scholarly journals Threat of hiv infection for public health: 40 years of confrontation

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Introduction. HIV infection is a very dangerous disease and due to the lack of specific prevention methods and effective treatment methods leads to early disability or death. Now this problem is actual for every state, especially for ours, because Ukraine has the highest rate of the epidemic in Europe, therefore, humanity is alarmed by what is happening to the country, which is located in the center of Europe. If this disease is not stopped, the threat of a demographic, economic and social crisis will also increase for other states. Aim – the study of epidemiological features and reasons for the further spread of HIV infection in Ukraine according to open sources of medical statistics in Ukraine and other countries of the world. Results. The article provides data on the study of the problem of the global spread of HIV infection, which has not lost its relevance over the past 40 years. Detailed official statistical information on the social significance of the prevalence of HIV infection in our country and in the world has been provided. The main measures for the prevention of this disease, which is the most dangerous for adolescents, are given. A characteristic feature of the current stage of the spread of infection is that transmission and infection are associated with populations including children of HIV-infected people, members of their families and victims of violations of safety standards in certain medical institutions. Numerous "secondary risk groups" are formed, the emergence of which has a completely social nature. Conclusions. Nowadays, it is understood that diseases that are dangerous to society, such as HIV infection, are phenomena in the fight against which exclusively medical measures are ineffective. Solution to the problem of HIV infection should be a priority of state policy; it should be aimed, first of all, at preventive and elucidating work with young people, who are, without exaggeration, the main risk group. The authors substantiated the need to strengthen control by state institutions and to develop and implement a system of special measures to protect the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and society to preserve the national security of Ukraine.

scholarly journals HIV-INFECTION AND CONSUMPTION OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
T. R. Petrosyan ◽  
Murad Z. Shakhmardanov
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Chronic Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Psychoactive Substances ◽  
Social Significance ◽  
Infected People

The article describes the main trends in the incidence rate of HIV infection in the Russian Federation over the past decade. The majority of HIV-infected people was shown to be injecting drug users. The immunosuppressive effect of psychoactive substances and peculiarities of HIV infection in drug-dependent patients are characterized. The drug use is considered to be associated with a high risk of co-infection: viral hepatitis via a parenteral transmission mechanism, tuberculosis. The spread of parenteral viral hepatitis among HIV-infected consumers of psychoactive substances has acquired a huge medical and social significance: hepatitis C affects more than 90% of consumers, hepatitis B - about 70-80%. Viral hepatitis B and C are considered as a co-factor in the tanatogenesis in babies of HIV-infected pregnant females, HIV/HCV coinfection accelerates the rate of progression of the chronic viral liver disease to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among HIV-infected patients, there was significantly increased the proportion of cases killed by chronic viral hepatitis due to lack of the antiviral therapy for specific liver damage. Psychopathological changes in comorbid HIV infection in consumers of psychoactive substances are characterized. In drug users, HIV infection was noted to change the pathological attraction to psychoactive substances. If dependence on psychoactive substance was absent, this psychopathological phenomenon can suddenly arise in patients with narcological diseases, its clinical severity increases sharply. This is due to the general change in the unfavorable side of the mental state of patients, who were informed that they have HIV infection, given the low commitment of this contingent of ART proposed algorithm of complex medical and psychological care aimed at correcting mental, behavioral disorders and specific treatment of HIV infection.

scholarly journals Coronavirus-2019: Origin and evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nitai Chandra Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Level ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Severe Type

Coronavirus-2019, also called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2019 or SARS-CoV-2 was first reported from China at the end of December 2019 through transmission into man from bat and it produced severe type of pneumonia in the infected people. Within the next month (January 2020), the virus started its world-wide journey after it successfully established the transmission path from man to man and thus created pandemic and caused epidemic. Facing a deadly challenge of the virus, the scientists all over the world, starting from almost zero-level knowledge about the virus, worked hard to know most of characters related to its biology and pathology at molecular level thereby enriching knowledge which helped in development of various tools and technologies to control the virus and develop protection and prevention methods including production of vaccine against the virus. Nevertheless, to exert a better control over the virus, it is necessary to have knowledge of various details about how the virus has been evolved. During the last one year, research work done by the scientists all over the world have produced voluminous data in this area, though in a scattered way. That information indicates that the virus is actively evolving continuously to generate new strains through gain of function mutations for its survival. In this short review, I have made an attempt to put together that information to highlight the present status of our knowledge about the mechanisms of evolution of SARS-CoV-2 at molecular level.

THE QUESTION OF LEGAL STIMULATION THE OF TREATMENT BY HIV-INFECTED PRISONERS IN THE PLACES OF LIBERTY DEPRIVATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Дмитрий Михайлович Адылин
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Adaptation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
The Russian Federation

В настоящее время эпидемиологическая ситуация распространения ВИЧ-инфекции остается осложненной за счет постоянного роста числа новых случаев заражения и высокого риска смерти от заболеваний, ассоциированных с ВИЧ-инфекцией, и СПИДа. Также остается напряженной обстановка распространения ВИЧ-инфекции среди особо уязвимых к заражению групп населения, к которым в соответствии со стратегией противодействия распространению ВИЧ-инфекции в Российской Федерации на период до 2020 г. относятся осужденные и лица, содержащиеся в местах принудительной изоляции от общества. При этом положения данной стратегии указывают на несоответствие современным требованиям обеспечения населения мерами по профилактике, оказанию медицинской помощи, социальной адаптации и реабилитации, а также социальной поддержке при ВИЧ-инфекции. Поэтому существует необходимость решения данных проблем путем внесения изменений в законодательство Российской Федерации для реализации прав и законных интересов ВИЧ-инфицированных, а также защиты человека, общества и государства от распространения данного заболевания. Одной из задач государства в сфере профилактики распространения ВИЧ-инфекции, в том числе в местах лишения свободы, является увеличение охвата ВИЧ-инфицированных лиц антиретровирусной терапией. Согласно результатам нашего исследования лишь около 30 % осужденных ВИЧ-инфицированных осужденных доверительно относятся к применению антиретровирусной терапии. При этом в уголовно-исполнительном законодательстве отсутствуют диспозитивные нормы, стимулирующие прохождение лечения, что в рамках государственной политики в сфере противодействия распространения ВИЧ-инфекции является упущением. С целью решения обозначенных проблемных вопросов автором предложены меры по стимулированию прохождения лечения осужденными к лишению свободы как в период отбывания наказания, так и после освобождения. Currently, the epidemiological situation of the spread of HIV infection remains complicated due to the constant increase in the number of new infections and the high risk of death from diseases associated with HIV infection and AIDS. The situation of the spread of HIV infection among particularly vulnerable groups of the population remains tense, which, in accordance with the strategy for counteracting the spread of HIV infection in the Russian Federation for the period until 2020, include convicts and people held in places of forced isolation from society. At the same time, the provisions of this strategy indicate that the modern requirements for providing the population with measures for prevention, medical care, social adaptation and rehabilitation, as well as social support for HIV infection are not in line. Therefore, there is a need to solve these problems by amending the legislation of the Russian Federation in order to realize the rights and legitimate interests of both HIV-infected people and protect people, society and the state from the spread of this disease. One of the tasks of the state in the field of preventing the spread of HIV infection, including in prisons, is to increase the coverage of HIV-infected people with antiretroviral therapy. Considering the attitude of HIV-infected prisoners to treatment, the results of our study allow us to conclude that only about 30 % of prisoners in this category trust the use of antiretroviral therapy. At the same time, there are no dispositive norms in the penal legislation that stimulate the passage of treatment, which is an omission in the framework of state policy in the field of combating the spread of HIV infection. Therefore, this article proposes measures to stimulate the passage of treatment by prisoners sentenced to imprisonment both during the period of serving the sentence and after release.

Oxidative stress in HIV infection and its effects on the female reproductive system and pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Olga A. Nikitina ◽  
Anait Yu. Maryanyan ◽  
Lyubov I. Kolesnikova
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Hiv Infections ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽  
The World

The epidemic situation of HIV infection in the world today remains extremely difficult. In recent years, the virus has been increasingly affecting the so-called prosperous segments of the population. This is confirmed by the increase in the percentage of heterosexual transmission. Thus, in 2019, almost 60% of HIV infections were associated with this type of transmission. The determination of possible differences in the course of the infection by gender has been of interest to researchers from the very beginning of the epidemic. Undoubtedly, there should be differences in the course of the disease in men and women, especially taking into account pregnancy and childbirth in women, and this is the subject of numerous studies in various countries. In the world medical literature, the clinical course of the disease is adequately covered. However, at present, little is known about lipid peroxidation and the activity of the antioxidant blood system in HIV patients, including pregnant women. This article presents a review of the current state of the problem and analyzes studies of free radical oxidation in HIV-infected people. This study was aimed at the analysis and discussion of data on free radical and antioxidant system activities in HIV-infected people, including pregnant women.

Security Concern and Countermeasures for Cheating in Visual Cryptography

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 277
Author(s):  
Ekta Y
Keyword(s):  
Communication System ◽  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Cryptography Scheme ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
Security Concern

As IT sector is ruling the world now,confidentiality and security of information has become the most important inseparable aspect in information communication system. Keeping in view the same, a new approach called Visual Cryptography (VC) has been suggested by many researchers but there are some limitations with this scheme and cheating is one of the main problem among them. This paper intends to show the basis of cheating in VC in terms of cheating process, its detection methods and its prevention methods suggested by various researchers along with their merits and demerits. Finally, a good Cheating Immune Visual Cryptography Scheme (CIVCS) has been discussed which states the properties to be adopted by every Visual Cryptography scheme to make it immune to cheating attacks.

Health and social problems associated with HIV infection and AIDS in the professional activity of specialists with secondary medical education

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
L. Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

The article considers urgent problem of modern society – progressive increase in the number of people infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Epidemiological characteristics of the pathogen are given, clinical signs of the disease and a modern strategy aimed at reducing the number of infected people are presented. The role of specialists with secondary medical education in the implementation of the Strategy aimed at combating the spread of HIV infection epidemic in the Russian Federation is emphasized.

Clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of HIV infection of stage 4 (severely symptomatic stage) in the practice of a health professional

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
A. Nikitina ◽  
A. Rusanova ◽  
A. Zhilenkova
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Health Professional ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Future Practice

HIV infection is a significant problem in the modern world, because there are more and more infected people every year. This article will consider: the clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of this disease in different countries. Based on these data, the following conclusions will be made to help doctors in their future practice correctly approach the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease.

HIV INFECTION AND SOME RELATED FACTORS IN FEMALE MASSAGE THERAPISTS IN QUANG NGAI PROVINCE

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
Xuan Chuong Tran ◽  
Thi Thanh Hoa Le ◽  
Ngoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Keywords Hiv ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Massage Therapists

Background: HIV/AIDS is still a dangerous infection in Vietnam and in the world. Studying of HIV infection and related factors in high risk groups, including female massage therapists is therefore very important. Aims: 1. To study the HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province. 2. To fine some related factors to HIV infection. Patients and methods: Female massage therapists working in Quang Ngai province. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Results: The rate of HIV infection was 0.99%. Group older than 22 years old had higher rate of infection than group under 22 years old (1.80% vs 0.69%). The girls from urban areas or not using condom had higher rate of infection than group from rural or not using condom (1.57% vs 0.47% and 7.32% vs. 0.57%). Most of HIV infected belong to single or divorce groups. Conclusions: The rate of HIV infection in female massage therapists in Quang Ngai province was 0.99%. The HIV infection related factor was not using condom in sexual contact. Keywords: HIV, female massage therapists, Quang Ngai

ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE AND PREDICTION OF HIV INFECTION INCIDENCE IN THE VORONEZH REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
Евгений Николаевич Коровин ◽  
Юлия Викторовна Сиромашенко ◽  
Владимир Николаевич Коровин
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Graphical Representation ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Extrapolation Methods ◽  
The Past ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
The Future ◽  
Dynamic Series ◽  
Exponential Smoothing Method

В статье приведены анализ и прогнозирование основных статистических показателей, характеризующих развитие эпидемической ситуации по вирусу иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) в Воронежской области, а именно распределение по путям инфицирования. В качестве данных для прогнозирования были использованы показатели заболеваемости прошлых лет. Применяемый метод прогнозирования основан на методах экстраполяции. Все методы экстраполяции объединяет то, что они проецируют на будущее ход событий, сложившийся в прошлом. При этом не устанавливаются никакие причинные связи - принимается, что действующие в прошлом силы без существенных изменений будут действовать и в будущем. При формировании прогнозов с помощью экстраполяции исходят из статистически складывающихся тенденций изменения тех или иных количественных характеристик объекта за определённый период. Прогнозирование заболеваемости ВИЧ осуществляется с помощью метода экспоненциального сглаживания с использованием линейного тренда и выбором оптимальных параметров сглаживания. Трендом называют аналитическое или графическое представление изменения переменной во времени, полученное в результате выделения регулярной (систематической) составляющей динамического ряда. Основной целью анализа и прогнозирования является выявление основных тенденций по распространению ВИЧ-инфекции, определение основных путей инфицирование, а также выделение ключевых групп риска среди населения Воронежской области The article analyzes and predicts the main statistical indicators that characterize the development of the epidemic situation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the Voronezh region, namely, the distribution by infection pathways. Previous years ' morbidity rates were used as data for forecasting. The applied forecasting method is based on extrapolation methods. What all extrapolation methods have in common is that they project the course of events in the past into the future. At the same time, no causal relationships are established - it is assumed that the forces operating in the past will continue to operate in the future without significant changes. When forming forecasts using extrapolation, they are based on statistically developing trends in changes in certain quantitative characteristics of an object over a certain period. Predicting the incidence of HIV is carried out using the exponential smoothing method using a linear trend and choosing the optimal smoothing parameters. A trend is an analytical or graphical representation of changes in a variable over time, resulting from the allocation of a regular (systematic) component of a dynamic series. The main goal of the analysis and forecasting is to identify the main trends in the spread of HIV infection, identify the main routes of infection, and identify key risk groups among the population of the Voronezh region

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document