scholarly journals Problems and Trends in Promoting Japanese Automotive Products on World Markets

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
I. V. Makarova ◽  
D. Z. Nikolishvili
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
New Class ◽  
Car Market ◽  
World Markets ◽  
International Trading ◽  
Japanese Companies

This paper presents a study of the international car market; analysis of the development of automotive markets in Europe and Russia’s national car market; a review of the global car market; and international trading activity in the car market. Japan’s automotive industry is signifiantly developed with Toyota as one of the world’s leaders. Also, in addition to cars, Japanese companies are among the leaders in the production of motorcycles and engines for cars participating in sports races. Japanese legislation encourages the production and sale of cars with high environmental friendliness, hybrid and electric cars. This step allows companies to focus their production on a new class of cars, which helps Japanese companies outstrip European and American cars of the future. However, cars’ air pollution is relevant for Japan since the state subsidizes automakers and consumers, reducing taxes and supporting companies that switch to hybrid vehicles.

scholarly journals Transformation of World Automotive Industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439
Author(s):  
P. P. Sushkevich
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

The world industry is on a threshold of a new development cycle which is characterized by emergence of breakthrough technologies: distributed ledger technology, drone-type devices, 3D printing, virtual reality, Internet of things, augmented reality etc. Due to these technologies fundamental changes will take place in the majority of economic branches. The automotive industry is not an exception. This industry plays one of the key roles in economy in a great number of countries and changes occurring in it lead not only to creation of new products, technical processes but these changes also entail improvement of the industrial base which has been already created. The Republic of Belarus considers an automotive industry as one of key industries for its economy and its efficiency has a high dependency factor pertaining to speed of innovation emergence and implementation that is strategically important aspect of increase in competitiveness both on current sales markets and on potential ones. The paper pays a special attention to two main trends arising in the course of forming a new industrialization: increase in environmentally-friendly fuel systems and digital transformation. Problems of world ecology have exerted a considerable impact on developments in the field of alternative energy sources. Speed of development and promotion of electric vehicles considerably exceed “breakthrough” innovation developments of the past. However a great number of factors can have a significant effect on the future of electric vehicles and two of them are thoroughly considered in the paper: cost of energy (batteries) and price of oil (at the price of about 20 USD for barrel the development rate will considerably decrease). Besides the matter of environmental friendliness the paper pays attention to services of digital transformation. The world has already presented examples pertaining to usage of remote control for dump trucks, telematics etc. Such an approach makes it possible for organizations to optimize substantially an expenditure budget and doing so we increase resource use efficiency. The paper also contains a review of innovations in the automotive industry of the Republic of Belarus: BelGee electric cars, Belkommunmash electrobuses, developments of large industrial equipment.

Precise and High Response Measuring Method of Meshing Force of Planetary Gear Mechanism

2012 ◽  
Vol 516 ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Yuta Morimoto ◽  
Toshiki Hirogaki ◽  
Eiichi Aoyama ◽  
Yasuhiro Uenishi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Differential Rotation ◽  
Planetary Gear ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Gear Noise ◽  
Gear Mechanism ◽  
Planetary Gear Mechanism

Recently, technology for electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid vehicles (HEV) has been focused on by the automotive industry to address environmental problems including CO2 reduction [. In particular, in HEV, planetary gears are used to control differential rotation of the motor, engine and generator. For these vehicles, the noise level inside the vehicle is low because the motor is used as the main power source. As a result, further decrease of gear noise is desired compared with the conventional planetary gear mechanism. However, research into the gear noise of the planetary gear mechanism is extremely scarce. Therefore, in this study, we focus on the three axes of I/O rotation, and a new method of measuring the meshing force of the planetary gear mechanism. In this report, a gear-driving device, which is able to make 3-axis differential rotation, was designed for experimentation.

scholarly journals THE EMERGENCE OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY IN CHINA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Krause ◽  
◽  
Nadiya Golda ◽  
Iryna Pinyak ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
General Motors ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Car Market

The engineering industry, including the automotive industry, belongs to the strategic branches of the country’s economy and to a large extent determines the level of development. The Chinese automobile industry dates back to 1953, and the first automobile factory, the First Automobile Works (FAW), was started in Beijing. Over the next few years, several more car factories were established in Nanjing, Khanhai, Jinan and Beijing. The requirements of funds, technologies and automotive modernization stimulated the attraction of external investment. A number of restrictive measures have been adopted to curb external competition, reduce car imports and attract innovative technologies, including high tariff and non-tariff barriers, screening, and restrictions on foreign capital, Limiting market share to foreign companies. When signing the joint-venture agreement, the Chinese side insisted on technology transfer and subordination to the Chinese leadership. Volkswagen first built a car factory in China. Today almost every progressive car company is represented in the Chinese car market, such as Mercedes-Bens, Ford, General Motors, Suzuki, Daihatsu, Honda, Subaru, Citreon, Toyota. Most of them have partnerships with one of China’s top three car manufacturers. American, European, and Japanese automakers see China as a promising market as demand for vehicles in the US and Europe shrinks. To the Chinese automobile market, the cars are made according to the requirements of the local consumer – conservative, with high-quality design, low and middle price segment. Since 2009, foreign automobile companies have accounted for 85% of the Chinese car market. About 60% of the cars sold in China are locally produced. However, China’s automobile industry is highly fragmented and mostly consists of small companies that produce a small range of components. Such production is labour-intensive with relatively low use of advanced technologies compared to car manufacturers in developed countries, often lacking economies of scale. Research expenditure accounts for a large part of the expenditure structure. Most companies produce low-tech parts with significant import presence.

scholarly journals Influence of External Environmental Factors on Range Estimation of Autonomous Hybrid Vehicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy ◽  
Imre Zsombók
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Environmentally Conscious ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Electric Driving ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Matrix

AbstractDuring our research, we focus on a less researched area in the development of autonomous vehicles. Automotive industry is turning more and more from conventional, internal combustion engine equipped vehicles to the electric cars. Today, electric driving is mostly limited to urban traffic, this is the area where range and refueling limits can be a real alternative. However, it is important to think of those who intend to use vehicle in longer distances, and hybrid technology can provide them a modern, environmentally conscious way of transport.In this article, we describe the method of creating the fuel consumption influencing factors matrix, which is the starting point of our research. We studied relevant researches and based on refueling studies we created the matrix. Based on results of real tests, we determined the factor mix that are the basis of our fuel consumption prediction model. These results will be inputs of planning routes of autonomous vehicles with optimized refueling and fuel consumption.

scholarly journals The Effect of Reducing Electric Car Purchase Incentives in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatan J. Gómez Vilchez ◽  
Christian Thiel
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Technology Transition ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Electro Mobility

The importance of electric car purchase incentives is starting to be questioned. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential effect of reducing or removing electric car purchase public subsidies in the European Union. To this end, the system dynamics Powertrain Technology Transition Market Agent Model is used. The size and timing of purchase incentives for this technology in European countries are investigated under eight scenarios and sensitivity analysis performed. The simulations suggest that, in the short-run, the electric car market share is higher when the subsidies remain in place. In the medium-run, a purchase subsidy scheme granting €3000 for plug-in hybrid electric cars and €4000 for battery electric cars over the period 2020–2024 yields the fastest electric car market uptake of all the scenarios considered. We conclude that, though the current evolution of the battery price is favorable, electric car purchase subsidies remain an effective policy measure to support electro-mobility in the next years.

scholarly journals New Risk Situations Related to Low Noise from Electric Vehicles: Perception of Workers as Pedestrians and Other Vehicle Drivers

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6701
Author(s):  
María Carmen Pardo-Ferreira ◽  
Juan Antonio Torrecilla-García ◽  
Carlos de las Heras-Rosas ◽  
Juan Carlos Rubio-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Low Speeds ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Sales of electric and hybrid electric vehicles are increasing steadily worldwide, and consequently their presence increases in city areas. At low speeds, the low levels of noise produced by these vehicles could become a new risk factor for road users. However, the magnitude of the risk has not been accurately determined. In addition, its inclusion in the work environment could pose a new risk that should be managed. Thus, in relation to low noise levels of electric and hybrid vehicles, this study aimed to characterise the risk situations and determine the risk perception of workers as pedestrians and internal combustion engine vehicle drivers coming into contact with these vehicles. The data were extracted from 417 questionnaires filled out by the employees of public service companies who come into contact with electric and hybrid vehicles during their working day in the city of Málaga, in the region of Andalusia, Spain. According to the experiences reported, it seems that the risk due to the low noise levels of electric vehicles is moderate and does not reach alarming levels. These risk situations usually occurred in low speed urban areas, particularly when crossing the road, or in semi-pedestrian areas. Almost half the respondents considered that the electric vehicle poses a risk to other road users because it is more difficult to hear, and they believe it likely that other road users could be injured. Despite that risk, pedestrians did not change their way of walking or moving around the parking areas and other areas of the company. Electric and hybrid electric cars are now required to produce sound when travelling at low speeds. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of this measure should be assessed once implemented and future research should explore alternative non-acoustic measures.

Risk Assessment of the Paris Climate Agreement Ratification for the Transport Complex of Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Юрий Трофименко ◽  
Yuri Trofimenko ◽  
В. Комков ◽  
V. Komkov
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Gross Domestic Product Growth ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions ◽  
Vehicle Fleet ◽  
Paris Climate Agreement ◽  
Transport Complex

The key topics of the Paris Agreement on climate change prevention by way of greenhouse gases emissions regulation, and the risks for the transport industry in case of this agreement ratification have been considered. Using the developed methodology and forecast assessments of the number and structures of vehicle fleets and transport work, has been carried out the assessment of potential reduction for greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions by all means of transport for the period up to 2030, and measures to this reduction achievement. It has been established that GHG emissions by transport in 2030 can be reduced in comparison with 2015 from 286.0 to 261.2…282.0 million tons of CO2-eq. that is 20…26% more than in 1990. To achieve the target level of GHG emissions by transport in 2030 (70…75% of the 1990 level) is possible only if the entire car fleet of Russia (66.3…73.6 million units) will consist by half of hybrid vehicles and by half of electric ones. The main measures for reaching the stabilization path of GHG emission volumes by the transport complex, and then reducing these volumes by 5…12% in 2030 are follows: introduction of a carbon-based transport tax on all types of vehicles; introduction and tightening of specific (per unit mileage) standards for fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of single vehicles; measures for substitution of transport whose age exceeds 10 … 15 years, by electric cars, hybrids, and vehicles that run on alternative fuels, the use of carbon-free transports in the vehicle fleet. The formed system of GHG emissions regulation should foresee a differentiated approach to various sectors of the economy (taking into account objective differences in their development level, and technological possibilities on GHG emissions reducing), and should not thwart goals of intensive development for economy with gross domestic product growth rates exceeding the world average ones.

Study on the Engine Start/Stop Control Strategy of Hybrid Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Vol 139-141 ◽  
pp. 1591-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Jun Zhao ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Guo Jun Li
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle ◽  
Power Source ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Hybrid Vehicle Control ◽  
Crucial Part ◽  
Engine Start

The hybrid vehicle is currently one of the research focuses of automotive industry. The mode of ‘engine start/stop strategy’ has become a crucial part in (hybrid) vehicle control strategy. In this paper, both home and abroad researches of the ‘engine start/stop control strategy’ were summed up. From automotive engineering perspective, several aspects were in-depth analyzed and discussed, including the engine providing control energy or power resources, substitutability of energy and the negative problems brought by starting/stopping the engine. According to economy and overall loss, the objective function of optimization of the strategy was proposed. For solving the related engineering application problems caused by using the engine start/stop strategy on hybrid vehicles, the appropriate additional solutions were given from three aspects such as adding power source, controlling and switching clutch program of power source, and coupling and connection of the engine and auxiliary energy, providing an important reference for related study.

scholarly journals European automotive technological innovation systems in the age of disruption: The suppliers’ view

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-77
Author(s):  
Ana Hafner ◽  
Dolores Modic
Keyword(s):  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Autonomous Driving ◽  
Innovation Systems ◽  
Innovation Activity ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers ◽  
Method Approach

Abstract Although empirical studies show that suppliers’ innovativeness enhances original equipment manufacturers’ (OEM) total innovation performance, some evidence reveals that suppliers’ innovation affects OEM in quantitatively and qualitatively limited ways. This study aims to explore innovation systems of European automobile producers, i.e., OEM. Technological innovation systems (TIS) remain relatively underexplored, but the approach is especially valuable for explaining why and how sustainable and circular innovation develop and spread. We applied a mixed-method approach and conducted patent analyses and interviews with 20 respondents from Slovenia, Austria, and Hungary, which are representatives of suppliers for the automotive industry and automotive clusters. We confirm that the European OEMs build innovation ecosystems that are more closed than their Asian counterparts. Furthermore, we define three paths of how inventions of suppliers can reach the OEMs, with developmental suppliers (large companies) having the highest probability of influencing the innovation activity of OEMs. The entry of small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) and start-ups with their inventions is difficult. However, it is not impossible, especially if they develop new solutions connected to current disruptive trends in the automotive industry: electric cars, autonomous driving and digitalisation.

scholarly journals Statistical Analysis of the Electric Car Market Development in Ukraine: Problems and Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
I. A. Honchar ◽  
Z. O. Palyan
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Charging Stations

UN Sustainable Development Goals contain an ecological component: stabilizing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases and finding alternative sources of energy. The introduction of electric cars will help solve both problems simultaneously. The analysis of the current world trends in the cars market shows the steady growth of consumer preferences for electric cars and the rapid reaction of the world’s automakers. According to forecasts provided by Bloomberg New Energy Finance, it is expected that in 2040, more than half (54%) of world car sales will come from electric vehicles. The spread of this type of ecological vehicles associated with the decision on technical, organizational and legal nature create an infrastructure of electric charging stations. The article proposed analyzes the dynamics of prevalence of electric vehicles and development of services of electric charging stations in Ukraine. In the car market electric cars Ukraine appeared recently, since 2012 (the first 10 units), but during the next 5 years, the number of registered annually increased by 37.5 times and as of 01.01.2018 already numbered 5688 cars. The rapid increase in the number of registered electric vehicles started from 2016, when the import duty on electric cars was canceled at the legislative level. The number of registered electric cars in Ukraine increased by 11 times in 2016–2017. During these two years the share of electric cars in total sales doubled and reached 4.6% in 2017. Today the coverage of the territory of Ukraine by electric charging stations is about 20%. However, the rate of expansion of the number of electric charging stations even for one 2017 year are impressive, namely, the fourfold increase. Expansion of the Ukrainian market of electric cars is constrained by the unregulated status of electric charging stations, as well as services related to servicing and operation of electric vehicles. First of all, the issue of classification of the activity of providing services for charging the battery of electric cars should be solved. It is possible to resolve the issue, if one distinguishes a separate activity in one of the Classification of Economic Activities (CEA) sections. The current version of the Classification of Economic Activities contains an activity related exclusively to vehicle maintenance (section G, division 45, group 2), which does not include service for charging a car battery. The solution of the issue is the introduction of a new type of activity: “Services for charging batteries”. As a result it will allow creating favorable conditions for the development of the market for servicing and operation of electric vehicles.

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