scholarly journals Design Strategy of Municipal Reconstruction of Expressway in Mountainous Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 9-12
Author(s):  
Shang Ye
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
The Creation

The construction of a mountain expressway is critical to the development of the mountain economy and the creation of mountain areas. However, since the service life of many mountain expressways continues to increase, municipal transformation design is required to improve the smoothness of the expressway, make efficient use of space, and reduce resource waste. The author investigates the current challenges in the construction of a mountainous expressway and proposes an effective method for municipal reconstruction design of a mountainous expressway, in the hopes of assisting in the optimization and development of the mountainous expressway.

scholarly journals Estimation of soil redistribution rates due to snow cover related processes in a mountainous area (Valle d'Aosta, NW Italy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 517-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ceaglio ◽  
K. Meusburger ◽  
M. Freppaz ◽  
E. Zanini ◽  
C. Alewell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Erosion Rates ◽  
Soil Redistribution ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Soil Accumulation ◽  
Snow Gliding

Abstract. Mountain areas are widely affected by soil erosion, which is generally linked to runoff processes occurring in the growing season and snowmelt period. Also processes like snow gliding and full-depth snow avalanches may be important factors that can enhance soil erosion, however the role and importance of snow movements as agents of soil redistribution are not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to provide information on the relative importance of snow related processes in comparison to runoff processes. In the study area, which is an avalanche path characterized by intense snow movements, soil redistribution rates were quantified with two methods: (i) by field measurements of sediment yield in an avalanche deposition area during 2009 and 2010 winter seasons; (ii) by caesium-137 method, which supplies the cumulative net soil loss/gain since 1986, including all the soil erosion processes. The snow related soil accumulation estimated with data from the deposit area (27.5 Mg ha−1 event−1 and 161.0 Mg ha−1 event−1) was not only higher than the yearly sediment amounts, reported in literature, due to runoff processes, but it was even more intense than the yearly total deposition rate assessed with 137Cs (12.6 Mg ha−1 yr−1). The snow related soil erosion rates estimated from the sediment yield at the avalanche deposit area (3.7 Mg ha−1 and 20.8 Mg ha−1) were greater than the erosion rates reported in literature and related to runoff processes; they were comparable to the yearly total erosion rates assessed with the 137Cs method (13.4 Mg ha−1 yr−1 and 8.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1). The 137Cs method also showed that, where the ground avalanche does not release, the erosion and deposition of soil particles from the upper part of the basin was considerable and likely related to snow gliding. Even though the comparison of both the approaches is linked to high methodological uncertainties, mainly due to the different spatial and temporal scales considered, we still can deduce, from the similarity of the erosion rates, that soil redistribution in this catchment is driven by snow movement, with a greater impact in comparison to the runoff processes occurring in the snow-free season. Nonetheless, the study highlights that soil erosion processes due to the snow movements should be considered in the assessment of soil vulnerability in mountain areas, as they significantly determine the pattern of soil redistribution.

scholarly journals The problem of the settlement of the mountainous area of the Ukrainian Carpathians: contradictions of methodological approaches and interpretations

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Myroslav Dnistryanskyy ◽  
Natalia Dnistryanska
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
North West ◽  
The Social ◽  
Migratory Movement ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Migratory Movements ◽  
Traditional Economy

The most controversial questions in research of settlement problems of the Ukrainian Carpathians are settling time, the role of different migratory movements and ethnic composition of immigrants. Historical records show that until the XIII century there was not an overall network of settlements in the mountainous areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Nevertheless, on the eve of that time, the Ukrainians quite rapidly adjusted directly to the foothills, Transcarpathian ways, they created defensive points in the highlands and carried out various nature use. Considering the socio-economic and security needs of the population of ancient foothill areas main migratory movement coming from the plains to mountain rivers flow to their origins, including the territory of Transcarpathia and Carpathian and Volyn and Podillya. The similarity place names on both sides of the Carpathians Ukrainian Transcarpathian confirm the influence of colonization movements that have left their traces in the mountains. Various historical and ethnographic artifacts indicate an important role in the settlement of the Carpathian mountain region south of colonization, i.e. relocation to the region population from the territory on the border of the middle and lower Danube, historic Transylvania and Moldova during the XIII-XVI centuries, which in the Commonwealth and some other states politically identified as “land Wlachs”. The main component of ethnic-social colonization was humanity southern Slavic-Rusyn origin. Settling mountain areas of Ukrainian Carpathians influenced the formation of the social structure of Ukrainian society, particularly on the spread of Ukrainian gentry, which was originally founding villages and their families. Value of different groups of immigrants from the south, north, west and east, as well as instituting the characteristics of the traditional economy and traditional culture under various environmental conditions and led to the formation of ethnic groups of the Ukrainian Carpathians (Boyko, Lemko, Hutsuls). Key words: settlement of the Ukrainian Carpathians, South colonization, Ukrainian ethnographic groups, toponymy of the Ukrainian Carpathians, Transcarpathian relocation.

scholarly journals Climate change impact on hydrological characteristics and water availability of the Mountain Pamir Rivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Inom Normatov ◽  
Parviz Normatov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Climate Change Impact ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Mass Movement ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
Using Data

Abstract. Results of monitoring accumulated snow cover in upstream areas of the Transboundary Pyanj River (Central Asia) are presented. It is found that the formation of the snow cover and the spatial distribution of atmospheric precipitation in the Mountain Pamir is determined by the orography of the terrain. Orography influences air mass movement in mountain areas, which contributes in different climatic zones to a shift in periods when the maximum amount of snow is falling. Completely different scenarios for the development of meteorological variables in the western and eastern parts of the Gunt River Basin were found, due, firstly, to the influence of the mountainous area orography and, secondly, to the penetration of various air masses. It is observed that in the western part of the basin the average annual precipitation remained almost unchanged over the period 1944–2014, whereas there is a decreasing trend in the eastern part. Assessment of the climate change impact on the formation of the Gunt River water flow was made by comparing the trend in the change of discharge using data from two observation periods 1940–1970 and 1986–2016. Calculations show a decrease of the Gunt River discharge by 5 % over a period of more than 70 years. The influence of climate warming on the river flow is indicated by comparison of river hydrograph in two periods 1940–1970 and 1986–2016. The hydrograph of the Vanch River in the earlier-mentioned periods shows a shift in the maximum of the monthly discharge towards the left, indicating an earlier melting of snow and glaciers in the upstream regions of the river and a significant increase in discharge in the period 1986–2016.

scholarly journals Monitoring NDVI Inter-Annual Behavior in Mountain Areas of Mainland Spain (2001–2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Arrogante-Funes ◽  
Carlos Novillo ◽  
Raúl Romero-Calcerrada
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Cover Changes ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Statistical Association ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Statistical Trends

Currently, there exists growing evidence that warming is amplified with elevation resulting in rapid changes in temperature, humidity and water in mountainous areas. The latter might result in considerable damage to forest and agricultural land cover, affecting all the ecosystem services and the socio-economic development that these mountain areas provide. The Mediterranean mountains, moreover, which host a high diversity of natural species, are more vulnerable to global change than other European ecosystems. The protected areas of the mountain ranges of peninsular Spain could help preserve natural resources and landscapes, as well as promote scientific research and the sustainable development of local populations. The temporal statistical trends (2001–2016) of the MODIS13Q1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) interannual dynamics are analyzed to explore whether the NDVI trends are found uniformly within the mountain ranges of mainland Spain (altitude > 1000 m), as well as in the protected or non-protected mountain areas. Second, to determine if there exists a statistical association between finding an NDVI trend and the specific mountain ranges, protected or unprotected areas are studied. Third, a possible association between cover types in pure pixels using CORINE (Co-ordination of Information on the Environment) land cover cartography is studied and land cover changes between 2000 and 2006 and between 2006 and 2012 are calculated for each mountainous area. Higher areas are observed to have more positive NDVI trends than negative in mountain areas located in mainland Spain during the 2001–2016 period. The growing of vegetation, therefore, was greater than its decrease in the study area. Moreover, differences in the size of the area between growth and depletion of vegetation patterns along the different mountains are found. Notably, more negatives than expected are found, and fewer positives are found than anticipated in the mountains, such as the Cordillera Cantábrica (C.Cant.) or Montes de Murcia y Alicante (M.M.A). Quite the reverse happened in Pirineos (Pir.) and Montes de Cádiz y Málaga (M.C.M.), among others. The statistical association between the trends found and the land cover types is also observed. The differences observed can be explained since the mountain ranges in this study are defined by climate, land cover, human usage and, to a small degree, by land cover changes, but further detailed research is needed to get in-depth detailed conclusions. Conversely, it is found that, in protected mountain areas, a lower NDVI pixels trend than expected (>20%) occurs, whereas it is less than anticipated in unprotected mountain areas. This could be caused by management and the land cover type.

Development of a Rational Basis for Design of Advanced Brushing Tools

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Stango ◽  
Chih-Yuan Shia ◽  
J. A. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Product Development ◽  
Iterative Procedure ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Analytical Procedure ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Rational Basis ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Mechanics Analysis

In this paper, issues that are relevant to the design of brushing tool systems are examined and discussed. First, a general framework for brush design is presented that can provide a basis for the synthesis of advanced brushing tools, that is, brushes having predetermined performance characteristics and service life. The proposed general design strategy utilizes an iterative procedure that is based upon applicative considerations, performance requirements, and geometric/materials issues that are peculiar to a specific brush system. Next, an analytical procedure is developed that can facilitate the design of brush stiffness and brush compliance properties. This aspect of the design problem is formulated on the basis of nondimensional parameters that are associated with a quasi-static, large-displacement mechanics analysis for brush/workpart interaction. Numerical examples are presented illustrating the use of this approach for the design of brushing tools that possess unique stiffness/compliance functions. Implications that this design capability can have on the development of advanced brushing processes, as well as product development and brush manufacture, are briefly discussed.

The Acropolis Basilica Project, Sparta: a preliminary report for the 2000 season

2002 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 429-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Sweetman ◽  
Evi Katsara
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Ground Plan ◽  
British School ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Church

The Acropolis Basilica, Sparta, was first excavated by G. Guttle, under the auspices of the British School at Athens, in the 1920s. Two further campaigns were carried out by members of the Athens Archaeological Society, who were not privy to the unpublished excavation daybooks of the British campaign. As a result, 80 years on, the church is still poorly understood; its date and chronological development have been the subject of much scholarly debate, as has its attribution to Osios Nikon. The first phase of a new study of the basilica is now well underway. This consists of non-intrusive study and recording to reach a better understanding of the monument and the previous investigations before new excavations are carried out. The aims of the first phase of the project are to undertake archaeological cleaning of the basilica and its associated buildings to facilitate the production of an accurate ground plan of monuments, the creation of stone by stone elevations of the exterior walls of all the buildings, and the detailed photography of every aspect of the entire basilica complex. Detailed recording of the features exposed in the basilica has been carried out in order to assess chronological phasing (both through context and architecture), use of space within the basilica and potential reconstructions of the edifices. Following the first season of the project, we have a number of preliminary ideas regarding the phasing of the basilica and use of architectural space. In this article we present these ideas, our methodology, a new plan of the monument and its associated buildings and, for the first time, a resume of Cuttle's excavations.

scholarly journals Cobalt–Niobium-Carbide Eutectic Alloys for Increasing the Service Life of Gas Turbine Engines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 678-693
Author(s):  
G. P. Dmitrieva ◽  
T. S. Cherepova ◽  
T. V. Pryadko
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Niobium Carbide ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Turbine Engines ◽  
Gas Turbine Engines ◽  
Eutectic Alloys ◽  
Heat Resistant ◽  
The Creation

This article represents the stages of the creation of new serial wear-proof and heat-resistant (at temperatures up to 1100 °C) cobalt–Nb-carbide cast eutectic alloys of the KhTN (XTN) grade at the G.V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine, comparing them by their main properties, and use in aircraft engine engineering.

scholarly journals LINGUOCOLOR PICTURE OF THE FASHION INDUSTRY WORLD CREATED BY PANTONE COLOR INSTITUTE IN 2008-2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu Ma ◽  
◽  
Nadezhda V. Situn ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Design Strategy ◽  
Fashion Industry ◽  
Color Information ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Creation Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Color Patterning

The article aims to consider the linguocolor picture of the fashion industry as it is created by PANTONE, a leading source of color information in the world. PANTONE COLOR INSTITUTE is a consulting service within PANTONE that leverages the power, psychology and emotion of color in their design strategy. Thus the process of color patterning through naming is analyzed, the culture-specific nature of the creation process and its pragmatics are exposed.

scholarly journals THE SEMIOTICS OF BANYAN TREE SPACES IN DENPASAR, BALI

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
I Kadek Merta Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Space System ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Sacred Values ◽  
Five Senses ◽  
The Creation

ABSTRACT The concept of Banyan space (spaces under Banyan tree) possesses both secular and ritual values. Secular values are related to the use of space for socio-economic activities, such as trading to others and meeting with friends. Ritual values are related to activities that take place around the Banyan tree as an expression of belief on the tree’s “tenget” (sacred) values. Secular and ritual values create the concept of space on Banyan tree, based on the elements of space and the conception used of these spaces. A system of signs (signifier and signified) mark the values or meanings of “sekala” and “niskala” space. This research aims to find out the elements that create the “sekala” and “niskala” space by analysing the space system of signifier and signified. “Sekala” is tangible or visible space which can be perceived by five senses. “Niskala” is intangible or invisible space, yet it exists and Balinese Hindus believe in its presence. The research focuses on the system of activities from selected cases by purposive sampling using qualitative naturalistic method and approach. The results of this research emphasize that (1) there are elements (signifier and signified) that create the “sekala” and “niskala” space and (2) there are normative and scientific concepts of Banyan trees as the background for the creation of the “sekala” and niskala space. Keywords: sekala space, niskala space, secular and ritual values, signifier and signified space

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