A Comparative Analysis Of COVID-19 Mortality Rate Across the Globe: An Extensive Analysis of the Associated Factors

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe vast variation in COVID 19 mortality across the globe draws attention to potential risk factors other than the patient characteristics that determine COVID-19 mortality.Subjects and MethodsWe have quantified and analyzed one of the broadest set of clinical factors associated with COVID-19-related death, ranging from disease related co-morbities, socioeconomic factors, healthcare capacity and government policy and interventions. Data for population, total cases, total COVID mortality, tests done, and GDP per capita were extracted from the worldometers database. Datasets for health expenditure by government, hospital beds, rural population, prevalence of smoking, prevalence of overweight population, deaths due to communicable disease and incidence of malaria were extracted from the World Bank website. Prevalence of diabetes was retrieved from the indexmundi rankings. The average population age, 60+ population, delay in lockdown, population density and BCG data were also included for analysis. The COVID-19 mortality per million and its associated factors were retrieved for 56 countries across the globe. Quantitative analysis was done at the global as well as continent level. All the countries included in the study were categorized continent and region wise for comparative analysis determining the correlation between COVID 19 mortality and the aforementioned factors.ResultsThere was significant association found between mortality per million and 60+ population of country, average age, prevalence of diabetes mellitus, and case fatality rate with correlation and p value (p) of 0.422 (p 0.009), 0.386 (p 0.0186), −0.384 (p 0.019) and 0.753 (p 0.000) respectively at 95% CI.ConclusionThe study observations will serve as a evidence based management strategy for generating predictive model for COVID-19 infection and mortality rate.

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An Examination on the Transmission of COVID-19 and the Effect of Response Strategies: A Comparative Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17165687 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (16) ◽

pp. 5687 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yi-Tui Chen ◽

Yung-Feng Yen ◽

Shih-Heng Yu ◽

Emily Chia-Yu Su

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Qualitative Analysis ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Major Purpose ◽

Response Strategies ◽

The Usa ◽

Viral Testing ◽

Pandemic Severity ◽

Drop Rate

The major purpose of this paper was to examine the transmission of COVID-19 and the associated factors that affect the transmission. A qualitative analysis was conducted by comparing the COVID-19 transmission of six countries: China, Korea, Japan, Italy, the USA, and Brazil. This paper attempted to examine the mitigation effectiveness for the transmission of COVID-19 and the pandemic severity. Time to reach the peak of daily new confirmed cases and the maximum drop rate were used to measure the mitigation effectiveness, while the proportion of confirmed cases to population and the mortality rate were employed to evaluate the pandemic severity. Based on the mitigation effectiveness, the pandemic severity, and the mortality rate, the six sample countries were categorized into four types: high mitigation effectiveness vs. low pandemic severity, middle mitigation effectiveness vs. low pandemic severity, high mitigation effectiveness vs. high pandemic severity, and low mitigation effectiveness vs. high pandemic severity. The results found that Korea and China had relatively higher mitigation effectiveness and lower pandemic severity, while the USA and Brazil had the opposite. This paper suggests that viral testing together with contacts tracing, strict implementation of lockdown, and public cooperation play important roles in achieving a reduction in COVID-19 transmission.

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265FIVE YEAR MORTALITY RATE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS POST HIP FRACTURE IN OLDER ADULTS

Age and Ageing ◽

10.1093/ageing/afw159.46 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (suppl 2) ◽

pp. ii1.46-ii12

Author(s):

Niamh Maher ◽

Nessa Fallon ◽

Georgina Steen ◽

James Mahon ◽

JB Walsh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Hip Fracture ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Associated Factors

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Comparative Analysis of a French Prospective Series of 144 Patients with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (FRIGTIH) and the Literature

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1712957 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 120 (07) ◽

pp. 1096-1107 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yves Gruel ◽

Caroline Vayne ◽

Jérôme Rollin ◽

Pierre Weber ◽

Dorothée Faille ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Arterial Thrombosis ◽

Rare Complication ◽

Strong Association ◽

Serotonin Release ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽

Large Patient ◽

Release Assay

Abstract Background Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a rare complication of heparin treatments, and only a few large patient cohorts have been reported. In this study, biological and clinical data from 144 French patients with HIT were analyzed in comparison with the literature. Methods The diagnosis of HIT was confirmed in all patients by an immunoassay combined with serotonin release assay. In the literature, only cohorts of at least 20 HIT patients published from 1992 were selected for a comparative analysis. Results Two-thirds of patients were hospitalized in surgery and most were treated with unfractionated heparin (83.2% vs. 16.8% with low molecular weight heparin only). Thrombotic events in 54 patients (39.7%) were mainly venous (41/54). However, arterial thrombosis was more frequent after cardiac surgery (13.2% vs. 2.4% in other surgeries, p = 0.042) with a shorter recovery time (median = 3 vs. 5 days, p < 0.001). The mortality rate was lower in our series than in the 22 selected published studies (median = 6.3% vs. 15.9%). Three genetic polymorphisms were also studied and homozygous subjects FcγRIIA RR were more frequent in patients with thrombosis (37.8 vs. 18.2% in those without thrombosis, p = 0.03). Conclusion This study shows that the mortality rate due to HIT has recently decreased in France, possibly due to earlier diagnosis and improved medical care. It also confirms the strong association between polymorphism FcγRIIA H131R and thrombosis in HIT.

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Survival and associated factors of mortality of preterm neonates admitted to Felege Hiwot specialized hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

SAGE Open Medicine ◽

10.1177/2050312120953646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 205031212095364

Author(s):

Ayanaw Tamene ◽

Gedefaw Abeje ◽

Zelalem Addis

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Preterm Neonates ◽

Bahir Dar ◽

Specialized Hospital ◽

Management Of Complications

Background: The complication of prematurity is the second commonest cause of under-five mortality in Ethiopia. Amhara region has the highest neonatal mortality rate in the country. There was no previous study and this study aimed to assess the survival of preterm neonates and its associated factors of preterm neonatal mortality admitted to Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia, to take necessary action to maximize survival of preterm babies in developing countries. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 686 preterm neonates admitted in Felege Hiwot Specialized Hospital from 1 August 2017 to 30 July 2018. Kaplan–Meier survival curve was used to show the survival rate of preterm neonates and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify covariates of survival of preterm neonates. Those variables having a p-value less than 0.05 were statistically significant for the survival of preterm neonates. Result: Out of 686 preterm neonates admitted from 1 August 2017 to 30 July 2018, 49.1% neonates were improved and discharged and 36.1% died. The survival rate was 0%, 19.4%, 46.7% and 75% for gestational age <28 weeks, 28–31 + 6 weeks, 32–33 + 6 weeks and 34–36 + 6 weeks, respectively. In the multivariate Cox regression model, respiratory distress syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis, asphyxia, hospital-acquired infection, birth weight, gestational age and place of delivery were significantly associated with time to death of preterm neonates at 95% confidence level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The mortality rate (36.1%) of preterm neonates is unacceptably high in Felege Hiwot hospital compared to other similar hospitals in Ethiopia. More than 50% of preterm neonatal deaths can be prevented with available resources. Neonatal units with adequate and committed manpower, using a strict aseptic technique, proper follow-up, early detection and timely management of complications, are recommended to improve the survival of preterm neonates.

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Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Chronic Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10112376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2376

Author(s):

Dayoung Ko ◽

Hee-Beom Yang ◽

Joong Youn ◽

Hyun-Young Kim

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Parenteral Nutrition ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Rare Condition ◽

Onset Age ◽

The Mean ◽

Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction ◽

Overall Mortality

Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO) is an extremely rare condition with symptoms of recurrent intestinal obstruction without any lesions. The outcomes of pediatric CIPO and predictors for the outcomes have not yet been well established. We analyzed the clinical outcomes and associated factors for the outcomes of pediatric CIPO. We retrospectively reviewed 66 primary CIPO patients diagnosed between January 1985 and December 2017. We evaluated parenteral nutrition (PN) factors such as PN duration, PN use over 6 months, home PN, and mortality as outcomes. We selected onset age, presence of urologic symptoms, pathologic type, and involvement extent as predictors. The early-onset CIPO was found in 63.6%, and 21.2% of the patients presenting with urologic symptoms. Of the 66 patients, 47 and 11 had neuropathy and myopathy, respectively. The generalized involvement type accounted for 83.3% of the cases. At the last follow-up, 24.2% of the patients required home PN management. The mean duration of PN was 11.8 ± 21.0 months. The overall mortality rate of primary CIPO was 18.2%. PN factors were predicted by the urologic symptoms and extent of involvement. However, mortality was predicted by pathologic type. The onset age was not significantly associated with the outcomes. CIPO with urologic symptoms and generalized CIPO had poor PN outcomes. Myopathy is suggested as a predictor of mortality in children with primary CIPO.

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Rank Indices Method and its use for the comparative analysis of population health data

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.18821/00169900-2016-95-3-306-311 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 95 (3) ◽

pp. 306-311

Author(s):

A. M. Bolshakov ◽

Vyacheslav Krutko ◽

T. M. Smirnova ◽

S. V. Chankov

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Calculation Method ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Health Data ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Economic Determinants ◽

The Social

There is presented a calculation method aimed to elevate the informative value of the integral indices of the social and hygienic monitoring for purposes of comparative analysis. The method of rank indices is based on the ranking of monitoring objects on the values ofprimary indices on the base of which there are calculated the integral such indices as, for example, life expectancy. There are presented results of the use of this method for the comparative analysis of mortality rate in WHO Member States for the period of 1990-2011. There were revealed special features of mortality trends which cannot be detected when using only mortality rates or the life expectancy. In particular, for Russia there was shown that, in spite of the downward trend in child and adolescent mortality rate observed in the last decade, the country's world rankings for these indices fail to achieve the level of 1990. This means that the competitiveness of the country, sharply declined in the 90's, was not restored until now. There are described some features of the use of the method of rank indices for the analysis of indices of the environment state, public health and its socio-economic determinants.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF MODIFIED RISK FACTORS OF NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES AMONG THE POPULATION OF CHINA AND UKRAINE

Wiadomości Lekarskie ◽

10.36740/wlek201905230 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (5) ◽

pp. 1108-1116

Author(s):

Vyacheslav M. Zhdan ◽

Iryna A. Holovanova ◽

Maksim V. Khorosh ◽

Mariia M. Tovstiak ◽

Andriy M. Zinchuk

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Communicable Diseases ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Modern World ◽

National Bureau ◽

Developed Country ◽

Non Communicable Diseases

Introduction: In the modern world, the problem of non-communicable diseases, which nowadays constitute the main cause of social and economic losses, is extremely topical: the main causes of disability and mortality of the working population are caused by non-communicable diseases. The aim is a comparative analysis of the prevalence and dynamics of the risk factors of the NCDs, and the overall mortality rate between the economically developed country - China and the developing country - Ukraine. Materials and methods: To achieve the set goal, the method of data analysis was used - the alignment of dynamic rows with the definition of increasing rates, the determination of reliability between two unrelated aggregates, triangulation. Material: annual reports of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Review: As a result of the study, it was found that with the tendency to reduce the mortality rate, the mortality rate in Ukraine exceeds the rate in China, especially among men (2.5-3 times); the percentage of smoking is 6 times higher among Ukrainian women; an increase in malnutrition is observed in Ukraine, while in China it is constantly decreasing; in both countries there is an increase in the frequency of obesity in both sexes, but in Ukraine the prevalence is 4-6 times higher. Conclusions: Thus, using the obtained data, one can conclude that, despite the difference in the level of economic development between countries, behavioral risk factors remain an extremely important problem.

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Mortality rate and associated factors among preterm babies born in Moshi, north – Tanzania: A prospective cohort study

10.21203/rs.2.12403/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rose Chengo ◽

Frida Mowo ◽

Clifford Silver Tarimo ◽

Michael Johnson Mahande

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Neonatal Mortality ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Neonatal Mortality Rate ◽

Live Births ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Preterm Babies

Abstract Introduction Globally, approximately 15 million babies are born before term each year. Of these, more than 1 million die within the first 28 days of their life. Understanding the mortality rate and its predictors during neonatal period among preterm babies is crucial to help designing interventions to avert the situation. This study aimed to determine the neonatal mortality rate and associated factors among preterm babies born in Moshi Municipality, Tanzania. Methodology A prospective cohort study was conducted in three hospitals in Moshi Municipality from December 2016 to May 2017. All live births at gestational age of <37 weeks and those of <24 hours were studied. Babies who died prior to gestation age assessment and those whose mother did not consent were excluded. Cox regression model was used to estimate maternal and fetal factors associated with neonatal mortality. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results A total of 311 of preterm babies were recruited from 265 mothers and were followed for 28 days. The neonatal mortality rate was 6.5deaths per 1,000 preterm live births (95% CI: 4.83-8.61). It was higher among extremely preterm babies compared to very preterm ones (HR: 38.24; 95% CI: 16.62-87.96) versus (HR: 8.01; 95% CI: 3.96-16.20) respectively. Apgar score of <7 at 1st minute (HR: 14.03; 95% CI: 7.27-27.06), respiratory distress syndrome (HR: 8.14; 95% CI: 4.27-15.54) and antepartum hemorrhage (HR: 3.32; 95% CI: 1.49-7.39) were significantly associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusion Preterm birth complication is the major cause of neonatal death in the study setting. Interventions to address the identified risk factors may reduce neonatal mortality among preterm babies.

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Maternal Mortality Rate at East Ogan Komering Ulu (East OKU) Regional Public Hospital Over a Four Year Period: Trends, Its Associated Factors and Neonatal Outcome

Indonesian Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.32771/inajog.v7i2.980 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 97-100

Author(s):

Cindy Kesty ◽

Hendra S Saputra

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Maternal Mortality ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Public Hospital ◽

Neonatal Outcome ◽

Downward Trend ◽

Hypertensive Disorder ◽

Childbearing Age ◽

Maternal Deaths ◽

Maternal Mortality Rate

Objective: To determine the MMR trends, its associated factors, and neonatal outcome at East OKU Regional Public Hospital from 2013 until 2016. Methods: This descriptive study was performed from January 2013 until December 2016 in maternity ward and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of East OKU Regional Public Hospital, South Sumatera. Data was collected from medical records. There were 17 maternal deaths, but 1 data was excluded due to lack of data. Results: We recorded 2,191 pregnancies and 17 maternal deaths. Over 4 years, the lowest MMR occurred in 2013 (229/100,000) and achieved its peak in 2014 (1,306/100,000). Then, MMR followed downward trend dropping from 1,087/100,000 in 2015 until 588/100,000 in 2016. Most of deceased were childbearing age women (50.0%), multigravida (62.5%), but nulliparous (50.0%), and aterm (87.5%). The major etiology of maternal deaths were hypertensive disorder (37.5%), followed by hypertensive disorder + hemorrhage and hypertensive disorder + infection in the same proportion. MMR were higher in inborn cases (87.5%), born via C-section (87.5%), and treated for less than 48 hours (93.75%). Alive neonatal were born in most cases (62.5%). Conclusion: MMR trends in our hospital were fluctuating with a downward trend, but still much higher than the MDGs target in 2015 (102/100,000). Hypertensive disorder plays significant role in maternal deaths. In addition, most of neonates were born alive. We hope that this study can be a feedback for hospital to do maternal and perinatal audit. Keywords: Factors, Maternal mortality rate, Neonatal outcome, Regional public hospital, Trends Tujuan: Untuk menentukan pola, faktor yang berkaitan, dan luaran neonatus di RSUD OKU Timur dari 2013 hingga 2016. Metode: Studi deskriptif dilakukan dari Januari 2013 hingga Desember 2016 di bangsal kebidanan dan unit perawatan intensif RSUD OKU Timur, Sumatera Selatan. Data dikumpulkan dari rekam medik. Terdapat 17 kematian ibu, tetapi 1 data dieksklusi karena data yang kurang lengkap. Hasil: Terdapat 2.191 kehamilan, dan 17 kematian ibu. Selama 4 tahun, AKI terendah terjadi pada 2013 (229/100.000) dan mencapai puncaknya pada 2014 (1.306/100.000). Kemudian, AKI mengalami penurunan dari 1.087/100.000 pada 2015 hingga 588/100.000 pada 2016. Mayoritas sampel berusia reproduktif (50,0%), multigravida (62,5%) dan nulipara (50,0%), serta aterm (87,5%). Mayoritas kematian ibu disebabkan oleh hipertensi dalam kehamilan (HDK) (37,5%), diikuti oleh HDK + perdarahan dan HDK + infeksi dalam jumlah yang sama. AKI lebih tinggi pada ibu yang melahirkan di RS (87,5%), melahirkan melalui sectio caesaria (87,5%), dan dirawat selama kurang dari 48 jam (93,75%). Mayoritas neonatus dilahirkan hidup (62,5%). Kesimpulan: Pola AKI di RSUD berfluktuasi dengan pola menurun, tetapi masih jauh lebih tinggi dari target MDGs pada tahun 2015 (102/100,000). Hipertensi dalam kehamilan berperan signifikan terhadap kematian ibu. Mayoritas neonatus dilahirkan hidup. Studi ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi rumah sakit untuk melakukan audit maternal dan perinatal. Kata kunci: Angka kematian ibu, Faktor, Luaran neonatus, Pola, Rumah sakit umum daerah

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