scholarly journals Criticism of Historicism by Karl Popper

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 308-334
Author(s):  
Badinan Mohammed Rasool ◽  
Hassan Husen Sdiq ◽  
Jamal Fathulla Taib
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject

Karl Raimund Popper is one of the influential and prominent philosophers in the 20th century, who had a crucial role in the natural and social sciences. Whatever he discussed was the subject to study and engaged many researchers and intellectuals in it. This thesis is another paper which shows an effective and a wide range of Popper's philosophy field. Popper`s criticism of Historicism is one of his characteristics that he is known for. In addition, it can be said that his two books entitled the (The poverty of Historicism, and The Open Society and It`s Enemies) have been dedicated to this purpose. In this thesis (Criticism of Historicism by Karl Popper), the focus is on Popper`s criticism of Historicism and it attempts to display his perspective on this issue objectively.

Politics and Morality in the Thought of Karl Popper

1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Minogue
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Political Thought ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social

LIKE MANY PEOPLE, I FIND KARL POPPER BOTH FASCINATING and irritating. His vigour and lucidity are irresistible, and no one could complain that he fails to engage with the big questions. The problems begin when we consider his political thought. Some think him one of the great liberal philosophers of the century. I on the other hand, while being fascinated by The Open Society and its Enemies, am repelled by the grossness of its caricaturing of most of the thinkers it touches. The Poverty of Historicism is a marvellous text in the philosophy of the social sciences, but the idea of historicism is a straw man. The paradox seems to be that while there is a lot that refers to the political questions of the day, there is virtually nothing which takes up issues of political philosophy directly. The result is that he seems to me always to be on the wrong foot, and my problem is to discover why.

Karl Popper und das Staatsverständnis des Kritischen Rationalismus

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
The Political ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Karl Popper ◽  
Open Society ◽  
Social Reformer ◽  
Theory Of Science ◽  
German Politics

Hardly anyone has defended an open society in the political philosophy of the 20th century as passionately as Karl Popper. His understanding of democracy is closely linked with his theory of science and criticism of Plato, Hegel and Marx. As a liberal and a social reformer, he has been a key figure in influencing German politics across party lines since the 1970s. Reviews of Popper’s work can even be found in the theory and teachings of constitutional law (namely those of Peter Häberle) and in Germany’s constitutional court. Even today, Popper’s works can be used to take a stance against not only dictatorships and concepts of ‘communities’, but also against the pseudo-liberal, merciless form of capitalism embodied by so-called ‘Ich-AGs’ (single companies founded by unemployed individuals).

scholarly journals Arbitration: the sheepowners and the shearers

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Martin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Rural Workers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Labour History

In late 1981 I attended the NZ Historical Association's annual conference at Victoria University, and heard a paper given by Jim Holt on the arbitration system in the early years of the 20th century. At the time I was beginning to work my way into the subject of labour history and the crucial role of arbitration, by looking at rural trade unions in particular. I found Jim Holt's paper particularly interesting and remember discussing with him briefly afterwards the extent to which awards were a means of disciplining and controlling workers such as shearers and threshing-mill hands. It is especially pleasing to see that work and his other already published articles coming together in book form at long last I subsequently sent him a paper of my own which he commented on in a letter saying: 'I haven't spent much time on rural workers partly because the most critical episode for the history of arbitration was well covered by Brendan Thompson (in his thesis on the Canterbury Agricultural and Pastoral Labourers' application for an award in 1907-8)." He also suggested that he was pushing forward his research on the arbitration system: "The 1930s I haven't thought about much yet but I am getting there gradually. Am about to work on the 1920s." I found his open and responsive approach welcome indeed.

scholarly journals «[…] en enkel og saklig innføring i norsk språkhistorie» Språkhistorie som norskdidaktisk emne – et faghistorisk utsyn

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Stian Hårstad
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Teacher Educators ◽  
Research Review ◽  
Language History ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Current Curriculum

Artikkelen tar for seg språkhistorie som norskdidaktisk emne i et faghistorisk perspektiv. På grunnlag av en lang rekke styringsdokumenter (læreplaner og studieplaner) og fagdidaktisk og disiplinfaglig litteratur undersøkes hvordan språkets historiske dimensjoner har blitt tematisert som kunnskapsområde. Et hovedfunn i denne gjennomgangen er at det historiske (eller historiserende) lengdesnittet har vært til stede gjennom hele 1900-tallet og fortsatt finnes i gjeldende læreplan – om enn med temmelig varierende vektlegging og detaljering. Læreplanene har i stor grad overlatt til praktikerne (lærerne og lærerutdannerne) å avgrense hva de språkhistoriske emnene skal romme. Litteraturanalysen viser videre at den didaktiske refleksjonen på dette feltet bare unntaksvis har kommet på trykk, og denne begrensete språkhistorie-didaktiske debatten må forstås på bakgrunn av tilstanden i forsknings- og studiefaget.Nøkkelord: språkhistorie-didaktikk, språkdidaktikk, språkhistorie, norskdidaktikkAbstractThis article deals with language history as a didactic topic in the subject Norwegian as L1. On the basis of a wide range of documents (curricula and syllabi) and didactic and disciplinary literature, the article seeks to examine how the historical dimensions of language have been treated as an area of knowledge. A main finding is that the historic (or historicizing) perspective has been present through the entire 20th century and still can be found in the current curriculum – though the emphasis and itemization have varied significantly. The curricula have largely entrusted the practicians (the teachers and teacher educators) with the powers to delineate the language history topics. The research review further shows that the didactic reflections within this field only sporadically have appeared in print, and this limited didactic discussion of language history must be understood on the background of the condition of the discipline.Keywords: language history didactics, language didactics, language history, didactics of Norwegian as L1

scholarly journals “Alle Hilfsmittel an der Hand”: note sulle prime fotografie collezionate da Aby Warburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Katia Mazzucco
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Theoretical Position ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Aby Warburg ◽  
Made In

There is no evidence of a consistent theoretical position of Aby Warburg regarding photography, but his scattered notes on the subject allow for a deductive evaluation. The considerable use of photographs that he made in his work suggests a wide range of methodological approaches, with significant implications for the disciplinary and methodological definition of art history and the development of photographic documentation at the turn of the 20th century. This essay provides examples of Warburg’s early attention to photography, both as a research tool and a required piece of equipment for any research institute.

scholarly journals The military apartment fee in Belarus (second half of the 19th – early 20th century)

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Aliaksandr B. Arlukevich
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Public Utilities ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Total Income ◽  
Government Institutions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

The article reveals the influence of the military housing tax on the socio-economic development of municipal centers and the processes of urbanisation in Belarus in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. On the basis of a wide range of sources, it is proved that during the period under review, the amount of funds collected by the population in cities and towns with the active mediation of local self-government institutions for the rental of army headquarters, infirmaries, warehouses, officers’ apartments, rent and construction of soldiers’ barracks was comparable to the total income of magistrates and thus deprived them of the necessary reserve for saving and developing public utilities and infrastructure. On this basis, the collection of apartment money can be considered one of the key economic factors that determined the specifics of the development of the Belarusian city during the modernisation period. Until now the collection of funds in the framework of post-conscription in the territory of the Belarusian provinces has not become the subject of special research. Most of the facts presented in the work are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.

scholarly journals Lonesome Sailing Ship - Reflections on the Rock-Carvings of Sweden and Their Interpreters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-96
Author(s):  
Katherine Hauptman Wahlgren
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Important Task ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Sailing Ship ◽  
Ancient Remains

The study of rock-carvings has developed into a separate field of archaeology, often outside the general discourse. The number of works on the subject does not reflect the wide range of interpretations that could be expected. Rather than inspire, the pictorial world has restrained the interpretative discussion. During the first half of the 20th century the religious approach dominated, while the perspective of the 1970s and '80s focused mainly on mani festations of status. The 1990s marked a revival of interest in the ritual dimension of the rock-carvings. In this article it is argued that rock-carving interpretations ought to be integrated into the wider discourse, as well as into a local context of contemporaneous ancient remains. Another important task for future research is to study the meaning of the carving act, not only the significance of the images.

scholarly journals Variability of the Russian educational axiosphere of the early 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01048
Author(s):  
Natalia P. Khvataeva ◽  
Marina A. Zakharishcheva
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
History Of Education ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Structural Method ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Being the subject of interest of many scientists, the evolution of education is considered as a process, as a set of values that are reflected in the works of educators of each era. In this case, the object of the study is the first half of the 20th century, as the most controversial era in terms of values, represented by a wide range of pedagogical ideas and trends. The article analyzes various texts of educators of the early 20th century to form a holistic view concerning the axiological field of education at that time. The applied methods of analysis and synthesis, generalization, abstraction, classification, and modeling, as well as the historical and structural method were dictated by the purpose of the study. The conducted work has resulted in the clarification of the concept of the axiosphere, its components and objective laws, the description of the educational axiosphere of the declared era through the analysis and synergy of values and meanings of educators of that time. The reliability of the result is ensured by the reference to the author’s text of the studied educators, which allowed formulating their values in their own language, so to speak in the first person. The attempt to present the value dominants of different educational figures of the same time as components of a single axiosphere is a fundamentally new approach, since traditionally in the history of education, it is customary to oppose the author’s pedagogical concepts and consider them as autonomous, sometimes contradictory systems.

scholarly journals INCOME AND WEALTH: THEORIZATION OF ESSENCE AND ASYMMETRY OF DISTRIBUTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (18(46)) ◽  
pp. 40-49
Author(s):  
Tetyana Valigura
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
National Income ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Material Condition ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The categories «income» and «wealth» are now at the center of the study of many social sciences and if «income» clearly tends to the field of scientific research of economists and financiers (but is not limited to them), «wealth», is a category in which researchers in the fields of sociology, psychology, philosophy and other sciences are no less interested. The interest of a wide range of sciences in the essence of the studied categories reflects social changes taking place in the world in general and in Ukraine in particular. Thus, according to Credit Suisse, the lower half of wealth owners in mid-2019 owned less than 1% of total world wealth, while the richest 10% owned 82% of world wealth, and the richest 1% of owners – 45%. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and to form a theoretical basis for the asymmetries of their distribution. The article considers the theoretical essence of the categories «income» and «wealth» and reveals the differences between them. The definition of these categories in the reference literature is analyzed, the key features that characterize them are identified and the definition of the categories «income» and «wealth» in accordance with the given features is formulated and substantiated. A graphical interpretation of the asymmetries of the distribution of income and wealth of the population, corporate income and national income and wealth is given. The study showed that the key differences between the categories of «income» and «wealth» is that wealth can take both tangible and intangible expression, and income is only valuable. At the same time, wealth involves owning a large number of goods. By influencing the subject, income improves his material condition, and wealth arises from the assertion of tangible or intangible goods as such in the human mind.

scholarly journals Remake jako forma dialogu z klasyką (inspiracje „Szynelem” Mikołaja Gogola w wybranej literaturze rosyjskiej XX i XXI w.)

Politeja ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2(59)) ◽  
pp. 327-351
Author(s):  
Martyna Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Short Story ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
The Subject ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Political Principles

Remake as a Form of the Dialogue with the Classics (Nikolai Gogol’s ‘The Overcoat' as an Inspiration in Russian Literature in the End of the 20th Century and the Beginning of the 21st Century) The article is devoted to the very recent phenomenon in contemporary Russian literature – to a remake. The subject of this research is the literary ‘dialogue’ between classical short story (The Overcoat by Nikolay Gogol) and Russian literary works in the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century. In scope, there is a micro-novel of Vladimir Voinovich The Fur Hat, then Dmitry Gorchev’s novel The Phone and Vladimir Shinkariev’s work The Flat, as well as Bashmachkin – a drama written by Oleg Bogaev. The interest that contemporary authors demonstrate in Gogol’s work is a result of the problems described which still appear to be current. This is also an attempt to make Russian classics contemporary and reinterpret the 20th century novel simultaneously. The methods of bringing ‘Gogol’s text’ up to date in the above-mentioned works present the wide range of possibilities that remake gives. Voinovich put social and political principles of Soviet state in the first place. The Table of Ranks together with its submission of an individual towards the state has been deeply analyzed. In Gorchev’s and Shinkariev’s stories contemporary Bashmachkins – ‘little men’, eager to fulfill their dreams about better life – are presented. What is more, those texts show a very interesting picture of Russian reality in the beginning of 21st century ruled by lawlessness, corruption and money. The most original approach to Gogol’s work was presented by Bogaev in Bashmachkin’s story continuation. However, the main character is the overcoat who is administering justice on behalf of a dying hero. The remake-sequel is not only a modernized version of Gogol’s plot but also a new text growing up from a postmodern game. A proposed analysis of the above-mentioned Russian remakes presents many different ways a classic literature text can be modernized thanks to this kind of adaptation. However, on the ground of Russian literature, a remake is above all a pursuit of a dialogue with the classics, an attempt to modernize the problematic aspects and emphasize timeless contents.

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