scholarly journals Review of psychological studies of vandalism of children and adolescents as the basis for designing prevention programs in the educational environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
E. N. Volkova ◽  
E. A. Mititsina
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Psychological Determinants ◽  
Total List ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Introduction. The article provides an overview of Russian and foreign studies of vandalism among children and adolescents, which is carried out in order to highlight the personal and environmental determinants of vandal activity of students, as well as to determine the possibilities of taking them into account when developing methods for preventing vandal behavior.Materials and Methods. Analysis, generalization and structuring of research results, theoretical material and practical recommendations on the problem of vandal behavior of young people.Results. The total list of publications was 1499 russian and foreign works. 44 articles were selected for analysis in accordance with the issued criteria. The content of these works allows us to characterize the essence of vandalism and its types, age, gender and personal predictors of vandalism, protective and provocative factors of vandalism in the educational and family environment, as well as directions for its prevention.Discussion and Conclusions. The analysis will provide an opportunity to consider vandalism as a form of aggressive behavior of children and adolescents and to outline the prospects for the development of a program to prevent vandalism among students. As a research perspective, the need for a more detailed empirical study of situational factors and socio-psychological determinants that act as a trigger for vandal behavior, as well as taking into account Russian sociocultural conditions, is highlighted.

scholarly journals Structure of readiness of pedagogical university students for prevention of addictive behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 00049
Author(s):  
E.G. Shubnikova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Addictive Behavior ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Future Teachers ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Behavior Based

The spread of addictive behavior among minors continues to be a dangerous trend about children and young people. Therefore, one of the most important areas of pedagogical activity is the prevention of addictions in educational organizations, as well as the training of pedagogical university students for being able to prevent addictions in children and adolescents. The study considers the structure of pedagogical university students’ readiness for the prevention of addictions in the educational environment, relying on a competence-based approach. We have proposed a characteristic of the model for assessing the competence of future teachers in the prevention of addictive behavior in children and young people. We considered the content of the training of future teachers for the prevention of addictive behavior based on the study of preventive pedagogy, and analyzed the main approaches to the prevention of addictive behavior in the educational environment. We presented the results of an experimental study and revealed the effectiveness of the training of pedagogical university students for preventive activities with adolescents.

Strength training in children and adolescents: science, effects and recommandations

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
International Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Strengthening Exercises ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Practical Recommendations

During the last years, muscle strengthening exercises have been included as an essential part in youth physical activity guidelines of national and international health organisations. It is well-documented that strength training is effective in improving physical fitness and promoting health and psycho-social well-being. Therefore, the purpose of this review article is to present empirical evidence on the effectiveness of strength training in children and adolescents. Additionally, and with reference to an established youth physical development model, conceptual and methodological aspects of safe and effective strength training in youth will be discussed and specific practical recommendations will be presented.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic Differences in Walking Time of Children and Adolescents to Public Green Spaces in Urban Areas—Results of the German Environmental Survey (2014–2017)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2326
Author(s):  
Julia Rehling ◽  
Christiane Bunge ◽  
Julia Waldhauer ◽  
André Conrad
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Spaces ◽  
Environmental Survey ◽  
Urban Green Spaces ◽  
Public Green Space ◽  
Walking Time

Public green spaces have a high potential for a positive impact on people’s health and wellbeing, especially in urban areas. Studies on environmental justice indicate socially unequal access possibilities to urban green spaces. This article presents results on associations between individual socioeconomic position (SEP) and walking time from home to public green spaces in young people living in urban areas with more than 20,000 inhabitants in Germany. Data were derived from the German Environmental Survey for Children and Adolescents 2014–2017 (GerES V), the environmental module of the German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS Wave 2). The sample comprises 1149 participants aged 3 to 17 years. A total of 51.5% of the participants reach a public green space on foot within five and 72.8% within ten minutes from home. The lower the participant’s SEP, the longer the walking time. Logistic regression models controlling for age group, sex, migration background, and region of residence show that participants with a low SEP have a significantly higher risk (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval: 1.31–2.99) of needing more than ten minutes to walk from home to a public green space than participants with a high SEP. GerES V data indicate that young people living in urban areas in Germany do not equally benefit from the health-promoting potential of green spaces, which is an important aspect of environmental health inequalities.

scholarly journals Temporal trends in annual incidence rates for psychiatric disorders and self-harm among children and adolescents in the UK, 2003–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukasz Cybulski ◽  
Darren M. Ashcroft ◽  
Matthew J. Carr ◽  
Shruti Garg ◽  
Carolyn A. Chew-Graham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Young People ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Annual Incidence ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Uk

Abstract Background There has been growing concern in the UK over recent years that a perceived mental health crisis is affecting children and adolescents, although published epidemiological evidence is limited. Methods Two population-based UK primary care cohorts were delineated in the Aurum and GOLD datasets of the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). We included data from 9,133,246 individuals aged 1–20 who contributed 117,682,651 person-years of observation time. Sex- and age-stratified annual incidence rates were estimated for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age groups: 1–5, 6–9, 10–12, 13–16, 17–19), depression, anxiety disorders (6–9, 10–12, 13–16, 17–19), eating disorders and self-harm (10–12, 13–16, 17–19) during 2003–2018. We fitted negative binomial regressions to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) to examine change in incidence between the first (2003) and final year (2018) year of observation and to examine sex-specific incidence. Results The results indicated that the overall incidence has increased substantially in both boys and girls in between 2003 and 2018 for anxiety disorders (IRR 3.51 95% CI 3.18–3.89), depression (2.37; 2.03–2.77), ASD (2.36; 1.72–3.26), ADHD (2.3; 1.73–3.25), and self-harm (2.25; 1.82–2.79). The incidence for eating disorders also increased (IRR 1.3 95% CI 1.06–1.61), but less sharply. The incidence of anxiety disorders, depression, self-harm and eating disorders was in absolute terms higher in girls, whereas the opposite was true for the incidence of ADHD and ASD, which were higher among boys. The largest relative increases in incidence were observed for neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly among girls diagnosed with ADHD or ASD. However, in absolute terms, the incidence was much higher for depression and anxiety disorders. Conclusion The number of young people seeking help for psychological distress appears to have increased in recent years. Changes to diagnostic criteria, reduced stigma, and increased awareness may partly explain our results, but we cannot rule out true increases in incidence occurring in the population. Whatever the explanation, the marked rise in demand for healthcare services means that it may be more challenging for affected young people to promptly access the care and support that they need.

scholarly journals On the bright side: Young people’s most positive memories of family foster care

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910452097869
Author(s):  
Anne Steenbakkers ◽  
Steffie van der Steen ◽  
Hans Grietens
Keyword(s):  
Foster Care ◽  
Young People ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Normal Family ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Family Foster Care ◽  
Continuous Support ◽  
Positive Memories ◽  
Negative Memories

This study explored what contributes to successful family foster care from the perspective of young people by asking them about their most positive memory of family foster care. Forty-four Dutch adolescents and young adults (aged 16–28) participated in this study and shared their most positive memory in a short interview. Their answers were qualitatively analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis, supplemented with an analysis of the structure of their memories. The thematic analysis resulted in the themes Belongingness, Receiving support, Normal family life, It is better than before, and Seeing yourself grow. The structural analysis showed that young people both shared memories related to specific events, as well as memories that portrayed how they felt for a prolonged period of time. In addition, young people were inclined to share negative memories alongside the positive memories. These results highlight that, in order to build a sense of belonging, it is important that of foster parents create a normal family environment for foster children and provide continuous support. Moreover, the negative memories shared by participants are discussed in light of a bias resulting from earlier traumatic experiences.

Intellectual potential of the youth: coceptualization of meaning and methodological bases of research

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
Zh.S. Safronova ◽  
◽  
D.S. Brazevich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
Reproductive Inhibition ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Intellectual Potential ◽  
Uncertainty Information

Analyzed are scientific researches, the authors of which substantiate the concept of intellectual potential and determine methodological foundations for the diagnosis and development of the intellectual potential of youth. The authors of the article considered the concept of “intellectual potential” from the standpoint of various methodological approaches, showing advantages of young people in formation of intellectual potential: speed of mastering new competencies, high creativity, low reproductive inhibition during the development of activities. Problems of development of intellectual potential of Russian young people are revealed. The components of intellectual potential are highlighted, among which a special place is for motivation for mastering knowledge, abilities, skills, willingness to take risks and uncertainty, information culture, etc. It is proposed to determine intellectual potential of young people, based on levels of development of its components. Requirements for educational environment for development of intellectual potential of modern youth are described as well. The conclusion is made, that intellectual potential of modern youth must be formed in a specific educational environment with specific conditions.

Compulsion to Repeat

2017 ◽  
pp. 9-35
Author(s):  
Mavis Reimer ◽  
Deanna England ◽  
Melanie Dennis Unrau ◽  
Nyala Ali
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Series Fiction ◽  
Compulsion To Repeat

Beginning of the article: There is a curious gap in the scholarship on texts for young people: while series fiction has been an important stream of publishing for children and adolescents at least since the last decades of the nineteenth century, the scholarship on these texts has not been central to the development of theories on and criticism of texts for young people. The focus of scholarship is much more likely to be on stand-alone, high-quality texts of literary fiction.

scholarly journals PLAYING ON UNCLE SAM'S TEAM: AMERICAN CHILDHOODS DURING WORLD WAR I

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mischa Honeck
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Young People ◽  
World War I ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Childhood And Youth ◽  
Constructions Of Childhood

If World War I has interested historians of the United States considerably less than other major wars, it is also true that children rank among the most neglected actors in the literature that exists on the topic. This essay challenges this limited understanding of the roles children and adolescents played in this transformative period by highlighting their importance in three different realms. It shows how childhood emerged as a contested resource in prewar debates over militarist versus pacifist education; examines the affective power of images of children—American as well as foreign—in U.S. wartime propaganda; and maps various social arenas in which the young engaged with the war on their own account. While constructions of childhood and youth as universally valid physical and developmental categories gained greater currency in the early twentieth century, investigations of young people in wartime reveal how much the realities of childhood and youth differed according to gender, class, race, region, and age.

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