scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND AUTOMATION AND ROBOTISATION OF PROCESSES AS FACTORS INFLUENCING STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1 (32)) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Sylpaczuk ◽  
Michał Żynda
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Relationship

Objective Determining impact which Artificial Intelligence, Robotization and Automation have and will continue to have on the labour market in the processing industry.   Method Literature review, statistical data and data from industry reports. Deduction and comparative analysis.  Results In the course of the work, a review of the literature on the subject was carried out and the issue of artificial intelligence, as well as robotization and automation of production was defined, and in addition, it has been demonstrated how important factor of production is labour. It presents examples of the use of artificial intelligence in the modern economy and presents the probability of replacing human work by artificial intelligence systems. Data from research reports and statistical analyses were used in the context of labour market analysis in industries and economies with the highest degree of automation and robotization. Conclusions were presented, which implement the set objective and are the basis for conducting research in the areas indicated by the authors.   In the course of work, we defined what the labour is, its productivity and measurement methods. Data from research reports were presented, showing the probability of changes in the labour market in relation to specific occupations, due to the use of artificial intelligence. The relationship between artificial intelligence and process automation and robotization is described. The above-mentioned studies allowed the authors to demonstrate some important relations between the described factors.  Keywords: labour productivity, artificial intelligence, robotization and automation  JEL Classification: J01, O12, O30 

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Colin Burrow
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Rhetorical Tradition ◽  
Learning Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Rhetorical Structures ◽  
The Relationship

The introduction sets out the argument of the book. It suggests that the imitation of authors (imitatio) is not primarily a matter of verbal appropriation but of learning practices from earlier texts. That process is intrinsically hard to describe, and as a result discussions of the topic in the rhetorical tradition relied on a rich store of metaphors. These were themselves to become part of the practice of imitation. The introduction describes the various kinds of imitatio which developed from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries: ‘adaptive’ imitation, in which an earlier text is made ‘apt’ to new times, and ‘formal imitation’, in which an author imitates not the exact words, but the favoured rhetorical structures of an earlier writer. It explains how the word ‘model’ came to be used of an imitated text, and explores the relationship between imitation, plagiarism, and ideas about intellectual property. It explains how regarding an ‘author’ as a potentially open-ended series of texts distinguished by their style and form connects early modern theories of imitation with contemporary interests in artificial intelligence. It briefly suggests some implications of the subject for writing outside Europe, and explains how this book departs from earlier studies of the topic in its scope and argument.

Structural Change and Economic Growth across Major States of India

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-182
Author(s):  
Monica Thind ◽  
Lakhwinder Singh
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Structural Change ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Labour Productivity Growth ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The Relationship

The structural change in an economy is an important feature of the economic development process. Structural change becomes a potential source of growth in an economy as it induces reallocation of labour from low-productivity to high-productivity sectors, thus leading to fuller and better utilization of overall resources. This article studies the relationship between structural change and growth in 15 major states of India over the 30-year period from 1983–1984 to 2014–2015. The study aims at discovering whether structural changes have contributed to economic growth of these states or otherwise. This is achieved by decomposing the overall labour productivity growth of states into contribution by structural change and within sector change. The results show that in all the states under study structural changes have contributed positively to growth; however, contribution of within sector changes is found to be much more than structural change in all states except Maharashtra.

scholarly journals Gambling Tourism and Economic Development: Some Lessons from Macao

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore Metaxas ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Text Production ◽  
Alternative Tourism ◽  
Tourist Flows ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to explore and document the relationship between forms of alternative tourism and economic development. More specifically, the subject of this investigation will be whether a small national economy is able to rely wholly or largely on tourist flows as a source of income and even to invest in a single type of tourism. Alternative forms of tourism, gaming tourism as well as the features of territorially limited countries and how they are linked to the case of Macao will also be objects of study and annotation. With the process of text production through scientific articles, statistical data, and reliable databases, this article attempts to satisfy the investigated relationship as well as the stemming questions.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Correlations Between Public Capital Investments and Economic Development in Romania

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Sava ◽  
Bogdan Zugravu
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Public Capital ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

This article aims to address the correlations between public capital investments and economic development in Romania. Firstly, it presents a brief literature review on the subject proposed for analysis, under which it can be assumed that public capital investments have a positive impact on production, employment, private sector and thus contribute to economic development. Also, we found some heterogeneity of results across country, regions and sectors. Secondly, it analysis the evolution of public capital investments and gross domestic product during 2006-2009 and also tests the relationship between this two variables, using a correlation coefficient, based on data from the general consolidated budget provided by The Ministry of Public Finance and also statistical data on GDP from National Institute of Statistics.

Übergangsprozesse aus Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderungen auf den allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 731-747
Author(s):  
Klara Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
People With Disabilities ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Expert Interviews ◽  
Sheltered Workshops ◽  
Communication Structures ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Menschen Mit Behinderungen

Zusammenfassung Werkstätten für Menschen mit Behinderungen (WfbM) sind im Zuge der Reformen durch die UN-Behindertenrechtskonvention (UN-BRK) und das Bundesteilhabegesetz (BTHG) zunehmend dazu aufgefordert, den Übergang ihrer Beschäftigten in Arbeitsverhältnisse auf dem allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt zu fördern. Viele Werkstätten in Deutschland kooperieren bei dieser Aufgabe mit ­Integrationsfachdiensten (IFD). Dieser Artikel stellt die Ergebnisse einer qualitativen Studie zur Zusammenarbeit zwischen WfbM und IFD bei der Übergangsgestaltung dar. Durch Expert*inneninterviews mit Mitarbeitenden aus beiden Einrichtungen konnten der prototypische Übergangsprozess dargestellt und Einflussfaktoren herausgearbeitet werden. Dabei wurde ein Zusammenwirken von Faktoren aus drei Einflussbereichen identifiziert: Zum einen wirken sich Aspekte der Organisationsstruktur, wie beispielsweise Zielkonflikte und Kommunikationsstrukturen auf die Übergangsgestaltung aus. Zweitens haben die Interaktionen zwischen den verschiedenen Beteiligten und die Beziehungsgestaltung zu den Beschäftigten einen Einfluss. Drittens konnten Einflussfaktoren in der Organisationsumwelt identifiziert werden, beispielsweise sozialpolitische und gesetzgeberische Förderbedingungen und die Einstellungsbereitschaft von Arbeitgebern. Abstract: Transitions from Sheltered Workshops to the Open Labour Market Since the reforms of the UN-CRPD and the ‘Bundesteilhabegesetz’ demand the establishment of an inclusive labour market, sheltered workshops for people with disabilities in Germany are increasingly confronted with the request to actively support their employees’ transitions to the open labour market. To fulfill this requirement, many sheltered workshops cooperate with integrational services, which are specialized in creating regular employment for people with disabilities. This article presents the findings of a qualitative study on the subject of cooperation between sheltered workshops and integrational services in order to promote their employees’ transitions to the open labour market. Through expert interviews with professionals of both institutions, the prototypical transition process was reconstructed. Additionally, three interacting areas of influence were identified: Firstly, aspects of the organizational structure influence transition processes, e. g. conflicting aims or communication structures. Secondly, interactions between the involved persons and the relationship between clients and professionals have an impact. Environmental factors, like sociopolitical and legislative conditions and the willingness of employers to employ former workshop employees could be identified as a third influencing area.

Making ends meet: Young people, work and the criminal economy

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob White
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Young People ◽  
Working Class ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Young Men ◽  
The Relationship

This paper attempts to locate changes in young people's involvement in crime, and the policing of young people, within the context of a changing political economy and the broken transitions experienced by a significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by significant proportion of young men and young women. It begins by discussing how many young working class people have been excluded from the formal waged economy due to structural changes in the labour market. The paper then explores the relationship between the “cash crisis” affecting many unemployed school leavers, and their income and lifestyle options in the spheres of the informal waged economy, the informal unwaged economy, and the criminal economy

scholarly journals Economic Growth and Labour Market Dynamics in Nigeria: Further Evidence from ARDL Bound Testing

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Mukhtar Shuaibu ◽  
Shafiu Ibrahim Abdullahi ◽  
Muhammad Muazu Yusuf ◽  
Mustapha Yusufu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Market Dynamics ◽  
Jobless Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Recently the phenomenon of jobless growth has become common, defying the famous Okun law which predicted increase in job with increase in economic growth. Many factors have been advanced as explanations for this, most prominent of which are changes in the labour market and lopsidedness in economic growth. This paper is an attempt to measure labour market dynamics in Nigeria focusing on the relationship between economic growth and unemployment. The paper used data from 1991 to 2020 and employed GMM and ARDL models to analyze the data. Unlike the Okun law which prophesies negative relationship between unemployment and economic growth, the result from this analysis show that there is positive relationship between unemployment and economic growth, confirming the existence of the phenomenon of jobless growth in Nigeria. The paper recommended structural changes in the economy and the labour market.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence and Children's Education: Review Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AlJohara Bint Fahad AalSaud
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Current Period ◽  
Current Review ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Review Study ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Educational Field ◽  
Education Review

Literature review is an important part within the content of any scientific study. It fulfills many purposes and objectives, including that it gives the researcher ideas about the most important variables that the previous studies have proven their importance or lack of importance in a specific field or ideological and cognitive direction. This study came with the aim of compiling the latest Arab and foreign theoretical studies, highlighting the process that researched the subject of artificial intelligence AI and the education of children, classifying, analyzing and commenting on their results in order to help students and researchers in the educational field to use it as a tool in their research. The current review study will help the researcher to see previous studies and to identify points of similarities and differences between the results of these studies, as well as giving an impression about the relationship between the studied variables, providing the researcher with information about the science that has been accomplished and which can be conducted and applied, and the necessary research topics. Further research and study are recommended in it to enrich the topics of artificial intelligence AI and the education of children, especially during the current period of transition to blended learning and online educational systems.

scholarly journals OCT STUDIES IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: CURRENT EVIDENCE AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 769-777
Author(s):  
Ushna Usman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Comprehensive Search ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Background: Schizophrenia is a detrimental neurodevelopmental disorder that affects nearly 1 % of the population worldwide. Although schizophrenia ranks among the leading causes of global disease-related disability, definitive investigations do not exist for its diagnosis at present. Since the retina is derived from the same neural layer that the brain develops from, OCT imaging of retina can provide valuable information regarding underlying pathology of schizophrenia. Objectives: This review aims at describing the potential relevance of OCT studies 1) in understanding current insights into retinal structural changes in schizophrenia 2) in understanding the relationship between retinal structural alterations and disease progression and chronicity 3) and to determine the potential role of retinal changes as biomarkers of schizophrenia. Methodology: A comprehensive search of databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar and Medline was conducted using the keywords: schizophrenia, retina, OCT and RNFL changes. Relevant articles were identified and their key findings summarized in this review. Conclusion: OCT studies in schizophrenia patients conducted in recent years continue to provide evidence of retinal structural alterations associated with schizophrenia. However, the findings of these studies vary and there is a need to conduct further studies for clarification regarding the subject. The application of OCT and other neuroimaging techniques to correlate retinal structural alterations with schizophrenia may potentially help establish the role of retinal variables as biomarkers for the disease, and may open a gateway for better diagnostic investigations in schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence as a subject of property law

2020 ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Yelizaveta Tymoshenko
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Process Automation ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article considers artificial intelligence (AI) as a new and existing subject of legal relations. It is described in detail about hisability to be a full participant in the relationship of intellectual property rights. Artificial intelligence allows computers to learn fromtheir own experience, adapt to given parameters and perform tasks that previously could only be done by humans. In most cases, theuse of artificial intelligence, whether for playing chess or as an unmanned vehicle, is extremely important to be able to learn and processnatural language. That is, the development and awareness of AI is needed. Thanks to information technology, computers can be “taught”to perform certain tasks by processing large amounts of data and identifying patterns in them.Artificial intelligence is not in itself identical to the concept of “process automation”, but the development of AI will lead to thefact that more and more tasks will be under the power of a computer program. Therefore, it is important to start adapting the legislationto future realities now. It is necessary to define the range of rights and responsibilities of AI, to indicate its legal status. Accordingly, itis necessary to determine who will be the legal bearer of all rights and responsibilities that will arise as a result of the creation of a particularcreative object. In the field of intellectual property law, AI is seen as a new source of creativity, a source capable of producingnew results.The article offers consideration of these issues in the field of intellectual property, as for several years there are examples of worksinvented by artificial intelligence. For a long time, programs were just a tool to help the author create a work. However, with the deve -lopment of machine learning and neural networks, artificial intelligence has learned to create a variety of objects: images, videos, music,design. Since the result obtained by artificial intelligence can be potentially protective, the article discusses the question of who shouldrecognize the rights to objects created by AI.

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