scholarly journals THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING EFFICIENCY OF SPRING COMMON WHEAT AGROCENOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova ◽  
V. N. Pakul
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Bare Fallow ◽  
Spring Common Wheat

The paper presents the results of research (2015– 2018) into the main factors affecting efficiency of agrocenosis of spring common wheat, cultivar Siberian Alliance, with various systems of soil tillage and renewable bio-resources in a grain-fallow rotation. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression in a threecourse grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow-wheatpeas-barley, barley intercropped with melilot) in a long-term stationary experiment. Various soil tillage systems were applied (deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard) preceded by bare fallow and green-manured fallow with rape and melilot. The soil of the experimental plot was leached chernozem. Crops of spring common wheat were sown with all types of soil tillage systems by the tillage and sowing machine Tom’5.1. It was revealed that the main factor influencing the yield of spring common wheat is water availability in the planting periods – full tillering, (r = 0.9579), beginning of earring – yellow ripeness, (r = 0.9611; R = 0.9500). A positive effect on wheat productivity was made by cellulosolytic activity and soil structure. The direct correlation between these factors and the crop yield was established, r = 0.6366 – 0.7298 and r = 0.6343 – 0.7103 respectively. A negative effect on the yield of wheat was made by the development of root decay (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem), (r = – 0.4808). It was established that alongside the above-mentioned fac tors, the significant effect on productivity of spring common wheat was made by the systems of soil tillage (72.4%,) and the predecessor (22.0 %). The optimum conditions in agrocenosis of spring common wheat for formation of its yield during the years of research proved to be created by green-manured fallow (with rape) with minimum moldboard and deep moldboard soil tillage (2.72 and 2.78 t/ha respectively), which is 0.55 and 0.51 t/ha higher compared to analogous soil tillage systems preceded by bare fallow – control. Minimum moldboard soil tillage has an economic advantage over others with profitability of 193.6% and production cost at 5,000 rubles per 1 ton of grain.

scholarly journals TECHNOLOGICAL GRAIN QUALITIES OF SPRING COMMON WHEAT DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF SOIL TILLAGE

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova ◽  
V. N. Pakul
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Spring Common Wheat

The work presents the results of the research into studying technological qualities of the grain of spring common wheat, variety Siberian Alliance, depending on the soil tillage system in grain-fallow crop rotation. The research was conducted in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression in the experimental plot established in 1974, in a fourcourse grain-fallow crop rotation (fallow – wheat – peas – pure barley and barley intercropped with melilot). Various soil tillage systems were applied: deep moldboard, deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The study of grain quality took place on crops of spring common wheat by three preceding crops on bare fallow and greenmanured fallow with rape and melilot. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached chernozem, medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam. The humus content in an arable layer was 8.2%. Crops of spring common wheat were sown with all types of soil tillage systems by the multifunction tillage and sowing machine Tom’5.1. Optimum conditions for obtaining grain of spring common wheat of high quality were formed on green-manured fallow with intercropping of melilot and rape by moldboard and minimum combined soil tillage. On average, the mass of 1000 grains amounted to 37.0-37.4 g, in 2017 – 41.0 g, natural weight – 725-751 g/l, hardness – 80-81%, content of crude gluten – 32-33%, mass fraction of protein – 15.2-15.3%. Positive correlations between indices of grain quality, r = 0,40700,6594 were established. According to the State Standard Specification P 52554-2006, cultivar of common spring wheat Siberian Alliance confirms its belonging to the strong wheat type by the quality indices obtained.

AMOUNT AND STRUCTURE OF THE BIOLOGICAL FERTILITY OF SOYA, DEPENDING ON THE SYSTEM OF MAIN TILLAGE OF SOIL AND MEASURES TO OPTIMIZE NUTRITION MODE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Novokhatskyi ◽  
◽  
V. Targonya ◽  
T. Babinets ◽  
O. Gorodetskyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
The Impact

Aim. Assessment of the impact of the most common systems of basic tillage and biological methods of optimization of nutrition regimes on the realization of the potential of grain productivity of soybean in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The research used general scientific (hypothesis, experiment, observation) and special (field experiment, morphological analysis) methods Results. The analysis of the results of field experiments shows that the conservation system of soil cultivation, which provided the formation of 27.6 c/ha of grain, is preferable by the level of biological yield of soybean. The use of other systems caused a decrease in the biological yield level: up to 26.4 c/ha for the use of the traditional system, up to 25.3 c/ha for the use of mulching and up to 23.0 c/ha for the use of the mini-till. With the use of Groundfix, the average biological yield of soybean grain increases to 25.6 c / ha for application rates of 5 l/ha, and to 28.2 c/ha for application rates of 10 l/ha when control variants (without the use of the specified preparation) an average of 22.6 c/ha of grain was formed with fluctuations in soil tillage systems from 21.0 (mini-bodies) to 25.8 c/ha (traditional).The application of Groundfix (10 l/ha) reduced the seed abortion rate from 11.0% (average without biofertilizer variants) to 8.0%, forming the optimal number of stem nodes with beans, increasing the attachment height of the lower beans and improving other indicators of biological productivity soybeans. Conclusions. It has been found that the use of the canning tillage system generates an average of 27.6 cent soybean grains, which is the highest indicator among the main tillage systems within the scheme of our research. The use of Groundfix caused a change in this indicator: if the variants with a conservative system of basic tillage without the use of biological preparation (control) were formed on average 24.1 c/ha, the use of Ground Licks caused the increase of biological productivity up to 29.4 c/ha, and at a dose of 10 l/ha biological yield was 32.2 c/ha. It was found that both the use of Groundfix and the basic tillage system influenced the elements of the yield structure: the density of the plants at the time of harvest depended more on the tillage system than on the use of Groundfix; the use of Groundfix and increasing its dose within the scheme of our studies positively reflected on the density of standing plants; the height of attachment of the lower beans and reduced the abortion of the seeds.

scholarly journals Change the condition of spring wheat when adding bacterial-humic preparation to herbicides

2021 ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
L. N. Korobova ◽  
T. A. Kizimova ◽  
A. A. Pobelenskaya ◽  
T. G. Lomova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Primary Roots ◽  
Hexyl Ester ◽  
Production Experiment ◽  
Fusarium Sp

The authors studied the effect of the bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b containing the spore-forming bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a production experiment in the northern forest-steppe of the Novosibirsk Priob’ye region. The preparation was used on midearly spring wheat, which forms grain at the level of valuable wheat. The drug was used as an antistressant together with herbicides against dicotyledonous and monocotyledonous plants. The tank mixture used was metsulfuron-methyl, fenoxaprop-P-ethyl with the antidote cloquintoset-mexyl and 2-ethyl hexyl ester of 2,4-D with florasulam. The bacterial-humic preparation AFG-b is known to level out herbicide stress in wheat and improve plant health. It improves the condition of leaf cell membranes by preventing the escape of electrolytes from the cells. On the roots of plants one month after applying the antistressant, the authors observed a 1.5-2 times reduction in the development and prevalence of root rot of fusarium-helminthosporiosis etiology. The authors also marked the most pronounced phytosanitary effect of the preparation’s bacteria, which are antagonists of phytopatho- gens for plants’ primary roots and epicotyl. An increase in plant productivity manifests the anti-stress and growth-stimulating effect of AFG-b. During the growing season of 2020, the bio preparation combined with herbicides provided a reliable increase of 40.2% of the grain of spring wheat and improved its quality by enhancing the protein and gluten content. Under 2019 conditions, AFG-b increased grain yield relative to herbicides by about 8% and did not affect grain quality. Application of AFG-b as an anti-stressant is not accompanied by improvement of seed quality of the new crop. It does not improve its phytosanitary status in infestation by phytopathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana, Fusarium sp., Alternaria, Stagonospora nodorum, Penicillium and Aspergillus relative to herbicides alone.

Approaches to definition of complex influence of major components of agriculture on productivity agrophytocenoses and soil fertility

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (90) ◽  
pp. 10-21
Author(s):  
P.I. Boyko ◽  
D.V. Litvinov ◽  
N.G. Buslaeva ◽  
N.P. Kovalenko ◽  
O.V. Demidenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Main Factors

The purpose - to determine the most productive crop rotation with a corresponding set, ratio and placement of field crops for different ways of basic soil tillage, fertilizer levels and weather conditions. Identify the main parts of the interplay of farming on soil fertility, productive and sustainable land use. Methods. Field, laboratory, comparative and analytical. Conclusions. U article summarizes experimentally developed and theoretically grounded and economically approved agri-environmental and biological basis of efficiency scientifically based crop rotation of different rotation group left bank steppe of Ukraine with optimal saturation ratio and placement agrophytocenoses depending on fertilization, tillage methods that enhances fertility and stabilization soil, increase quality agricultural products obtained by reducing the cost of its production. Objective scientific information that could serve as a basis for the development of modern agriculture can only be obtained by an integrated approach to the formulation of research in the field of long multifactor stationary experiment, conducted in the NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS." Establishing quantitative patterns of action the main factors in its comprehensive and manifestation of the separation opens up opportunities to create sustainable crop production technologies and development of soil fertility management. Besides great theoretical interest, they immediately practical. Long-term studies (1975-2015 gg.) Typical black soil unstable wetting left-bank forest-steppe Drabiv Experimental Station (now the experimental field) Cherkassy DSHDS NSC "Institute of Agriculture NAAS" set action and mutual influence of crop rotation, fertilizers, basic soil, weather agrophytocenoses on productivity and soil fertility. In view of climate change and market relations, ecological factor rotation is stabilizing soil-plant system for current and future agriculture. It selectively acts on mutual share of productivity crops grown on various soil cultivation technologies, reveals the features of formation of indicators of soil fertility, especially the humus balance and quality. The leading factor in the performance of field crop rotation is: after placing the best predecessors in the application of optimal doses of fertilizers and differentiated cultivation provides a stable grain yield at 5.5-6.5 t / ha. Collecting fodder units 1 hectare of crop rotation area was 10.8 and digestible protein 0,68-0,70 t / ha. Preference is for crop rotation with cereals 80%: 20% peas, 20 - winter wheat, 40% corn. In terms Panfyly research station on the same soil in average for 2004-2013 years. Short rotation driving and the effects of crop rotation and use of fertilizers on the characteristics of water and nutritious regime of soil, humus balance and nutrients, microbial activity processes, weed-infested state of agricultural crops. The meaning of income and quality of plant residues. The dependence of productivity, economic and energy efficiency different rotation types of field rotation. The technique for conducting reconstruction programs researching and the portion of the main factors of interference farming system and weather conditions on land use management.

scholarly journals Space and time differentiation of snow cover in the Kasmala river basin, Altai krai

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
D. V. Chernykh ◽  
D. V. Zolotov ◽  
D. K. Pershin ◽  
R. Yu. Biryukov
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Snow Accumulation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Main Factors

Results of the 2011–2014 snow-course survey in the Kasmaly River basin, which is typical of the southern forest-steppe in Altai Territory, Russia, were analyzed. The interannual differential snow cover, major properties, and main factors affecting the amount of snow accumulation within different types of geological systems in the basin were examined.

scholarly journals Methods of improving efficiency of soft spring wheat cultivation technology

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 5-18
Author(s):  
A. L. Pakul ◽  
N. A. Lapshinov ◽  
G. V. Bozhanova ◽  
V. N. Pakul
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Wheat Cultivation

The paper presents the results of research into the technology of soft spring wheat cultivation of the Siberian Alliance variety taking into account the formation of the production process. The experiment was carried out in 2015–2019 in the zone of the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.  The  work  was  done  in  a  long-term  stationary  experiment  of  grain-fallow  crop rotation: fallow (bare, green-manured – rapeseed, melilot) – wheat – peas – barley (pure barley and intercropped with melilot). The following soil tillage systems were studied: deep moldboard (control), deep combined, minimum combined, minimum moldboard. The soil of the experimental plot was characterized as leached medium-textured, medium humus, heavy-loam chernozem. It was revealed that the influence of the preceding crop on the production process of soft spring wheat accounted for 80.4%, the effect of the soil cultivation system was 13.8%. The maximum yield in the experiment was obtained with minimum moldboard system of soil cultivation preceded by rapeseed green-manured fallow (3.34 t/ha) with the lowest cost of grain (4.6 thousand rubles/t) and high profit (30.3 thousand rubles/ha), control indicators being 3.26 t/ha, 9.2 thousand rubles/t and 15.2 thousand rubles/ha, respectively. The following positive effects on the formation of the production process were identified: soil moisture availability, microbiological activity, a decrease in phytosanitary tension, lack of soil compaction at a high content of agronomically valuable particles. Sowing rapeseed on green-manured fallow in the current crop rotation with the application of minimum moldboard tillage system is the most effective method of cultivating soft spring wheat of the Siberian Alliance variety in the northern forest-steppe of Kuznetsk Depression.

scholarly journals Efficiency of basic tillage systems in the cultivation of barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
N. V. Perfilyev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina ◽  
A. N. Vlasenko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Efficiency Coefficient ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Bare Fallow

The effectiveness of long-term use of various basic tillage systems of dark grey forest soil in the conditions of the Northern Trans-Urals was established. Their impact on the efficiency of barley cultivation depending on the grain (spring wheat) or legume forecrop (vetch for grain) was determined. The research was carried out in a stationary experiment covering moldboard, nonmoldboard, combined, differentiated, stubble-mulch and surface systems of basic soil tillage. The experiments took place during the third–sixth rotations (1996–2018) of two grain-fallow crop rotations spread in time and space. The first crop rotation was: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring vetch – spring barley, the second crop rotation: bare fallow – winter rye – spring wheat – spring wheat – spring barley. When cultivating barley following the legume forecrop (spring vetch), it was economically feasible to use basic tillage systems with the elements of minimization. It included non-moldboard and combined tillage with subsurface loosening by a plow with SibIME tines to a depth of 20-22 cm differentiated with stubble-mulch at 12-14 cm and disk harrowing at 10- 12 cm. These methods provided conditions for the formation of productivity close to the moldboard system and practically the same yield of barley, net income and energy efficiency coefficient. Without fertilizers, the yield was 2.97-3.03 t/ha, with the use of N40P40P40 it was 3.47-3.65 t/ha. When planting barley following wheat sown twice, the most effective was moldboard tillage system with a net income of 14.67 thousand rubles/ha without fertilizers and 22.75 thousand rubles/ha with fertilizers and energy coefficient of 2.65 and 2.75. The use of resource-saving tillage methods with repeated wheat led to a decrease in the yield of barley grain by 0.09–0.40 t/ha, and a decrease in the net income of barley cultivation compared to the legume forecrop by 31.0–44.1%.

Recent Rapid Climate Changes in Antarctic and their Influence on Low Diversity Ecosystems

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna J. Chwedorzewska
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Diversity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
High Diversity ◽  
Temperature Water

ABSTRACTThe geographic position, astronomic factors (e.g. the Earth’s maximum distance from the Sun during winter), ice cover and altitude are the main factors affecting the climate of the Antarctic, which is the coldest place on Earth. Parts of Antarctica are facing the most rapid rates of anthropogenic climate change currently seen on the planet. Climate changes are occurring throughout Antarctica, affecting three major groups of environmental variables of considerable biological significance: temperature, water, UV-B radiation.Low diversity ecosystems are expected to be more vulnerable to global changes than high diversity ecosystems

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

INFLUENCE OF ENCAPSULATED UREA ON PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY OF EARLY RIPE POTATO TUBERS IN THE NORTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF TYUMEN REGION

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Increase In Productivity

Introduction of complex mineral fertilizer of an azofoska in combination with ammonium nitrate and urea to early ripe potatoes of Zhukovsky and Red Scarlett variety on the planned productivity of 40 t/hectare has allowed to achieve a goal. At the same time in control option without fertilizers the productivity was 23,2-24,8 t/hectare. Use of encapsulated urea has led to decrease in productivity and level of profitability by 26,3-30,9%. Early ripe potatoes of Zhukovsky and Red Scarlett variety on natural fertility of the chernozem leached in the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region have created average yield of 23,2-24,8 t/hectare for years of researches. Use of complex mineral fertilizer of an azofoska in combination with ammonium nitrate and urea on the planned productivity of 40 t/hectare has led to increase in productivity on the first variety to 39,5 on the second variety up to 41,4 t/hectare. Introduction of the encapsulated urea has led to decrease in productivity of the early ripe potato tubers studied. At the same time, the peel was gentle and when cleaning it was strongly injured. As to the content of starch (11,9-12,6%) at both varieties the big difference between ex-perience options isn't revealed. The similar picture was observed also according to tastes of tubers. It has made 3,2-3,5 points at Zhukovsky variety and 3,4-3,7 points at Red Scarlett's variety. Profitability level in con-trol option at Zhukovsky variety was 157,3%, at Red Scarlett's variety – 140,5%. In options with non-encapsulated ammonium nitrate and urea the first variety got 172,6-184,1%, second variety – 190,4-207,2%. In option with encapsulated urea at varieties under study the profitability level has decreased 26,3-30,9.

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