s):  
Ragnhild Brøvig-Hanssen ◽  
Ellis Jones
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Grey Zone ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Control

Many online media platforms currently utilise algorithmically driven content moderation to prevent copyright infringement. This article explores content moderation’s effect on mashup music – a form of remix which relies primarily on the unauthorised combining of pre-existing, recognisable recordings. Drawing on interviews ( n = 30) and an online survey ( n = 92) with mashup producers, we show that content moderation affects producers’ creative decisions and distribution strategies, and has a strong negative effect on their overall motivation to create mashups. The objections that producers hold to this state of affairs often strongly resonate with current copyright exceptions. However, we argue that these exceptions, which form a legal ‘grey zone’, are currently unsatisfactorily accommodated for by platforms. Platforms’ political-economic power allows them, in effect, to ‘occupy’ and control this zone. Consequently, the practical efficacy of copyright law’s exceptions in this setting is significantly reduced.

The Law Enforcement Weakness of Songs and Musics Copyright Crimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Edi Tuahta Putra Saragih ◽  
Muhammad Citra Ramadhan ◽  
Isnaini Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Cultural Factor ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Law ◽  
Real Picture

This research aimed to: (a) obtain the forms of copyright infringement of songs and/or music (with or without lyrics); (b) understand the role of the police, in this case the Police Precinct, in the law enforcement; (c) identify the factors that influenced the law enforcement. The research method used the normative-empirical legal research, with the initial stages of specifying norms in order to get the proper picture, and then specifying empirical events in order to get the real picture. The research results showed several matters: 1) The forms of copyright infringement of songs and/or music (with or without lyrics) found included: the distribution of the works or the copies, the performances of the works, and the announcements of the works; 2) Police Precinct did notultimately carry out their role as a law enforcer for the copyright infringement of songs and/or music (with or without lyrics); and 3) The factors that influenced the law enforcement on the copyright infringement of songs and/or music (with or without lyrics), namely: legislation factor, in the matter of complaint offenses; law enforcement factor, in terms of the capacity of members; less supportive factor of facilities and infrastructure; legal awareness factor, in the problem of the lack of legal counseling; and cultural factor, related to the differences in norms in the copyright law between those in society and those in regulations. 

scholarly journals Proposals for copyright law and education during the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-594
Author(s):  
Emily Hudson ◽  
Paul Wragg
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Open Access Publishing ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
Fair Dealing ◽  
Compulsory Licensing ◽  
Catastrophic Impact

This article asks whether the catastrophic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic justifies new limitations or interventions in copyright law so that UK educational institutions can continue to serve the needs of their students. It describes the existing copyright landscape and suggests ways in which institutions can rely on exceptions in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), including fair dealing and the exemption for lending by educational establishments. It then considers the viability of other solutions. It argues that issues caused by the pandemic would not enliven a public interest defence to copyright infringement (to the extent this still exists in UK law) but may be relevant to remedies. It also argues that compulsory licensing, while permissible under international copyright law, would not be a desirable intervention, but that legislative expansion to the existing exceptions, in order to encourage voluntary collective licensing, has a number of attractions. It concludes by observing that the pandemic highlights issues with the prevailing model for academic publishing and asks whether COVID may encourage universities to embrace in-house and open access publishing more swiftly and for an even greater body of material.

An Exploratory Study of Classroom and Online Teaching Practice in Relation to Inquisitiveness, Attitude, and Teaching Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-210
Author(s):  
Neetu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Teaching Practices ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Teaching Effectiveness ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Educational Institute ◽  
Indian Perspective

The present study is aimed at achieving main objectives i.e. to study the effect of Inquisitiveness and Attitude on Teaching Effectiveness among pupils' teachers practicing classroom-teaching practices; to study the effect of Inquisitiveness and Attitude on Teaching Effectiveness among pupils teachers practicing online-teaching practices, to explore the effectiveness of online teaching practice, to find out the future horizons of online teaching practice in Indian perspective. The sample of the present study is pupil teacher studying in Dayalbagh Educational Institute Deemed University Agra. 150 pupil teachers practicing classroom teaching and 150 pupil teachers practicing online teaching have been selected. T-Test, Linear Regression and SWOT Analysis have been used as statistical techniques. Pupil teachers possess more positive attitude and inquisitiveness towards online teaching practice in comparison to classroom teaching practice. Inquisitiveness and attitude significantly predicts the teaching effectiveness in online teaching practice and classroom teaching.

Parody in Copyright Laws of GCC States: Where Does It Fit?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-312
Author(s):  
Hanan Almawla
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Speech ◽  
Copyright Infringement ◽  
Gulf Cooperation Council ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Remarkable Increase ◽  
The Past ◽  
Copyright Laws ◽  
Arab States ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relationship between parody and copyright law has not been discussed in the copyright laws of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) or in Arab states in general. Nevertheless, in the past ten years, there has been a remarkable increase in parody shows and programmes in the region, triggering the question of copyright infringement. This article therefore examines the position of parody in the copyright laws of GCC states. It considers protection of parody − as an expressive tool − under the principle of freedom of speech. As no explicit statutory or judicial guidance in relation to parody in the current national copyright laws of GCC states is found, this article argues that parody should be explicitly recognized in the copyright laws of GCC states.

scholarly journals CHALLENGES FACED BY UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (66) ◽  
pp. 15346-15358
Author(s):  
Bhadab Hembram
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Traditional Classroom ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Traditional Classroom Teaching ◽  
Girl Students ◽  
Academic Year

Nowadays the education system has dramatically changed from traditional classroom teaching to remote online teaching due to this COVID-19 crisis. This study aimed to estimate the challenges in Online Learning among undergraduate l students studying in various Aided colleges during this lockdown period due to the COVID-19 crisis. The study was conducted by employing a questionnaire prepared using 'Google form'. An aggregate of 136 undergraduate students participated in this survey. For hypotheses testing both descriptive statistics such as 'Mean, SD' and inferential statistics such as t – test' were employed. Analysis showed that there is no significant difference between Problems faced by UG students in terms of gender, place of living, and academic year. The study confirms that girl students have more than boy students in the online learning process.

scholarly journals MEDICAL STUDENTS' FEEDBACK ON PARADIGM SHIFT TO ONLINE TEACHING DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
R. Ravi Sunder ◽  
I. Jyothi Padmaja ◽  
Neelima. P
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
First Year ◽  
Traditional Teaching ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Traditional Classroom Teaching ◽  
First Year Medical Students

The temporary shutdown of educational institutes due to COVID -19 lockdown has led to the transformation of face to face classroom teaching to virtual online learning. The present study is aimed to evaluate the challenges faced by the first year medical students. After taking informed consent, a self administered questionnaire with 15 questions was given in google form. 148 students (62 boys, 86 girls) between the age group 17-23 years participated in the study. The answers were represented graphically. The results were analysed and compared with other studies. 84.3% students opined that they learnt the concepts better by hands on exposure than online teaching. Only 10.7% students replied that online tasks improve their self-discipline. 78.6% answered that the teacher was available when they needed help. 46% stated that the teacher’s feedback helped them in online learning. 40% accepted the need for online teaching to be combined with the traditional teaching, post COVID in their curriculum. The results were similar to the other studies when compared. Most of them experienced the technical glitches, connectivity issues, suspended video streaming etc. that interrupted their online learning. The present study concludes that the medical students prefer face to face traditional classroom teaching than online teaching amidst advanced technology.

scholarly journals Impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on veterinary medical education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 257-280
Author(s):  
Md. Aminul Islam ◽  
◽  
Mohammad Shah Alam ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Situated Learning ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Classroom Teaching ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Core Theory ◽  
Adverse Influence ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Impact

SARS-CoV-2 infection is considered an international disaster. The second and third waves of the SARSCoV-2 pandemic are ongoing. The universities of most countries of the world are closed to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Many universities of the globe stopped direct classroom teaching, and some started online teaching to minimise the effects of SARS-CoV-2 on education. In this manuscript, an attempt has undertaken to analyse the influence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on global veterinary medical education. We have conducted a literature search in different databases following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines using different keywords to find out peer-reviewed scientific articles about the impact of COVID-19 on veterinary medical education. The literature search generated 17 eligible scientific papers for qualitative analysis of the effect of COVID-19 on veterinary medical education. The COVID-19 pandemic has a severe adverse influence on veterinary medical education. Shifting from direct classroom teaching to online teaching is one of the sweeping impacts. It might be possible to conduct online classes for veterinary medical education. But the supply of electronic devices, motivation to students in self-learning, institutional support etc., are crucial for interactive situated learning of veterinary courses. Research and development of sustainable, worthwhile methods for remote teaching veterinary medical students are essential. Reshaping the veterinary medical education programs using core theory, practical and clinical curricula is crucial for conducting uninterrupted veterinary education programs during current COVID-19 and future pandemics.

scholarly journals Implied Licences in Copyright Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorna Mysoor
Keyword(s):  
State Intervention ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Copyright Law ◽  
Copyright Owner ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Competing Interests ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Judicial Reasoning

Implied licences can serve as a flexible and targeted mechanism to balance competing interests, including those of copyright owners and content users, especially in today’s dynamic technological environment. However, implication as a process is contentious and there are no established principles for implying copyright licences. The resulting uncertainty has led to incoherence, diminishing the value of implied licences in judicial reasoning. This book develops a methodical and transparent way of implying copyright licences, based on three sources: the consent of the copyright owner; an established custom; and state intervention to achieve policy goals. The frameworks proposed are customised separately for implying bare and contractual licences, where relevant. The book goes on to analyse the existing case law methodically in the light of these frameworks to demonstrate how the court’s reasoning can be made transparent. Underscoring the contemporary relevance of implied licences, the book tests and validates the methodology in relation to three essential and ubiquitous functions on the internet—browsing, hyperlinking, and indexing.

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