scholarly journals From Point of View to Mindgame Films – Between Subjective Techniques and Strategies

Panoptikum ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 104-127
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Jakubowska
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
The Way

The starting point for this paper is the statement that subjectivisation (subjective narrative) – is one of the key elements in a film medium. However, when its definition is narrowed down, it neither reflects the character of changes in the scope of the opposition between objective-subjective nor its resonance with the notions of individuality, personality or the community. I focus on a historical expansion of subjectivisation techniques, but there is much more. I would like to answer the question about the way in which these techniques fit into the differences between paradigms and modes of cinema. Firstly, I  consider subjectivisation techniques in Pre-Classical Cinema, PreModernist Cinema and Classical Cinema. Secondly, I reveal how subjectivisation techniques develop into strategies and how certain figures are given less or more importance within narratives. In this context I research subjectivisation in Modernist Cinema. Thirdly, I  draw attention to the relationship between subjectivisation techniques and strategies in contemporary Post-Classical Cinema (the cinema of attractions, interactive techniques). My final suggestion is that mind-game films (representing Postmodernist Cinema) are the domain of a subjectivisation strategy. I have no doubt that the conflict between faith in the objective and faith in the subjective present in cinema leads to the ultimate victory of subjectivity, while what is objective becomes inaccessible. Mind-game films offer us an exercise in “productive pathologies”, they teach us non-linear thinking, by means of leaps, associations, and all while being distracted. They teach us to switch between schizophrenic regions where nothing is the way it appears to be.

A Study of “Yao Lue” 要略, “A Sumary of the Essentials”: TheHuainanzi淮南子 from the Point of View of the Postface

Early China ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 45-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judson B. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Comprehensive Account ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Heaven And Earth ◽  
The Way

TheHuainanziis a Former Han 前漢 dynasty (202 B.C.E.–9 C.E.) compendium of knowledge written at the court of Huainan and presented to Emperor Wu of the Han 漢武帝 in 139 by Liu An 劉安 (?179–122), the king of Huainan. Liu An was the grandson of the Han “progenitor” Gaozu 高祖 (Liu Bang 劉邦 r. 202–195), and he was the uncle of the reigning emperor Wu (r. 140–87). According to the author(s) of the text’s postface, “Yao lue” 要略 or “A Summary of the Essentials,” the work seeks to provide a comprehensive account or chronicle of thedao道 (conventionally translated as the “Way”), understood broadly to encompass the cosmos (tiandi天地 or “Heaven and Earth”), human beings (ren人) and their affairs (shi事), and the relationship between them. The account of thedaopresented in its chapters is not, however, purely descriptive. TheHuainanziis foremost a political treatise containing instructions worthy of a sage-king (shengwang聖王) to be employed by the ruler as the proper model or standard by which to govern the empire.

scholarly journals La vinculación entre geopolítica y seguridad: algunas apreciaciones conceptuales y teóricas/ The link between geopolitics and security: a conceptual and theoretical assessment

2017 ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Lester Martin Cabrera Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Holistic Understanding ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Assessment ◽  
The Way

El presente artículo establece una discusión teórica sobre la vinculación que existe entre la geopolítica y la seguridad. En este sentido, la discusión se aprecia desde un punto de vista en torno a la evolución que ha tenido la relación entre geopolítica y seguridad, particularmente sobre la forma en que se comprenden tanto los procesos conflictivos y los actores que se ven involucrados. Así, se establece la vinculación desde comienzos del siglo XX hasta la actualidad, donde se percibe la necesidad de comprender tanto a la geopolítica como a la seguridad desde otros puntos de vista en los que incluso sus elementos básicos se ven cuestionados. Se concluye que se requiere una comprensión holística de ambas perspectivas para entender y explicar los nuevos fenómenos conflictivos, sin descartar la totalidad de los postulados clásicos. ABSTRACTThe present article seeks to establish a theoretical discussion about the link between geopolitics and security. In this sense, the discussion is seen from a point of view on the evolution of the relationship between geopolitics and security, particularly on the way in which both conflicting processes and the actors involved are understood. Thus, it is established the linkage from the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, where it is perceived the need to understand both geopolitics and security from other points of view, in which even its basic elements are questioned. It concludes that a holistic understanding of both perspectives is required to understand and explain the new conflicting phenomena, without ruling out the totality of the classical postulates.

scholarly journals The Place of the Saint Ladislaus’ Monarchy in the Medieval Europe according to the Western Chroniclers at the time of the First Crusade

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 77-84
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Dźwigała
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
First Crusade ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Relationship

The present article examines the First Crusade’s passage through the Kingdom of Hungary. Basing on the two main narrative sources: the Historia Ierosolimitana of Albert of Aachen and the chronicle of the William of Tyre the author comments on the relationship between the king of Hungary, Coloman the Learned, and Western European crusaders, which is the starting point to discuss a wider problem of opinion on newly christianizeed Hungary from the post-Carolingian Europe’s point of view. As it has been shown, the Kingdom of Hungary at the time of the First Crusade was perceived as a member of Latin Christendom. Furthermore there is no evidence in contemporary Latin narrative sources for the chroniclers’ negative approach towards Hunagarian Monarchy. 

scholarly journals Máquinas de la memoria: Emblemática y Semiótica

2021 ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
María del Carmen Fernández Galán Montemayor
Keyword(s):  
Generative Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Interdependence ◽  
Word And Image ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Artificial Memory ◽  
Verbal Representations ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT: The relationship between word and image has been researched from different theoretical perspectives. The emblem, as a hybrid textual type, has been approached from the perspectives of iconography and epigraphy in the analysis of the variety of genres derived from the triplex model, like the heavily codified languages of mute emblems and baroque hieroglyphs. The rhetorical procedures and traditions involved in the production and reception of these symbolic machines utilize the exemplum and the allegory, going through the progymnasmata, as the main strategies in the connection of iconic and verbal representations. The purpose of this work is to describe the emblem from a semiotic point of view and explore the relationship between emblematics and the theatres of artificial memory as categories that allow the explanation of the complex interdependence between the visual and the verbal in its mnemotechnical function, where the effectiveness of the repertoire of symbol is built in museums of the imaginary. This takes the visual grammars of semiotics as well as the anthropology of writing as a starting point to propose a generative model of reading.   KEYWORDS: Emblematics; Semiotics; Symbolism; Hieroglyph; Memory.   RESUMEN: La relación entre palabra e imagen ha sido estudiada desde distintas perspectivas teóricas. En el caso del emblema, como tipo textual híbrido, se ha abordado desde la iconografía y la epigrafía en el análisis de la variedad de géneros derivados del modelo triplex, como los lenguajes altamente codificados de los emblemas mudos y los jeroglíficos barrocos. Los procedimientos retóricos y tradiciones implicados en la producción y recepción de estas máquinas simbólicas tienen como principales estrategias el exemplum y la alegoría pasando por los progymnásmata, en la conexión de representaciones icónicas y verbales. El propósito de este trabajo es caracterizar el emblema desde el punto de vista semiótico y explorar la relación entre la emblemática y los teatros de la memoria artificial como categorías que permiten explicar la compleja interdependencia de lo visual y lo verbal en su función mnemotécnica donde la eficacia de los repertorios de símbolos se erige en museos del imaginario. Lo anterior a partir de las gramáticas visuales de la semiótica y de la antropología de la escritura para proponer un modelo generativo de lectura.   PALABRAS CLAVES: emblemática; semiótica; jeroglífico; memoria.

scholarly journals Philosophy of Virtues. The Way to Wisdom in Aristotle and Primo Levi

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-159
Author(s):  
Patrizia Piredda
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Primo Levi ◽  
Aristotle's Ethics ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

In this article, I aim to investigate the relationship between Aristotle’s ethics and Levi’s idea of ethics based on practical virtues. Understanding the former, in fact, permits us to better comprehend the philosophical undergrowth of the latter. And above all, it permits us to better understand how Levi, who constantly dealt with the ethical and aesthetic difficulty of narrating experience from an empiric and anti-idealistic point of view, used philosophy of virtues and wisdom as hermeneutic keys to understanding life.

scholarly journals DYNAMICS OF DIGITAL MARKETS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Mette Thorhauge ◽  
Jingyan Elaine Yuan ◽  
Jacob Ørmen ◽  
Andreas Gregersen ◽  
Patrick Vonderau
Keyword(s):  
Economic Sociology ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Open Market ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Global Stock Markets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The focus of this panel is the material, organizational, and cultural conditions of digital markets. While the notion of economy refers to the more general production, distribution and allocation in society, the idea of markets represents specific contexts of economic exchange typical of capitalist economies (Carruthers & Babb, 2013). A more elaborate understanding of digital markets and their relationships with digital platforms can expand our understanding of the economic implications that specific types of platform architectures have at the level of economic interaction. The discussion takes as a starting point perspectives from economic sociology that emphasize how markets are embedded into broader social and societal structures (Granovetter, 2017) and conditioned upon cultural norms and conventions (Beckert, 2009). In addition, the panel is informed by the way economic sociology and STS have approached the material conditions of markets (Garcia-Parpet, 2007; MacKenzie, 2018) and the way these conditions frame and transform power relations and interaction patterns on specific markets. The panel consists of four papers that approach this issue from a range of perspectives: The relationship between platform architectures, open market strategies and the formation of ‘commodity money’ in the case of Steam, the relationship between platforms, markets, and state regulation in the case of Alibaba, the role of narratives, imagined futures, and collective action that frame patterns of buying and selling in global stock markets in the case of Gamestop shares and, finally, how the online engagement industry is organized in practice in the case of “click farms”.

scholarly journals Plurality of Points of Views and knowing of a Plural Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol Épistémologies du pluriel (Articles) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Compagnone
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Interactional Features ◽  
The Way

International audience El objetivo de éste artículo es dar cuenta de la manera por la cual las concepciones plurales de la realidad son inherentes al proceso de conocimiento. Asimismo, el artículo apunta a mostrar de qué manera los distintos puntos de vista de los actores sobre ésta realidad son social y materialmente situados. Apoyándose en el enfoque de J.-P. Darré , el neo-pragmatismo de H. Putnam, así como en los aportes de lingüistas y psicólogos, el presente trabajo ilumina la manera en la cual la relación entre realidad y conocimiento puede establecerse. El artículo destaca que la verdad depende de la adecuación del conocimiento a la realidad y pone en relieve las propiedades interactivas de las cosas. Finalmente, permite revelar la naturaleza social de las concepciones y discute, a partir de la noción de punto de vista de A. Schütz, la caracterización social de estos puntos de vista. The purpose of this article is to report the way in which the plural understandings of reality are inherent to the process of knowledge production. It alsoaims to show what it means that actors’ point of view are socially and materially situated. Relying on J.-P. Darré’s approach, Putnam’s pragmatism, as well as on linguists’ and psychologists’ works, it highlights how the relationship between reality and knowledge may be understood. It underlines that truth depends on the adequacy of knowledge to reality and emphasizes the interactional features of things. Then, it focuses on the social nature of understanding and discusses the social characterization of points of view, drawing on A. Schütz’s works. Le but de cet article est de rendre compte de la façon dont desconceptions plurielles de la réalité sont inhérentes au processus de connaissance.Il vise aussi à montrer comment on peut entendre que les points de vue des acteurs sur cette réalité sont socialement et objectivement situés. S’appuyant sur l’approche de J.-P. Darré, sur le néopragmatisme de H. Putnam, ainsi que sur les travaux de linguistes et de psychologues, il éclaircit la façon dont on peut entendre le rapport qui peut être établi entre réalité et connaissance. Il souligne que la vérité dépend de l’adéquation de la connaissance à la réalité et met en valeur les propriétés interactionnelles des choses. Il fait ensuite apparaître la nature sociale des conceptions et discute, à partir de la notion de point de vue de A. Schütz, de la caractérisation sociale de ces points de vue.

Laziness and Labor: Variations on a Malevich Theme

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-272
Keyword(s):  
Science And Technology ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
John Maynard Keynes ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Right To Work ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

What idleness, leisure, and free time have in common is that they are the opposite of labor; all three are linked with the cessation or interruption of labor. The article takes Kazimir Malevich’s provocative essay Laziness as the Truth of Mankind (1921) as the starting point for an examination of the complex and fraught issue of the balance between idleness and labor. Malevich redefines idleness as grace, as the point of labor and its peer, and as something that is not only a release from hard labor but that also leads to peace and God. The author proposes a reading of Malevich’s apologetics of idleness in juxtaposition with Marx’s early focus on the issues of human freedom and on alleviating alienation in a newly arranged society, and with Paul Lafargue’s argument that workers would do better to fight for the right to be idle than for the right to work. The comparison with Marx and Lafargue reveals a fundamental flaw in their socialist program of heroic labor, which preserved the exploitation of labor but had the state rather than the capitalists appropriate it. Malevich’s argument comes close to certain insights of John Maynard Keynes in which he envisaged science and technology resolving economic problems by enabling humanity to enter an age of idleness and plenty. Giorgio Agamben’s philosophical deliberations round out the contemporary understanding of the relationship between labor and idleness. From this point of view, laziness and idleness become essential elements of meaningful labor. The option to remain idle, to reject work, to prolong it or to delay its completion are becoming the sine qua non of creative labor worthy of a free person.

Phonological events

1990 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Bird ◽  
Ewan Klein
Keyword(s):  
Linear Fashion ◽  
Logical Inconsistency ◽  
Autosegmental Phonology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Temporal Overlap ◽  
Phonological Units

One of the major innovations within post-SPE generative phonology has been the development of frameworks where phonological units are organized in a non-linear fashion. Taking autosegmental phonology (Goldsmith, 1976) as our main exemplar of such frameworks, we wish to address the following question: What is the appropriate interpretation of autosegmental representations? There is, of course, a further question about what we mean by INTERPRETATION: formal, phonetic or computational interpretation? Although we will concentrate on the first of these, we believe that all three aspects should be regarded as closely inter-connected and mutually constraining. The question of interpreting autosegmental representation has in fact been recently posed by Sagey (1988), and we shall take her proposal as our starting point. While it is uncontroversial to suppose that the relationship between units on a given autosegmental tier is one of temporal precedence, Sagey claims that it is more problematic to pin down what is meant by association between tiers. She argues, cogently we believe, that if association is taken to be a relationship of simultaneity between durationless units, then standard analyses of complex segments and gemination lead to logical inconsistency. Instead, association should be taken as temporal OVERLAP between units with duration.

Modelling Fundamental Legal Change: The Paradox of Context and the Context of Paradox

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Fabien Gélinas
Keyword(s):  
Legal Reasoning ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Legal Change ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Reference

The author takes the paradox of omnipotence faced by lawyers in the context of constitutional change as a starting point to explore the relationship between formal law, logic, and the “pragmatics” that inform legal reasoning. Self-reference in constitutions appears problematic because it has no representation in basic, first-order logic. But self-reference in the context of legal change effectively represents a time dimension that is essential to the practice of law. The dissolution of the paradox is then used to illuminate the relationship between formal law and the context in which it is embedded. The author concludes with a nuanced understanding of law as a semi-open system in which judges play the key role of translating fundamental constitutional change into the law’s “internal” point of view.

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