Optimization of tocols and γ-oryzanol extraction from rice bran using ultrasound and soybean oil as a green solvent

A new process was developed to extract tocols and γ-oryzanol from rice bran using ultrasound with soybean oil as a natural solvent. Results were compared to the conventional solvent method. The extraction process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) with three independent process variables as amplitude level (A) (20-60%), extraction temperature (B) (25-65°C) and time (C) (20-60 mins). Statistical analysis indicated that models developed for all responses were significant. Linear terms of all process variables had significant effects on α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and γoryzanol, while quadratic effects of amplitude level (A2), temperature (B2) and time (C2) on all responses were highly significant. Optimal process conditions for maximum yield of tocopherols and γ-oryzanol were 40% amplitude level, 65°C solution temperature and 40 mins. Yields of α-tocopherol and γ-oryzanol in oil extracted under the optimal conditions or ultrasound-assisted soybean oil extraction (O-UASO) were comparable to oil yield produced by conventional solvent extraction (O-CSE). Interestingly, O-UASO showed higher total antioxidant activities compared with O-CSE. Extraction using ultrasound with soybean oil was proposed as an effective alternative green process to improve oil functionality without the need for separating environmentally hazardous organic solvents.

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Optimization of aqueous extraction of orevactaene and flavanoid pigments produced by Epicoccum nigrum

Pigment & Resin Technology ◽

10.1108/prt-08-2018-0082 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 301-308 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sawinder Kaur ◽

Paramjit S. Panesar ◽

Sushma Gurumayum ◽

Prasad Rasane ◽

Vikas Kumar

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Response Surface ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Aqueous Extraction ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Content Type ◽

Epicoccum Nigrum ◽

Broken Rice

Purpose The extraction of bioactive compounds such as pigments from natural sources, using different solvents, is a vital downstream process. The present study aims to investigate the effect of different variables, namely, extraction temperature, mass of fermented rice and time on the extraction process of orevactaene and flavanoid pigment from Epicoccum nigrum fermented broken rice. Design/methodology/approach Central composite rotatable design under response surface methodology was used for deducing optimized conditions. The pigments were extracted under conditions of extraction temperature (40-70°C), mass of fermented rice (0.5-1.5 g) and time (30-90 min), using water as the extraction media. The experimental data obtained were studied by analysis of variance. Data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis. Findings The optimum conditions generated by the software for aqueous extraction process, i.e. extraction temperature of 55.7°C, 0.79 g of fermented matter and extraction time of 56.6 min, resulted in a pigment yield of 52.7AU/g orevactaene and 77.2 AU/g flavanoid. Research limitations/implications The developed polynomial empirical model for the optimal recovery of the orevactaene and flavanoid pigments could be used for further studies in prediction of yield under specified variable conditions. Practical implications The response surface methodology helped in optimizng the conditions for the eco-friendly low-cost aqueous extarction process for orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, produced by Epicoccum nigrum during solid state fermentation of broken rice. This optimization can provide the basis for scaling up for industrial extraction process. Originality/value This paper focuses on optimizing the extraction conditions to get the maximum yield of orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, using water as the extracting media. No literature is available on the optimization of the extraction process of Epicoccum nigrum pigments, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.

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Optimization, antioxidant activity and bile salts adsorption capacity of the aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran

Czech Journal of Food Sciences ◽

10.17221/369/2017-cjfs ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 333-343

Author(s):

Wang Yuxin ◽

Yu Guoping ◽

Zang Xiaodan ◽

Ye Fei

Keyword(s):

Rice Bran ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Sodium Taurocholate ◽

Value Added ◽

Sodium Deoxycholate ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

High Concentration ◽

Enzymatic Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Solid Ratio

The optimum extraction conditions of the aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran (AEERB) were evaluated with respect to γ-oryzanol content and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) activity by using response surface methodology. The results showed that the effect of the extraction temperature on γ-oryzanol content and FRAP activity was the most significant. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: Trypsin, 453 U/g at 56°C and pH 7.9 for 2 h at a liquid/solid ratio of 7 : 1. The corresponding γ-oryzanol content and FRAP activity were 0.1749 mg/g and 0.5043 mmol FeSO<sub>4</sub>/g, respectively. The antioxidant activities of AEERB were comparable with 2,6-di-tert-buty-4-methylphenol (BHT) or ascorbic acid (AA) at the high concentration. Furthermore, the binding capacities of AEERB to sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate were 24.96 and 13.63 µmol/100 mg, respectively. The results indicated that AEERB is a promising method for developing and applying a value-added RB product.

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Citrus Bioactive Limonoid Extraction using Environment-friendly Hydrotropy

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.4.1008c ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1008C-1008

Author(s):

Deepak Dandekar ◽

G. K. Jayaprakasha ◽

Bhimanagouda Patil

Keyword(s):

Extraction Efficiency ◽

Design Method ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Health Promoting

Citrus consumption has been shown to promote human health due to presence of several bioactive compounds. In the process of understanding the health benefits of citrus, we need to isolate and characterize these compounds. Limonoids are one of such prominent, but lesser-known phytonutrients that have been shown to prevent cancers of the mouth, skin, lung, breast, and colon. With the growing interest in the health-promoting properties of citrus limonoids, the demand for these bioactives has significantly increased. It has been critical to explore environment-friendly extraction methods rather than using hazardous organic solvents. A water-based hydrotropic extraction of limonoid aglycones from sour orange (Citrus aurantium L.) seeds was developed. Two hydrotropes, sodium salicylate (Na-Sal) and sodium cumene sulfonate (Na-CuS), were studied for extraction efficiency using the Box Behnken experiment design method. The extraction efficiency of prominent aglycone limonin was observed depending on hydrotrope concentration, extraction temperature, and percentage of raw material loading. Response Surface Analysis (RSA) of data predicted the optimum conditions for maximum yield. Recovery of aglycones from filtered extract is also easily achieved by mere dilution using water at pH 3 or 7 or by partitioning the extract with dichloromethane. At optimum conditions, limonin yield of 0.46 mg/g seeds in the case of Na-Sal extraction and 0.65 mg/g seeds in the case of Na-CuS extraction was achieved. The results demonstrated that the hydrotropic extraction process of limonoid aglycones has practical commercial importance. This project is based upon work supported by the USDA–CSREES IFAFS #2001 52102 02294 and USDA–CSREES #2005-34402-14401 “Designing Foods for Health” through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center.

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Optimization of Phytochemical Screening Analysis of Ocimum Gratissimum Leaf Oil Extraction Process

Earthline Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.34198/ejcs.1219.139158 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 139-158

Author(s):

J. O. Ezeugo ◽

M. N. Nwanekezie ◽

O. D. Onukwuli ◽

C. C. Olisa-Bosah ◽

L. I. Ezeh

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Acid Value ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Oil Yield ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Process Variables ◽

Ocimum Gratissimum ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

Pharmaceutical Industries ◽

Temperature Time

Optimization of the process variables for the extraction of oil from Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaves) was studied. The effects of various process variables such as temperature, time, volume of solvent, particle size and their interaction on oil yield were investigated. A predictive model describing the oil yield in terms of process variables was derived from multiple regression analysis. Optimum yield of (54%) was predicted at extraction temperature of 50°C, extraction time of 40 min, leaf particle size of 150µm and 125ml volume of solvent but decreased with increase in leaf particle size. The extract was analysed to examine the physiochemical properties such as acid value, iodine value, peroxide value, viscosity, saponification value, specific gravity, moisture and ash contents using standard methods. Results revealed that the oil is edible and can find uses in food and pharmaceutical industries for spice and drug production respectively.

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Effects of Various Processing Parameters on Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activities of Codonopsis javanica Root Extract

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x20953276 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1934578X2095327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tri Nhut Pham ◽

Van Thuy Nguyen ◽

Tran Quoc Toan ◽

Mai Huynh Cang ◽

Long Giang Bach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Root Extract ◽

Solvent Ratio ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Extraction Cycle ◽

Extraction Parameters

The root of a ginseng-like plant named Codonopsis javanica is a valuable ingredient in folk medicine with diverse biological properties and has been used in treatments for various diseases, including leukemia, inflammation, and hepatitis. This study aimed to optimize various parameters related to the extraction process of C. javanica root (CJR) with respect to total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities of the obtained CJR extract. We first performed a series of single-factor investigations taking drying conditions and different extraction parameters such as material size, extraction solvent, solvent concentration, extraction temperature, material/solvent ratio, extraction cycle, and stirring speed as varying factors. Then, a response surface methodology procedure was adopted with a central composite design to optimize further the extraction process in order to maximize the TPC. We found that the use of convection drying at 70 °C for 8 hours gave the extract with the highest TPC and antioxidant activities. Optimal extraction parameters were found as follows: ethanol with a concentration of 56.0% as the solvent, material-to-solvent ratio of 1/38.0 g/mL, extraction time of 67.2 minutes, material size ≤0.5 mm, temperature 60 °C, through 1 extraction cycle, and with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. Under the optimized conditions, the experimental value for TPC was 2.9 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g dry weight (DW), which is reasonably close to the value predicted by the model (2.8 mg GAE/g DW). The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid free radical tests of the CJR extract obtained under optimal conditions were 1042.3 and 299.0 µg/mL, respectively.

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Optimization Extraction, Purification and Antioxidant Activities of Polysaccharides from Penthorum Chinense Pursh

International Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1515/ijfe-2018-0152 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (3-4) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhou Xu ◽

Bulei Wang ◽

Liang Fu ◽

Handong Wang ◽

Jing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Raw Material ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Dpph Radical ◽

Penthorum Chinense Pursh ◽

Penthorum Chinense ◽

Optimum Extraction

AbstractPenthorum chinense Pursh is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, however, little attention has been paid to the polysaccharides of P. chinense (PCP). Therefore, it is great significance to investigate the characteristics and activities of PCP. In this study, response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters of PCP. Then, two polysaccharides fractions (PCP-1 and PCP-2) were purified from PCP by using DEAE-52 chromatography, and there preliminary chemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities were investigated. Results revealed that the optimum extraction conditions of PCP were identified as follow: ratio of water to raw material 20.6 mL/g; extraction time 3.5 h and extraction temperature 85°C. Based on these conditions, the maximum yield of PCP was 3.12% ± 0.19%. Purified fractions PCP-1 and PCP-2 were all acidic heteropolysaccharides, and PCP-1 mainly consisted of galactose and arabinose while PCP-2 mainly consisted of rhamnose, galacturonic acid, galactose and arabinose. Moreover, PCP-2 exhibited stronger scavenging activities against DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical and chelating activity on Fe2+in vitro.

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Optimization of Extraction Process of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides from Porphyra by Response Surface Methodology

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.526 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 526-530

Author(s):

Ying Chang Li ◽

Ya Li Wang ◽

Zuo Wei Li

Keyword(s):

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Response Surface ◽

Industrial Process ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

Social Benefits ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Extraction Temperature

Polysaccharide from Porphyra is a kind of important biological active substance. Therefore，it is significant to effectively develop and utilize the polysaccharide from porphyra and improve the economic and social benefits of porphyra. In this paper, polysaccharide was extracted by the method of hot water immersed extraction and ethanol precipitation. Extraction process of water-soluble polysaccharides from Porphyra was optimized by response surface methodology. The content of polysaccharide was determined by sulfuric acid to phenol method. The results show that the extraction time is 4.4 h, extraction temperature is 88°Cand the ratio of material to liquid is1:42(g/mL). Polysaccharide is precipitated with 5 folds volume of ethanol for 6 h. The proportion of the extraction of the porphyra polysaccharide under this industrial process conditions is 10.012%.

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The Effect of Temperature on Pressurised Hot Water Extraction of Pharmacologically Important Metabolites as Analysed by UPLC-qTOF-MS and PCA

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/914759 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

B. S. Khoza ◽

L. Chimuka ◽

E. Mukwevho ◽

P. A. Steenkamp ◽

N. E. Madala

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Pure Water ◽

Principal Component ◽

Extraction Process ◽

Extraction Methods ◽

Hot Water ◽

Water Extraction ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Extraction Temperature ◽

Hot Water Extraction

Metabolite extraction methods have been shown to be a critical consideration for pharmacometabolomics studies and, as such, optimization and development of new extraction methods are crucial. In the current study, an organic solvent-free method, namely, pressurised hot water extraction (PHWE), was used to extract pharmacologically important metabolites from driedMoringa oleiferaleaves. Here, the temperature of the extraction solvent (pure water) was altered while keeping other factors constant using a homemade PHWE system. Samples extracted at different temperatures (50, 100, and 150°C) were assayed for antioxidant activities and the effect of the temperature on the extraction process was evaluated. The samples were further analysed by mass spectrometry to elucidate their metabolite compositions. Principal component analysis (PCA) evaluation of the UPLC-MS data showed distinctive differential metabolite patterns. Here, temperature changes during PHWE were shown to affect the levels of metabolites with known pharmacological activities, such as chlorogenic acids and flavonoids. Our overall findings suggest that, if not well optimised, the extraction temperature could compromise the “pharmacological potency” of the extracts. The use of MS in combination with PCA was furthermore shown to be an excellent approach to evaluate the quality and content of pharmacologically important extracts.

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