scholarly journals THE FOLLICLEGENESIS IN THE THYROID GLAND IN THE POSTNATAL PERIOD OF ONTOGENESIS UNDER PRENATAL ANTIGENIC INFLUENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (47) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
O. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Program Complex ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Microsoft Office

    Antigenic influence at critical terms of ontogenesis can cause significant changes in the child's immune system. It is known that the entry of antigens into the fetus causes premature release of T-lymphocytes from the thymus and their migration to various organs. The paper was aimed at the study of the folliclegenesis of the thyroid gland in postnatal period at norm and after prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid.  In the experimental research as a material were thyroid glands of Wistar rats aged 1 to 60 days of postnatal development (162 animals), about 6 animals in each group. Three animals groups were studied on 1, 3, 7, 11, 14, 21, 30, 45, 60 days after bith. I gr. - intact animals (norm); ІІ gr. - control, animals which were injected intrauterine 0.9% NaCl solution; III - experimental animals injected with staphylococcal toxoid liquid purified adsorbed (10-14 units of binding in 1 ml, diluted 10 portions) by operation intrauterinely on the 18th day of dated pregnancy. Histological sections 3-5 μm thick were stained by hematoxylin and eosin, histochemicaly by alcian blue and azan staining.  Immunohistochemical study was performed according to the protocol recommended for a particular antibody of the manufacturer. Used ki-67 (Ki-67), TTF-1 (8G7G3/1), Fox-1 (A-12) monoclonal antibodies by Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. A set of morphometric studies was performed by microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star equipped with the Axiocam digital microphoto attachment with using program complex Zeiss Zen 2011. The results were considered reliable at p≤0,05. For processing of statistical material was used the standard software package Microsoft Office Excel and Statistica 10.0.The results were obtained about morphogenesis of rat’s thyroid after intrauterine antigenic action of staphylococcal toxoid. Morphofunctional homeostasis and stromal-parenchymal proportional relationship to thyroid gland closely associated with the activity of immune cells, including special role of lymphocytes, macrophages, and mast cells. Prenatal influence of staphylococcal toxoid led to the formation of a more pronounced structure of the parenchyma and stroma, but they showed signs of functional immaturity after birth. During the sucking period, the simultaneous presence of intra-, extrafollicular, septal and intramural types of folliculogesis is determined, which is a local reaction to systemic antigenic irritation with activation of compensatory-adaptive reactive folliclegenesis. The revealed changes in the process of folliclegenesis, accompanied by venous plethora, the formation of intraorgan diffuse lymphoid tissue and nodules, desquamation of the follicular epithelium, redistribution of the follicle diameter is a reaction to the systemic antigenic effect on the body during the critical period of prenatal development and normalizes by 45 days.Keywords: morphogenesis, thyroid gland, antigen, staphylococcal toxoid, experiment.

scholarly journals Morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of rats of the early period after the prenatal action of Dexamethasone

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-26
Author(s):  
О. V. Fedosieieva
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Proliferating Cells ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Compensatory Response

Annotation. The aim of the study was to establish the features of the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of rats at an early age of normal postnatal ontogenesis and after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone. The study material was the thyroid gland of rats (54 animals) of the Wistar line at the age of 1 to 14 days of postnatal development, which experimentally operatively, through the membrane, intrauterinely injected a solution of dexamethasone at a dose of 0.05 ml at a dilution of 1:40 on the 18th day of pregnancy; control group – 0.05 ml of 0.9% NaCl. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, azan, immunohistochemically (ki-67). Statistically used Student's parametric t-test, the normality of the distribution was checked using the Shapiro-Wilk test, the reliability is not less than 95%, the reliability at p<0.05. In animals experimentally prenatally exposed to dexamethasone for 1-3 days, the gland was more functionally excited: the number of resorption vacuoles in the colloid, which was dense, increased, but the height of thyrocytes was almost no different from the control. There were more colloid-type follicles with ki-67-positive cells. On the 7th day of postnatal life, the structure of the gland changed in the direction of increasing the manifestations of the process of blocking the excretion of thyroid hormones, but the synthesis and excretion of components into the follicle cavity was preserved. Follicles increased throughout the body. On the 11th day of postnatal life in the thyroid glands of animals prenatally exposed to dexamethasone, the number of microfollicles decreased, and the proportion of proliferating ki-67-positive cells in the follicle wall decreased insignificantly compared to the previous period, but compared to the control of proliferating cells was less than 1.8 times. On 14th day, the thyroid gland of experimental animals was characterized by a mosaic arrangement of large follicles with flattened thyrocytes. Thus, the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland by hypofunctional type after prenatal exposure to dexamethasone in young rats indicates an adaptogenic compensatory response and morpho-functional immaturity of the organ during this period, which may be the basis for provoking the preservation of such morphogenetic factors under the influence of stressors.

EFFECT OF INTERVAL FASTING ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE RAT THYROID GLAND OF DIFFERENT AGE

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-18
Author(s):  
R.V. Yanko ◽  
◽  
M.I. Levashov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

Despite of the well-studied effect of interval fasting on the body, literature data on its infl uence on functional activity and, especially, on morphological changes in the thyroid gland are sporadic. The research results are often contradictory, which may be due to differences in experimental conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological changes in the rat’s thyroid gland of different ages, which were on interval fasting. The experiments were performed on 48 male Wistar rats aged 4 and 16 months. The experimental rats underwent interval fasting (1 day complete fasting / 2 days standard diet). Duration of experiment was 28 days. Thyroid tissue preparations were made according to standard histological methods. The morphometry was performed on digital images using a computer program Image J. It was found that the colloid area, the interior diameter of the follicles and colloid accumulation index were decreased in 4 and 16 month-old rats after interval fasting. The relative connective tissue area was also decreased in 16-month- old rats. But the follicular epithelium height, the follicular-colloidal index and the number of interfollicular islets were increased. The morphological changes of the thyroid gland tissue in 16-month-old experimental rats were manifested to a greater extent than in young animals. Thus, after exposure to interval fasting, morphological signs of activation of the thyroid gland synthetic activity in rats of different ages were observed. Key words: interval fasting, thyroid gland, morphometric indicators.

scholarly journals Anatomical and histological study of thyroid gland in female local donkeys (Eqws africanus asinus) at Basrah city

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
S. A. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
The Body ◽  
Follicular Epithelium ◽  
Endocrine Gland ◽  
Connective Tissue Capsule ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Right Lobe ◽  
Tissue Capsule

Thyroid gland is an endocrine gland that influences many organs of the body and play an important role in the metabolism of animals and another species. Thyroid gland of female donkeys was situated in the interior part of neck inferior to the larynx. It consist of two lobes were connected by isthmus. The mean and SD of length, width, and thickness in right lobe was 25.66±0.41mm, 21.31±0.59mm, 8.51±0.009mm, while in the left lobe it was 23.15±o.16 mm. 19.65±o.22mm, 8.42±0.19mm respectively. Histologically, the thyroid gland surrounded by connective tissue capsule and contained follicles, follicular epithelium, and parafollicular cells. The follicles filled with colloid.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional transformations during the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of the offspring of Wistar rats after intrauterine exposure to dexamethasone

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-161
Author(s):  
O.V. Fedosieieva ◽  
V.S. Bushman ◽  
A.G. Necheporenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Proliferative Activity ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Synthetic Activity ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Cytoplasmic Expression ◽  
Nuclear Expression ◽  
High Level

Background. In recent years, the prevalence of thyroid pathologies of various origins among children in the world has reached a significantly high level. The use of glucocorticoids during pregnancy remains a debatable issue in obstetrics today, as they can both positively and negatively affect the processes of organ morphogenesis and be the cause of pathological conditions in the postnatal period. Objective: to establish the features of morphofunctional transformations during the morphogenesis of the thyroid gland of the offspring of rats at an early age in normal and after intrauterine action of dexamethasone. Methods. 108 thyroid glands of rats of 3 experimental groups were microscopically examined using histological and immunohistochemical methods, followed by statistical processing of the obtained results. Results. Against the background of high levels of total follicular thyrocytes per 1 day of life in animals that received prenatal dexamethasone, cytoplasmic expression of TgAb was expressed, which correlated with the indicators of nuclear and cytoplasmic Fox-1 expression. From the 7th to the 11th day, a decrease in the total number of thyrocytes per unit area was observed due to the accumulation of colloid in the follicles, an increase in Fox-1 cytoplasmic expression and a decrease in nuclear expression, against the background of increased proliferative activity. By day 21, Fox-1 cytoplasmic and nuclear expression were almost identical. There was a decrease in the intensity of TgAb expression in the cytoplasm of thyrocytes and its expression in the colloid, a decrease in the number of Ki-67 positive thyrocytes per conditional unit area compared with the previous observation period. Conclusion. It was found that prenatal exposure of dexamethasone causes the offspring accelerate the development of morphological structures of the thyroid gland, but functionally they are in a state of stress of both the synthesizing apparatus and the process of hormone excretion, which is expressed in the imbalance of immunohistochemical expression of Fox-1 and TgAb. Such thyrocytes with signs of disturbances in synthetic activity desquamate into the lumen of the follicles, while on the 11th day we compensatory increase in the proliferative activity of the thyroid epithelium.

THYROID DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE: THE STATE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE WAYS OF SOLVING

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Volkova ◽  
O. D. Dygun ◽  
B. G. Lukichev ◽  
S. V. Dora ◽  
O. V. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
The Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Low T3 ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Disturbance of the thyroid function is often detected in patients with different profiles. A special feature of patients with chronic kidney  disease is the higher incidence of various thyroid function  disturbances, especially hypothyroidism. It is known that in patients  with chronic kidney disease (CKD) iodine excretion from the body is  violated, since normally 90% of iodine is excreted in urine.  Accumulation of high concentrations of inorganic iodine leads to the  formation of the Wolf-Chaikoff effect: suppression of iodine  organization in the thyroid gland and disruption of the thyroid  hormones synthesis. Peripheral metabolism of thyroid hormones is  also disturbed, namely, deiodinase type I activity is suppressed and  peripheral conversion of T4 into T3 is inhibited (so-called low T3  syndrome). Therefore, patients with CKD are often diagnosed with  hypothyroidism, and the origin of hypothyroidism is not always  associated with the outcome of autoimmune thyroiditis. The article  presents an overview of a large number of population studies of  thyroid gland dysfunction in patients with CKD, as well as  experimental data specifying the pathogenetic mechanisms of  thyroid dysfunction in patients with CKD. Therapeutic tactics are still  not regulated. However, in a number of studies, replacement therapy with thyroid hormones in patients with CKD had some advantages.

Study of the main problems of delivery of orthopedic care in dentistry

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Valentina Sevagina ◽  
Sofiya Botsarova ◽  
Tatiyana Goncharova ◽  
Anastasiya Mikhlyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dental Care ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
The Body ◽  
Special Role ◽  
The Status ◽  
Quality Of Delivery ◽  
Orthopedic Care ◽  
Denture Treatment

The purpose of the article is to conduct a study of the main problems of delivery of orthopedic care in dentistry. It is known that dental health determines the overall health of the body. The comfort of life of the population depends on their condition, since damaged teeth negatively affect the state of the digestive system and respiratory organs. As for the aesthetics of the appearance, here teeth have a special role, since they are able to provide both proper speech and the necessary level of human sociability. Thus, improving the quality of delivery of medical care is an important task for the industry today. The problem of the availability of orthopedic dentists exists only in those areas of the region where there is no orthopedic care encounters at all, or orthopedic care encounters are carried out by part-time doctors. Accordingly, it can be said that municipal dental clinics are generally provided with the necessary personnel. In this regard, one can talk about the need to improve the quality of treatment of dental diseases in polyclinics, primarily in terms of orthopedic care for the population. However, today there are frequent cases of return visits for orthopedic care due to its poor-quality during initial treatment. And the doctor’s task during second denture treatment is to avoid mistakes made earlier and to provide competent and highquality orthopedic services. The author concludes that the results of a study of the work of orthopedic units of the region showed a steady growth of most indicators year by year, but a number of economic problems were found during the analysis of the profitability reserves of orthopedic dental care. So, it is necessary to create a unified system for calculating the financial plan for the correct assessment of the status of orthopedic dental care for the population, to analyze the quality indicators for subsidized denture treatment, to introduce the concept of “prosthesis working lifespan”, which will establish the reasons and justify the terms of the second denture treatment.

scholarly journals Poorly Differentiated Small-Cell-Type Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Prostate: A Case Report and Literature Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore Kumar ◽  
Rafeeq Ahmed ◽  
Chime Chukwunonso ◽  
Hassan Tariq ◽  
Masooma Niazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neuroendocrine Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Platinum Based Chemotherapy ◽  
Poorly Differentiated

Neuroendocrine cells are widespread throughout the body and can give rise of neuroendocrine tumors due to abnormal growth of the chromaffin cells. Neuroendocrine tumors divide into many subtypes based on tumor grade (Ki-67 index and mitotic count) and differentiation. These tumors can be further divided into secretory and nonsecretory types based on the production of peptide hormone by tumor cells. Poorly differentiated small-cell-type neuroendocrine tumors are one of the subtypes of neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors are less common; however, they tend to be locally invasive and aggressive in behavior with poor overall median survival. Treatment of the nonsecretory small-cell type is modeled to small-cell lung cancer with a regimen consisting of platinum-based chemotherapy and etoposide with variable response. Here, we present a case of poorly differentiated small-cell neuroendocrine tumor originating from the prostate.

scholarly journals Studying Impact of Nutrition on Growth (SING): a prospective cohort for comparing the health outcomes of young children with the dietary quality score

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. e018380
Author(s):  
Albert Lee ◽  
Calvin Ka-man Cheung ◽  
Kenneth Lo ◽  
Vera Mei-wan Keung ◽  
Lancelot Wai-ho Mui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Prospective Association

IntroductionThis study aims to explore the prospective association between the dietary quality (DQ) of preschoolers and their health status in Hong Kong, with the body mass index as the main outcome variable.Methods and analysisThis prospective cohort study has recruited 3539 children aged between 2 and 4 years old, with a follow-up period of 4 years. Their diet was reported by their parents by a 3-day food diary, and their body weight and height were measured yearly with standardised instruments. Questionnaires were administered to parents to acquire information of the children’s prenatal development and dietary intake before their age of 2 years and of their baseline lifestyle and family backgrounds. The DQ was measured by the Healthy Eating Index as a continuous scale, while the exposure was defined as having a higher dietary quality score. Data were analysed using SPSS V.24. Linear and logistic regressions were used to examine the association of those predictive factors to the outcomes. Generalised estimating equations will be used to examine the longitudinal changes of the outcomes. A pilot study has been conducted, the preliminary results from which are presented in this cohort profile.Ethics and disseminationThis study has been approved by the Joint Chinese University of Hong Kong and New Territory East Cluster Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CREC Ref No: 2013–632). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The results will be published in due course.

The supine position of postnatal human infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideko Takeshita ◽  
Masako Myowa-Yamakoshi ◽  
Satoshi Hirata
Keyword(s):  
Supine Position ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Developmental Continuity ◽  
Exploratory Movements ◽  
Locomotor Ability ◽  
Development And Evolution

In this review, we discuss the implications of placing an infant in the supine position with respect to human cognitive development and evolution. When human infants are born, they are relatively large and immature in terms of postural and locomotor ability as compared with their closest relatives, the great apes. Hence, human mothers seemingly adopt a novel pattern of caring for their large and heavy infants, i.e., placing their infants in the supine position; this promotes face-to-face communication with their infants. Moreover, infants in the supine position can interact with other nearby individuals in the same manner from an early age. In addition, the infants can also explore their own body parts and/or objects with their hands since the hands are not required to support the body and are therefore, free to move. These activities are considered to be fundamental to the early development of human social and nonsocial cognition, including knowledge of self, in the first six months after birth. Further, developmental continuity in the voluntary exploratory movements in the prenatal period (in utero) to the early postnatal period is also discussed.

scholarly journals Changes in the thyroid gland during the reproductive cycle of the male vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi

1998 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. KRISHNA ◽  
K. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Reproductive Cycle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Dormancy ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Concentration

The aim of present study was to compare the changes in thyroid gland with the reproductive cycle of S. heathi. Thyroid showed marked seasonal variation in weight, quantity of colloid and follicular epithelial height, suggesting the thyroid gland to be inactive during quiescence and winter dormancy and active during the time of recrudescence and breeding similarly to the testicular cycle. Plasma thyroxin (T4) concentration showed a significant seasonal change with high concentration during breeding and post-breeding and low concentration during quiescence. However, the T4 concentration increased from breeding to post-breeding phase, when the testes weight was declining. It is suggested that in S. heathi the positive correlation between thyroid and testicular cycles occurs only during the phases of the reproductive cycle when the body weight and testicular activity are also closely correlated.

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