MILK PRODUCTIVITY OF COWS OF VARIOUS EXTERIOR AND CONSTITUTIONAL TYPES

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
BATANOV S.D. BATANOV S.D. ◽  
◽  
KH.A. AMERKHANOV ◽  
I.A. BARANOVA ◽  
O.S. STAROSTINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Arch Index

Improvement of the genetic potential in terms of cows’ productivity and creation of high milk-yield cattle with good health and long productive lifetime characteristics is impossible without systematic evaluation of such traits as milk-yield, exterior, and constitution type. The aim of our research was to study the trends in exterior traits genetic selection parameters changing, determine the extent of interconnection between cow productivity traits and constitution type among the Black-Motley and Kholmogory cow breeds of the Udmurt Republic. The research based on cow breeding-stocks was carried out in 2018–2020. The sampled population included 449 specimens. The whole cow population to be analyzed was divided in 3 groups by the productivity level: 1 – low (up to 6,000 kg); 2 – moderate (from 6,000 to 8,000 kg); 3 – high (over 8,000 kg). High milk-yield cows were higher – withers height was higher by 1.5% and 1.4% (P < 0.05) – and had more elongated body (by 1.0% and 0.8%) as compared with the 1st and 2nd group specimens. Low milk-yield cows (up to 6,000 kg) had short stature and big-boned constitution type with better-developed skeleton. They had greater values of such parameters as the chest width (by 1.6%), wide hip width (by 7.3%, P < 0.01), width of loin (by 13.2%, P < 0.01), and metacarpus girth (by 3.2%, P < 0.05). Cows with a productivity level over 8,000 kg of milk per 305 days of lactation had relatively high value of the Pelvic arch length (by 2.0% and 2.3%, Р < 0.05) and the depth of loin (by 1.3% and 1.5%) with insignificant difference in rump bone length. The lowest value of the mean exterior index of constitution type (by 3.0%, P < 0.05) was observed in high milkyield cows that is the evidence of the constitution proportionality, namely, optimal relation between the body volume and the height of a cow. Moreover, the Pelvic arch index – the ratio of the Pelvic arch volume to the body length – also testifies to harmonious constitution. High milk-yield cows demonstrated this index to be the lowest (by 3.8%, Р < 0.01) and featured more harmonious constitution.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF FORMING THE EXTERIOR OF FIRSTCALF COWS UKRAINIAN RED-AND-WHITE DAIRY BREED BY INDICATORS OF MEASUREMENTS AND BODY STRUCTURE INDICES

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
L. M. Hmelnychyi ◽  
D. A. Bardash ◽  
O. I. Klуmenko ◽  
L. V. Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Body Structure ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Constitution Type ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
Dairy Breed

The research was conducted to study the exterior of the first-calf cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed in the herd of enterprise LLC "Mlyniv complex" (v. Pohozha Krynytsia, Romny branch of Sumy region) by major measurements and body structure indices. According to the results of researches, the measurements of the traits cows' first-calf in the controlled herd of Mlyniv complex testify to the realization of hereditary possibilities in the development of the body structure of animals of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed in Sumy region. The level of height measurements of first-calf cows showed that animals in this farm  provided with suitable conditions that allow them to realize their genetic development potential in the process of  growing. Average height at withers (132.5 cm) and rump (141.7 cm) exceeds the parameters of the desired type and criteria for selection of first-calf cows of Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, recommended by the prospective breeding program of Sumy region for 2011–2020, respectively on 1.3 and 1.7 cm. The average indices of latitudinal measurements of type traits of first-calf cows of controlled breed: rump width (51.5 cm), hipbone width (49.4 cm) and ischial humps (34.2 cm) well characterize the development of pelvis. The pastern girth characterizes the development of the skeletal frame of animals and the type of constitution. The average measurement of the pastern in the first-calf cows at 19.2 cm indicates about the dairy type of animal and meets the requirements of the desired type. A more detailed understanding of the exterior type of animals in its correlative and harmonious development made it possible to make the body structure indices calculated by the appropriate formulas. About satisfactory overall development of the body structure of cows was evidenced by the index of long legs index, the average level of which 45.8% corresponds to animals of the desired type (45–46%) for this breed, and the stretching index at the level of 121.8% – the conformity of estimated first-calf cows to dairy type (121–123%). The thoracic index complements the pelvic thorax, characterizing chest development. A smaller index was inherent in dairy cattle. The average thorax index indicates on the dairy type of first-calf cows (58–62%) and decreasing in chest width, and an increase in their depth. The chest depth index in the average range of 54.2% approaches to the desired level (55–56%) and indicates about optimal ratio of chest depth to the height at withers for dairy cattle. Given that the parameters of measurements of the exterior traits characterizing the desired dairy type of animals, with corresponding level of their correlative development, expressed by body structure indices, meet to the harmonious development of the first-calf cow model of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed [8], comparing the obtained actual numerical values of overgrowth (107.1%), narrow quarters (156.6%), boniness (14.4%), massiveness (146.0%), broad chest (31.8%) and pelvic (95.9) %) with target values of 107.0; 151.0; 14.0; 142.0; 33.0 and 96.0%, we can conclude that the estimated first-calf cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed correspond to animals of the desired type except  massiveness index, by most indices. In general, the animals of the experimental herd differ in a strong constitution type with deep chests, well-developed dense muscles, sufficiently elastic skin, firm and thin skeleton frame that determine the dairy type, good health and endurance, which very important when using cows in modern technological conditions. According to results of the research was found that by measurements of the first-calf cows of the Ukrainian Red-and-White dairy breed, they have excellent development of the body structure, and the level of indices indicate the positive dynamics of the exterior formation of animals towards the dairy type at the present stage of their selection.

Glucose Calibration Modeling in Blood with Spline Regression Approaching to Non-Invasive Tools

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Ria Hayatun Nur ◽  
Indahwati A ◽  
Erfiani A
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Cubic Spline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spline Regression ◽  
Linear Quadratic ◽  
Important Thing ◽  
Non Invasive

In this globalization era, health is the most important thing to be able to run various activities. Without good health, this will hinder many activities. Diabetes mellitus is one of the diseases caused by unhealty lifestyle.There are many treatments that can be done to prevent the occurrence of diabetes. The treatments are giving the insulin and also checking the glucose rate to the patients.Checking the glucose rate needs the tools which is safety to the body. This research want to develop non invasive tool which is safety and do not injure the patient. The purpose of this research is also finding the best model which derived from Linear, Quadratic, and Cubic Spline Regression. Some respondents were taking to get the glucose measuring by invasive and non invasive tools. It could be seen clearly that Spline Linear Regression was the best model than Quadratic and Cubic Spline Regression. It had 70% and 33.939 for R2 and RMSEP respectively.

scholarly journals Design of Free Stalls for Dairy Herds: A Review

Ruminants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Frank van Eerdenburg ◽  
Lars Ruud
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Design ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
High Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Productive Life ◽  
To Come ◽  
Available Information

Lying is an important behavior of dairy cattle. Cows should spend more than 50% of a day lying as it has a high impact on their milk yield and animal welfare. The design, size, and flooring properties of the free stalls influence the time cows spend lying, the way they lie down, and their rising movements. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the currently available information with the aim to assist farmers and advisors to come to an optimal design of the free stalls. The design of the free stalls should enable the cows to move and lie in positions as natural as possible. Cows should rest, with all parts of the body, on a clean, dry and soft bed, be able to stretch their front legs forward, lie on their sides with unobstructed space for their neck and head, and rest with their heads against their flanks without hindrance from a partition. When they stand, they should not be hindered by neck rails, partitions, or supports. A comfortable place for cows to lie down helps cows to stay healthy, improve welfare, and increase milk yield. Hence, the probability of a longer productive life for the cows increases and the number of replacements per year decreases.

scholarly journals Relation of Automated Body Condition Scoring System and Inline Biomarkers (Milk Yield, β-Hydroxybutyrate, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Progesterone in Milk) with Cow’s Pregnancy Success

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1414
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Dovilė Malašauskienė ◽  
Mindaugas Televičius ◽  
Mingaudas Urbutis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reproductive Success ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Analyzer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Body Condition Scoring

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the relation of automatically determined body condition score (BCS) and inline biomarkers such as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), milk yield (MY), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and progesterone (mP4) with the pregnancy success of cows. The cows (n = 281) had 2.1 ± 0.1. lactations on average, were 151.6 ± 0.06 days postpartum, and were once tested with “Easy scan” ultrasound (IMV imaging, Scotland) at 30–35 d post-insemination. According to their reproductive status, cows were grouped into two groups: non-pregnant (n = 194 or 69.0% of cows) and pregnant (n = 87 or 31.0% of cows). Data concerning their BCS, mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected each day from the day of insemination for 7 days. The BCS was collected with body condition score camera (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden); mP4, MY, BHB, and LDH were collected with the fully automated real-time analyzer Herd Navigator™ (Lattec I/S, Hillerød, Denmark) in combination with a DeLaval milking robot (DeLaval Inc., Tumba, Sweden). Of all the biomarkers, three differences between groups were significant. The body condition score (BCS) of the pregnant cows was higher (+0.49 score), the milk yield (MY) was lower (−4.36 kg), and milk progesterone in pregnant cows was (+6.11 ng/mL) higher compared to the group of non-pregnant cows (p < 0.001). The pregnancy status of the cows was associated with their BCS assessment (p < 0.001). We estimated that cows with BCS > 3.2 were 22 times more likely to have reproductive success than cows with BCS ≤ 3.2.

scholarly journals Oxidative status in dairy goats: periparturient variation and changes in subclinical hyperketonemia and hypocalcemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Yezi Kong ◽  
Chenxu Zhao ◽  
Siqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Oxidative Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background A better comprehension of the redox status during the periparturient period may facilitate the development of management and nutritional solutions to prevent subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) and subclinical hypocalcemia (SCHC) in dairy goats. We aimed to evaluate the variation in the redox status of dairy goats with SCHK and SCHC during their periparturient periods. Guanzhong dairy goats (n = 30) were assigned to SCHK (n = 10), SCHC (n = 10), and healthy (HEAL, n = 10) groups based on their blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and calcium (Ca) concentrations. Blood were withdrawn from goats every week from 3 weeks before the expected parturition date to 3 weeks post-kidding. On the same day, the body condition scores (BCS) were evaluated, and the milk yield was recorded for each goat. The metabolic profile parameters and the indicators of oxidative status were determined by using the standard biochemical techniques. Results In comparison with the HEAL goats, SCHK and SCHC goats presented with a more dramatic decline of BCS post-kidding and a significant decrease in the milk yield at 2- and 3-weeks postpartum, ignoring the obvious increase at 1-week postpartum. The levels of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) peaked at parturition, exhibiting significantly higher levels from 1-week prepartum to the parturition day in the SCHK and SCHC groups. The malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was increased in the SCHK goats from 1-week antepartum until 3-weeks postpartum, with its concentration being significantly higher in the SCHC goats at parturition. The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration was significantly lower in the SCHK and SCHC goats from 2-weeks antepartum to 1-week post-kidding. The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the superoxide dismutase (SOD) level were decreased at 1-week antepartum in the SCHK and SCHC goats, respectively. The glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) level was increased in the SCHK and SCHC goats during the early lactation period. Conclusions The SCHK and SCHC goats exerted more efforts to maintain their redox homeostasis and to ensure the production performance than the HEAL goats during their periparturient period, probably owing to more intense fat mobilization and lipid peroxidation in the former.

How perceived information transparency and psychological attitude impact on the financial well-being: mediating role of financial self-efficacy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman ◽  
Khalid Latif ◽  
Muhammad Mohsin ◽  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Transparency ◽  
Psychological Attitude

PurposeThe basic intention of this research is to investigate the role of information transparency of financial institutions and psychological attitude of the individuals toward their attention to saving and borrowing. This study also tries to know how an individual's psychological factor affects a person's attitude to motivate them to save or borrow and contribute to well-being by giving them confidence that they can face financial challenges. So, the main concern of this study is to explore different factors that ultimately contribute to the financial well-being (FWB) of individual.Design/methodology/approachA survey was conducted by using a well-structured questionnaire to collect data and test the developed hypotheses by using SmartPLS. Data were collected from 120 customers of seven different commercial banks in Pakistan.FindingsThe findings of this study show that perceived information transparency positively affects FWB. It is also because transparent shared information creates positive change in individuals' perceived self-efficacy and leads to FWB. Furthermore, an individual's psychological attitude toward borrowing and saving did not contribute to the FWB of people who belong to Pakistan.Research limitations/implicationsThe research area is limited to one city of Pakistan and analysis is done with small numbers of sample, it can be increased and more areas can be explored.Practical implicationsThis research provides significant implications for people and economists by providing awareness about the antecedents of FWB. The policymakers or managers who work in financial institutions should provide more transparent information and create less risky opportunities to improve the individual's well-being. If person, manager and financial institution can properly utilize the information of this study, then they are able to improve their FWB. By providing more transparent services and favorable experience with your dealings, it could help to obtain and retain more loyal internal (employees) and external customers. The loyal customers and sincere employees can increase the productivity level of organization. The more productive organizations in countries means better society and progress in the economy.Originality/valueThis research contributes to the body of knowledge that how perceived information transparency and psychological attitude of borrowing create improvement and upward changes in the FWB of a person.

scholarly journals Milk yield and composition, feed intake and stocking rate of crossbread cows in tropical grasses managed in a rotational grazing system

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1548-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Massaru Fukumoto ◽  
Julio Cesar Damasceno ◽  
Fermino Deresz ◽  
Carlos Eugênio Martins ◽  
Antônio Carlos Cóser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Grazing System

The objective of this study was to evaluate milk yield and composition, dry matter intake, and stocking rate in pastures with tanzania grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia), star grass (Cynodon nlemfuensis cv. Estrela-Africana), and marandu grass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu). The grasses were managed in a rotational grazing system with Holstein x Zebu crossbreed cows, with a 30-day resting period and three days of paddock occupation. The pastures were fertilized with 1,000 kg/ha/year using the 20:05:20 (NPK) formula, split in three applications during the rainy season. It was used a complete random block experimental design with three factors being studied and two replications. In the experiment, four cows/paddock were used and, when it was necessary, regulator animals were added in order to obtain a supply of 7% body weight green forage dry matter. The animals were individually fed concentrate at 2 kg/day during the experimental period. Milk yield did not differ among the three grasses, with values of 9.1; 9.1; and 8.7 kg/cow/day for pastures with tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. Similarly, grass did not affect milk chemical composition. Stocking rate was similar among the three grasses, with values of 4.6; 4.5 and 5.0 UA/ha for tanzania grass, star grass and marandu grass, respectively. The highest dry matter intake was observed for tanzania grass with 2.6% of the body weight while stargrass (2.3%) and marandu grass (2.4%) did not differ among each other. The highest dry matter intake on tanzania grass pasture was not reflected on milk yield per animal. Milk yield and composition and stocking rate are similar among the evaluated grasses.

scholarly journals The effect of the Ketostop-EL feed supplement on the clinical and metabolic status of lactating cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 06033
Author(s):  
N.B. Nikulina ◽  
E.V. Baidak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Feed Supplement ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

A study was conducted on dairy cows aged 3-6 lactation, which were additionally fed with the Ketostop-El supplement at the rate of 300 g per head for 4 weeks after calving. The use of the feed supplement for 14 days led to a decrease in the number of monocytes, total protein, glucose, creatinine, total calcium and the activity of ALT and AST compared to their level before the use of Ketostop-El. Changes in the physical and chemical properties of urine and increase in the average daily milk yield were noted. The use of the supplement for 28 days contributed to a decrease in hematocrit, the sorption capacity of red blood cells, total protein, glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, total calcium, reserve alkalinity, ALT and AST activity and an increase in the number of basophils, eosinophils, and the concentration of inorganic phosphorus compared to the initial data. At the same time, a decrease in the level of protein and ketones in the urine was observed. An increase in the average daily milk yield and the mass fraction of fat in milk was also recorded. The feed supplement "Ketostop-El" has a positive effect on the body of dairy cows, as evidenced by the normalization of the clinical and metabolic status, as well as an increase in the dairy productivity of animals.

Muscle strain histories in swimming milkfish in steady and sprinting gaits

1999 ◽  
Vol 202 (5) ◽  
pp. 529-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Katz ◽  
R.E. Shadwick ◽  
H.S. Rapoport
Keyword(s):  
White Muscle ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Volume ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Muscle Strain ◽  
Body Movements ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Local Body

Adult milkfish (Chanos chanos) swam in a water-tunnel flume over a wide range of speeds. Fish were instrumented with sonomicrometers to measure shortening of red and white myotomal muscle. Muscle strain was also calculated from simultaneous overhead views of the swimming fish. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that the muscle shortens in phase with local body bending. The fish swam at slow speeds [U&lt;2.6 fork lengths s-1 (=FL s-1)] where only peripheral red muscle was powering body movements, and also at higher speeds (2. 6&gt;U&gt;4.6 FL s-1) where they adopted a sprinting gait in which the white muscle is believed to power the body movements. For all combinations of speeds and body locations where we had simultaneous measurements of muscle strain and body bending (0.5 and 0.7FL), both techniques were equivalent predictors of muscle strain histories. Cross-correlation coefficients for comparisons between these techniques exceeded 0.95 in all cases and had temporal separations of less than 7 ms on average. Muscle strain measured using sonomicrometry within the speed range 0.9-2.6 FL s-1 showed that muscle strain did not increase substantially over that speed range, while tail-beat frequency increased by 140 %. While using a sprinting gait, muscle strains became bimodal, with strains within bursts being approximately double those between bursts. Muscle strain calculated from local body bending for a range of locations on the body indicated that muscle strain increases rostrally to caudally, but only by less than 4 %. These results suggest that swimming muscle, which forms a large fraction of the body volume in a fish, undergoes a history of strain that is similar to that expected for a homogeneous, continuous beam. This has been an implicit assumption for many studies of muscle function in many fish, but has not been tested explicitly until now. This result is achieved in spite of the presence of complex and inhomogeneous geometry in the folding of myotomes, collagenous myosepta and tendon, and the anatomical distinction between red and white muscle fibers.

Tibetan Longevity Meditation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Samuel
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Tibetan Buddhism ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breathing Techniques ◽  
Long Life ◽  
External Forces ◽  
Tantric Practice

The central aim of Tantric practice in Tibetan Buddhism is enlightenment, but the same techniques are also used to attain good health and a long life. The image of the Tantric deity and the surrounding mandala enables the imaginative recreation of a universe in which body-mind and wider environment are connected. Along with mantra recitation, secret breathing techniques, sometimes sexualized visualizations, and various movements and postures, this is understood to help the person reabsorb various kinds of life-essence that have been lost to the environment. Technique and culture are intertwined, since the practices are based on a ‘shamanic’ world-view in which life-essence may be lost to external forces, and the body-mind complex restored to good health and functioning through their recovery.

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