scholarly journals Internal Migration in the Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Difference

<p>This thesis studies the short term outcomes in family annual income changes associated with internal migration in New Zealand. This is carried out through analysis of the unit record dataset produced from the Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE) which is a longitudinal social survey undertaken by Statistics New Zealand starting in October 2002. Results from data analysis shows us that family migration status and time of measurement have a close relationship with family annual income. Moveover, family structure, average age of adult members in a family, education level of family members, ownership of family residential property and the number of dependent children in a family are all factors related to family annual income.  We apply the General Linear Mixed Model to control these confounding variables and explore the relationship between migration status and annual income of a family. The results from our final model show that changes in the family annual income from before to after their internal migration are different for families. The difference depends on the average age of adult family members. Families with a younger average age benefit from internal migration: their family annual incomes are increased shortly after their movement. In contrast, families with a older average age experience a loss of income.</p>

scholarly journals Internal Migration in the Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Migration Status ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Difference

<p>This thesis studies the short term outcomes in family annual income changes associated with internal migration in New Zealand. This is carried out through analysis of the unit record dataset produced from the Survey of Family, Income and Employment (SoFIE) which is a longitudinal social survey undertaken by Statistics New Zealand starting in October 2002. Results from data analysis shows us that family migration status and time of measurement have a close relationship with family annual income. Moveover, family structure, average age of adult members in a family, education level of family members, ownership of family residential property and the number of dependent children in a family are all factors related to family annual income.  We apply the General Linear Mixed Model to control these confounding variables and explore the relationship between migration status and annual income of a family. The results from our final model show that changes in the family annual income from before to after their internal migration are different for families. The difference depends on the average age of adult family members. Families with a younger average age benefit from internal migration: their family annual incomes are increased shortly after their movement. In contrast, families with a older average age experience a loss of income.</p>

Adjunctive Triamcinolone Acetonide for Ahmed Glaucoma Valve Implantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 411-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahin Yazdani ◽  
Azadeh Doozandeh ◽  
Mohammad Pakravan ◽  
Vahid Ownagh ◽  
Mehdi Yaseri
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
Triamcinolone Acetonide ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Ahmed Glaucoma Valve ◽  
Hypertensive Phase ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Valve Implantation

Purpose To evaluate the effect of intraoperative sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) as an adjunct to Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. Methods In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 104 eyes with refractory glaucoma were randomly assigned to conventional AGV (non-TA group) or AGV with adjunctive triamcinolone (TA group). In the TA group, 10 mg TA was injected in the sub-Tenon space around the AGV plate intraoperatively. Patients were followed for 1 year. The main outcome measure was intraocular pressure (IOP). Other outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), occurrence of hypertensive phase (HP), peak IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, and complications. Results A total of 90 patients were included in the final analysis. Mean IOP was lower in the TA group at most follow-up visits; however, the difference was statistically significant only at the first month (p = 0.004). Linear mixed model showed that mean IOP was 1.5 mm Hg lower in the TA group throughout the study period (p = 0.006). Peak postoperative IOP was significantly lower in the TA group (19.3 ± 4.8 mm Hg versus 29 ± 9.2 mm Hg, p = 0.032). Rates of success (defined as 6 < IOP <21 mm Hg) were similar in both groups at 12 months. There was no difference in the occurrence of the HP between the 2 groups (p = 0.123). Loss of BCVA >2 lines was more common in the non-TA group (p = 0.032). Conclusions Adjunctive intraoperative TA injection during AGV implantation can blunt peak IOP levels and reduce mean IOP up to 1 year. Visual outcomes also seem to be superior to standard surgery.

Remembered preoperative Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) scores

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Wormdal ◽  
S. H. Tallaksen ◽  
Ø. Hagen ◽  
O. A. Foss ◽  
V. Finsen
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Surgery Patient ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Basal Joint ◽  
Tunnel Syndrome ◽  
The Difference

The Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (QuickDASH) patient-reported outcome measure is frequently used to assess disabilities and symptoms of the upper extremity. This study compares real preoperative QuickDASH scores and remembered preoperative QuickDASH scores. Remembered preoperative QuickDASH scores were obtained 45 months (39–67) after surgery. Patient material consisted of 160 patients operated for Dupuytren’s contracture, carpal tunnel syndrome, thumb basal joint arthrosis, and shoulder pain. All patients had completed QuickDASH questionnaires before surgery. Paired T-tests, linear mixed models, and limits of agreement were used for analyses. There was a significant difference between remembered and real preoperative scores (mean 7.6, SD 15.6; SEM 1.2). Neither diagnosis, age, gender, nor time between surgery and review influenced the difference significantly. A linear mixed model was constructed to investigate the ability to retrospectively predict preoperative QuickDASH scores. Remembered preoperative QuickDASH cannot be used in individual patients because of the high inaccuracy. Level of evidence: III

scholarly journals ONLINE-TICS: Internet-Delivered Behavioral Treatment for Patients with Chronic Tic Disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 250
Author(s):  
Martina Haas ◽  
Ewgeni Jakubovski ◽  
Katja Kunert ◽  
Carolin Fremer ◽  
Nadine Buddensiek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders ◽  
The Difference

Comprehensive Behavioral Intervention for Tics (CBIT) is considered a first-line therapy for tics. However, availability of CBIT is extremely limited due to a lack of qualified therapists. This study is a multicenter (n = 5), randomized, controlled, observer-blind trial including 161 adult patients with chronic tic disorders (CTD) to provide data on efficacy and safety of an internet-delivered, completely therapist-independent CBIT intervention (iCBIT Minddistrict®) in the treatment of tics compared to placebo and face-to-face (f2f) CBIT. Using a linear mixed model with the change to baseline of Yale Global Tic Severity Scale-Total Tic Score (YGTSS-TTS) as a dependent variable, we found a clear trend towards significance for superiority of iCBIT (n = 67) over placebo (n = 70) (−1.28 (−2.58; 0.01); p = 0.053). In addition, the difference in tic reduction between iCBIT and placebo increased, resulting in a significant difference 3 (−2.25 (−3.75; −0.75), p = 0.003) and 6 months (−2.71 (−4.27; −1.16), p < 0.001) after the end of treatment. Key secondary analysis indicated non-inferiority of iCBIT in comparison to f2f CBIT (n = 24). No safety signals were detected. Although the primary endpoint was narrowly missed, it is strongly suggested that iCBIT is superior compared to placebo. Remarkably, treatment effects of iCBIT even increased over time.

scholarly journals A correct method to calculate the IDD value-added indicator in the Brazillian higher education quality assurance framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 568-586
Author(s):  
Ewout ter Haar
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Education Quality ◽  
Correct Method ◽  
Higher Education Quality ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Education Quality Assurance

This paper investigates the value-added indicator used in the Brazilian higher education quality assurance framework, the so-called IDD indicator for undergraduate programmes (“Indicator of the difference between observed and expected outcomes''). The two main claims are that since 2014 this indicator is calculated incorrectly and that this mistake has relevance for public policy. INEP, the educational statistical agency responsible for educational quality indicators in Brazil, incorrectly uses multilevel modeling in their value-added analysis. The IDD indicator is calculated by estimating a varying intercept linear mixed model, but instead of identifying the intercepts with the value added of courses, INEP uses the mean of the student residuals. That this was indeed the error made is shown by reproducing exactly INEP’s published values using the incorrect method with the microdata for the 2019 assessment cycle. I then compare these values to the ones obtained with the same model and same data, but using the correct value-added measure. A comparison of reliability estimates for both methods shows that this measure of internal consistency is indeed higher for the correct method. As an example of policy relevance, I calculate the number of courses that would change from “satisfactory” to “unsatisfactory” and vice-versa, using the usual criteria established by INEP, if the correct method is applied.

The association between attending specialized day care centers and the quality of life of people with dementia

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 627-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Mork Rokstad ◽  
Knut Engedal ◽  
Øyvind Kirkevold ◽  
Jūratė Šaltytė Benth ◽  
Maria Lage Barca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACTBackground:Day care that is designed for people with dementia aims to increase the users’ quality of life (QoL). The objective of the study was to compare the QoL of people with dementia attending day care with those not attending day care.Methods:The study is based on baseline data from a project using a quasi-experimental design, including a group of day care users (n = 183) and a comparison group not receiving day care (n = 78). Quality of Life-Alzheimer's Disease (QoL-AD) was used as the primary outcome, to collect both self-reported and proxy-based information from family carers on the users’ QoL. A linear mixed model was used to examine the differences between groups.Results:Attending day care was significantly associated with higher mean scores of self-reported QoL. There was no difference between the groups in proxy-reported QoL. Analyses of the interaction between group belonging and awareness of memory loss revealed that the participants with shallow or no awareness who attended day care had significant higher mean scores of QoL-AD compared to those not attending day care.Conclusions:Higher self-reported QoL was found among people attending day care designed for people with dementia compared to the comparison group. The difference in QoL ratings was found in the group of day care users with shallow or no awareness of their memory loss. Hence, day care designed for people with dementia might have the potential to increase QoL as it is experienced by the users.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations in Western Australian adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda J. Black ◽  
Sally A. Burrows ◽  
Peter Jacoby ◽  
Wendy H. Oddy ◽  
Lawrence J. Beilin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Western Australian

Despite the importance of skeletal growth during adolescence, there is limited research reporting vitamin D status and its predictors in adolescents. Using prospective data from the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study, we investigated vitamin D status and predictors of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations in adolescents. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured in the same participants at 14 and 17 years (n 1045 at both time points). The percentage of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50, 50–74·9 and ≥ 75 nmol/l was reported year-round and by month of blood collection. We examined the predictors of serum 25(OH)D concentrations, including sex, race, month of blood collection, physical activity, BMI, family income, and Ca and vitamin D intakes (n 919 at 14 years; n 570 at 17 years), using a general linear mixed model. At 14 years, 31 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and a further 4 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. At 17 years, 40 % of adolescents had serum 25(OH)D concentrations between 50 and 74·9 nmol/l and 12 % had concentrations < 50 nmol/l. Caucasian ethnicity, being sampled at the end of summer, exercising more, having a lower BMI, a higher Ca intake and a higher family income were significantly associated with higher serum 25(OH)D concentrations. The proportion of adolescents with serum 25(OH)D concentrations < 50 nmol/l was low in this Western Australian cohort. There is a need for international consensus on defining adequate vitamin D status in order to determine whether strategies to increase vitamin D status in adolescents are warranted.

scholarly journals Randomised clinical non-inferiority trial comparing two formulations of desoxycortone pivalate for the treatment of canine primary hypoadrenocorticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. e12-e12
Author(s):  
Hayley Farr ◽  
Beasley L Mason ◽  
Susan L Longhofer
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Glucocorticoid Therapy ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Generalised Linear Mixed Model ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference

BackgroundThis clinical trial compared two formulations of desoxycortone pivalate (DOCP) for treating the mineralocorticoid deficit in dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (PH).MethodsAt veterinary clinics in the USA and France, dogs with PH (n=152) were randomised (3:1) to receive approximately monthly treatments with either the test product, Zycortal (Dechra), administered subcutaneously (n=113), or the control product, Percorten-V (Novartis Animal Health), administered intramuscularly (n=39), both at an initial dose of 2.2 mg/kg DOCP. Treatment administrators were unblinded; veterinarians assessing clinical signs were blinded; owners were blinded until at least day 90, the primary end point. Veterinarians assessed treatment outcome based on all of the following: clinical signs; sodium concentrations; potassium concentrations. Dogs received concurrent glucocorticoid therapy throughout the trial. Non-inferiority was assessed using a generalised linear mixed model to compare success rates between groups.ResultsSuccess rates at day 90 were similar between groups (per-protocol population at day 90: Zycortal 87/101, 86.2 per cent, Percorten-V 29/34, 85.1 per cent). Zycortal was non-inferior to Percorten-V as the upper limit of the 95 per cent CI for the difference between groups was 13.6 per cent. Polydipsia and polyuria were the most common clinical observations.ConclusionBoth products, in combination with glucocorticoid therapy, were safe and effective in treating PH.

Comparing Graphical Formats for Feedback of Clinical Practice Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Saillour-Glénisson ◽  
Karine Nouette-Gaulain ◽  
Vianney Jouhet ◽  
Louis-Rachid Salmi ◽  
Aurélie Petit-Monéger
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Postoperative Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Motivation To Change ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The Difference

Summary Objectives: Although graphical formats used to feedback clinical practice data may have an important impact, the most effective formats remain unknown. Using prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting by anesthesiologists as an application, the objective of this study was to assess which graphical formats for feedback of clinical practice data are the most incentive to change practice. Methods: We conducted a multicenter cross-sectional study among anesthesiologists randomized in two groups between March andJune 2014. Each anesthesiologist assessed 15 graphical formats displaying an indicator of either prescription conformity or prescription effectiveness. Graphical formats varied by: type of graph (bar charts, linear sliders, or pictographs), presence or not of a target to reach, presence or not of a contrast between a hypothetical physician and his/her team, direction of the difference between the physician and his/her team, and restitution or not of the quality indicator evolution over the previous six months. The primary outcome was a numerical scale score expressing the anesthesiologists’ motivation to change his/her practice (ranging from 1 to 10 points). A linear mixed model was fitted to explain variation in motivation. Results: Sixty-six anesthesiologists assessed the conformity indicator and 67 assessed the effectiveness indicator. Factors associated with an increased motivation to change practice were: (i) presence of a clearly defined target to reach (conformity: β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0046; effectiveness: β = 1.11 points, p < 0.0001); (ii) contrast between the physician and his/her team (conformity: β = 0.38 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness: β = 0.33 points, p = 0.0021); (iii) better results for the team than for the physician (conformity: β = 0.65 points, p < 0.0001; effectiveness β = 1.16 points, p < 0.0001). For the effectiveness indicator, anesthesiologists were more motivated to change practice with bar charts (β = 0.24 points, p = 0.0447) and pictographs (β = 0.45 points, p = 0.0001) than with linear sliders. Conclusions: Graphs associated with a defined target to reach should be preferred to deliver feedback, especially bar graphs or pictographs for indicators which are more complex to represent such as effectiveness indicators. Anesthesiologists are also more motivated to change practice when graphs report contrasted data between the physician and his/her team and a lower conformity or effectiveness for the physician than for his/her team.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Abuse and Neglect of the Elderly Peoples of Chitmahal Areas in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
Md. Rabiul Awal ◽  
U. K. Majumder ◽  
Md. Mozahidul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Information Needs ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Elder Abuse ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Elder People

The present study applied different statistical tools to determine abused and neglected status among elderly people of the Chitmahal areas of Bangladesh. Also investigated the factors that associated with abuse and neglected status. The present study is conducted at the former Chitmahal areas which are situated at four districts namely Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, Kurigram and Panchagar in Northern Bangladesh. Among the total 141 Chitmahal areas, 36 Chitmahal areas are randomly selected for the study area and finally 270 elder families are included for this research purpose. Information about socio-demographic, economic, health status, abuse and neglected related characteristics of the respondents and their family members was collected by using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Elder abuse and neglect is the widespread issue in the world. This study found that most of the elder people (71.5%) of Chitmahal areas were neglected and abused in any form. Separately they were abused by psychologically (50.4%), financially (60.4), treatment related neglect (40%) and physically (1.5%). Most of them were neglected by their family members which mostly happened in the families with low monthly income and expenditure. The factors like age of elder people, educational level, previous and present occupation of respondents, ownership of house, monthly family income and expenditure, people’s participation in social occasion are the common significant factors for different types of abuse and neglected status of the aging peoples of Chitmahal areas in Bangladesh. The overall findings found a close relationship of abused and neglected status of the elderly peoples with their socio-economic, educational background and family economic condition. This information needs to be properly utilized in developing suitable social and motivational programs for elder families in the Chitmahal areas and countrywide by NGO’s and Government initiatives.

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