Early Ontogeny, Growth and Mortality of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) at Low Concentrations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide

Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) is an important polar aprotic solvent, less toxic than other members of this class. Because of its excellent solvating power, DMSO is frequently used as solvent for chemical reactions involving salts, especially Finkelstein reactions and other nucleophilic substitutions. Furthermore, DMSO is used as auxiliary substance in toxicity tests on aquatic organisms, usually at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 ml l-1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of DMSO on early development, growth and mortality of early life stages in common carp. Tests were performed from fertilized egg to the end of the larval period with continuous exposure to DMSO at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 ml l-1. Mortality of embryos and larvae, intensity of development and growth, weight and occurrence of abnormalities were analyzed. DMSO exposure at all the tested concentrations did not result in any lethal effects or abnormalities compared to the control over the entire test period (29 days). Growth indicators were similar in DMSO treated (at concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 ml l-1) and control groups. However, mean body weight (35 ± 9 mg) of larvae exposed to the highest DMSO concentration (5 ml l-1) tested was significantly lower compared to the control (45 ± 14 mg).

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Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.2478/aoas-2020-0092 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Roghieh Safari ◽

Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽

Maryam Dadar ◽

Hien Van Doan

Keyword(s):

Common Carp ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Malic Acid ◽

Control Group ◽

Skin Mucus ◽

Antioxidant Genes ◽

Treatment Comparison ◽

Genes Expression ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

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Acute and chronic effect of cyaniade on survival rate, behavior, and reproduction of Daphnia sp.

AQUATIC SCIENCE & MANAGEMENT ◽

10.35800/jasm.1.1.2013.1969 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 52 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Melky R Pattiwael ◽

Remy E. P Mangindaan ◽

Rudi Prabowo ◽

Inneke F. M Rumengan

Keyword(s):

Government Regulation ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Standard Test ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Zooplankton Organism ◽

Rate Behavior ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Reproduction Pattern ◽

Acute And Chronic Effects ◽

Ministerial Decree

Cyanide (CN) through leaching process in the gold processing could produce tailings that have negative impacts on the aquatic environment. To determine the acute and chronic effects of cyanide on aquatic organisms, toxicity tests have been conducted in the laboratory using Daphnia sp.This zooplankton organism is recommended by APHA as standard test animals. In this study the test concentrations refer to the Ministerial Decree No. 202 of 2004 and Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001. Cyanide was analyzed as free CN and WADS CN. The result of acute toxicity test using cyanide solution showed that Daphnia could survive a maximum concentration of 0.2 ppm. LC50 values for 24 and 72 hours were 0,59 mg/L and 0,10 mg/l, respectively. The LT50 was found at 42 hours. Daphnia sp. produced different numbers of offspring at different CN concentrations, and changed their reproduction pattern from parthenogenesis to sexual reproduction after exposure to a cyanide concentration of 0.1 ppm for 24 hours© Sianida (CN) melalui proses leaching dalam proses pengolahan emas menghasilkan limbah yang dapat memberi dampak negatif bagi lingkungan perairan. Untuk mengetahui sampai seberapa jauh CN dapat memberi efek akut dan kronis terhadap biota air, telah dilakukan uji toksisitas di laboratorium dengan menggunakan Daphnia sp. Zooplankton ini direkomendasikan oleh APHA sebagai salah satu hewan uji standar. Dalam penelitian ini konsentrasi uji yang dipakai mengacu pada peraturan yang berlaku, yaitu Keputusan Menteri No. 202, Tahun 2004, dan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 82, Tahun 2001. Analisis sianida yang dihitung adalah nilai free CN dan WADS CN. Hasil penelitian uji toksisitas akut dengan menggunakan larutan sianida didapati Daphnia mampu bertahan hidup sampai pada konsentrasi 0,2 ppm dan nilai LC50 berada pada konsentarsi 0,1 ppm serta LT50 pada jam ke 42. Hasil uji efek kronis, Daphnia sp. menghasilkan jumlah anakan yang berbeda pada konsentrasi CN yang berlainan, dan mengalami perubahan pola reproduksi dari partenogenesis menjadi seksual setelah dipaparkan pada kosentrasi sianida 0,1 ppm selama 24 jam©

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Metallic Elements (Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn) Toxicity Effects Determination on a Fresh Water Fish Cyprinus Carpio (Common Carp) Laboratory Acclimatized

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.8.5750 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 1711-1715

Author(s):

Stefania Gheorghe ◽

Gabriela Geanina Vasile ◽

Cristina Gligor ◽

Irina Eugenia Lucaciu ◽

Mihai Nita Lazar

Keyword(s):

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Control Fish ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Fresh Water Fish ◽

Metallic Elements ◽

Mn Toxicity ◽

Vitro Effect

Metallic elements copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and manganese (Mn) are some of the most commonly found in water and sediment samples collected from the Danube - Danube Delta. These elements are important as essential micronutrients, being normally present at low concentrations in biological organisms, but in high concentrations they become toxic with immediate and delayed effects. The role of this metals is still controversial, that�s why bioconcentration potential is so important. In this non-clinical study, we tested in vitro effect of heavy metals on carp, Cyprinus carpio, reproducing in vivo presence of Cu, Zn, Ni and Mn in the Romanian�s surface water. The toxicity tests were performed according to OECD 203 by detecting the average (50%) lethal concentration - LC50 on aquatic organisms (freshwater fish) at 96h. The results pointed out that, copper value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 3.4 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.1 - 4.75 mg/L). Zinc value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 20.8 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.028 � 29.6 mg/L). Nickel value for LC 50 at 96h was estimated as 40.1 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.008 - 84.5 mg/L). For manganese the mortality effects has recorded at LC 50 at 96h at estimated value higher than 53 mg/L (concentrations tested in the range of 0.04 - 53.9 mg/L). The accuracy of the testing metals concentration was insured by the screening of the dilution water, as well as food and control fish, acclimated in laboratory conditions.

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Multi-omics phenotyping of the gut-liver axis reveals metabolic perturbations from a low-dose pesticide mixture in rats

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01990-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Robin Mesnage ◽

Maxime Teixeira ◽

Daniele Mandrioli ◽

Laura Falcioni ◽

Mariam Ibragim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Shotgun Metagenomics ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Sprague Dawley Rats

AbstractHealth effects of pesticides are not always accurately detected using the current battery of regulatory toxicity tests. We compared standard histopathology and serum biochemistry measures and multi-omics analyses in a subchronic toxicity test of a mixture of six pesticides frequently detected in foodstuffs (azoxystrobin, boscalid, chlorpyrifos, glyphosate, imidacloprid and thiabendazole) in Sprague-Dawley rats. Analysis of water and feed consumption, body weight, histopathology and serum biochemistry showed little effect. Contrastingly, serum and caecum metabolomics revealed that nicotinamide and tryptophan metabolism were affected, which suggested activation of an oxidative stress response. This was not reflected by gut microbial community composition changes evaluated by shotgun metagenomics. Transcriptomics of the liver showed that 257 genes had their expression changed. Gene functions affected included the regulation of response to steroid hormones and the activation of stress response pathways. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of the same liver samples showed that 4,255 CpG sites were differentially methylated. Overall, we demonstrated that in-depth molecular profiling in laboratory animals exposed to low concentrations of pesticides allows the detection of metabolic perturbations that would remain undetected by standard regulatory biochemical measures and which could thus improve the predictability of health risks from exposure to chemical pollutants.

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Influence of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol on blood profile of common carp

Acta Veterinaria Brno ◽

10.2754/avb201786020133 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 133-139

Author(s):

Ewa Czerniak ◽

Piotr Gomułka ◽

Jakub Dągowski

Keyword(s):

Blood Cell ◽

Common Carp ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Blood Profile ◽

Blood Indices ◽

Blood Biochemical ◽

Test Fish ◽

Biochemical Profiles ◽

Red Blood Cell Indices ◽

Inorganic Phosphates

1-phenoxy-2-propanol is a common and effective anaesthetic for aquatic organisms such as bivalves and pulmonates. However, there are no data regarding its influence on fish organisms. In the present study the anaesthetic efficacy of 1-phenoxy-2-propanol and its influence on biochemical and haematological blood indices of juvenile common carp were studied. For blood profile test, fish were divided into four groups (n = 10). The haematological and blood biochemical profiles of common carp were evaluated 10 min and 24 h after anaesthesia with 1-phenoxy-2-propanol (400 mg·dm-3) and compared to non-anaesthetized control groups. Significant changes (P < 0.05) in red blood cell indices and in white blood cell count were found as well. Increased concentrations of glucose, ammonia and inorganic phosphates indicate that stress reaction occurred. No changes in total protein, globulin, triacylglycerols, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase and calcium were found. Although exposure to 1-phenoxy-2-propanol caused a moderate, temporary stress response in examined fish, we can state that 1-phenoxy-2-propanol can be used as an effective anaesthetic for common carp.

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Risk Assessment of Malakite with the Active Substances Dithianon and Pyrimenthanil

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2019/v9i430075 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 312-314

Author(s):

Torsten Källqvist ◽

Merete Grung ◽

Katrine Borgå ◽

Hubert Dirven ◽

Ole Martin Eklo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Plant Protection ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Active Ingredients ◽

Active Substances ◽

Assessment Factor

The plant protection product Malakite (BAS 669 01 F), containing the active substances dithianon and pyrimethanil, is a fungicide against scab in pome fruits. Products containing these active plant protection substances are approved in Norway, but not with both substances in the same product. The Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI) has as zonal Rapporteur Member State (zRMS) of the Northern Zone evaluated the product Malakite and decided on non-approval due to the observation of unacceptable effects in exposed birds, aquatic organisms, non-target arthropods and earthworms. On request from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority, the VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products has discussed the available data and the report prepared by KemI, and has concluded as follows on the questions raised: On the refinement of DT50 in long term risk assessment for birds: It is the view of the VKM panel that the refinement is not acceptable because the analysis using first order kinetics seems not in line with a realistic and sufficiently conservative approach for the data provided. Furthermore, field studies from more sites are required. On the long term cumulative effects of the active substances on birds: VKM shares the view of KemI, that the combined sub-lethal and reproduction effects should be assessed because the mode of action of the two ingredients has only been shown in fungi, and since the mechanisms in birds could be different. On the reduction of assessment factor for fish: VKM opposes to the reduction of assessment factor for dithianon in fish because the data from acute toxicity tests cannot be extrapolated to chronic toxicity, and because the factor should reflect not only the variation in interspecies sensitivity, but also the uncertainty involved in extrapolation from laboratory tests to the field situation. On the choice of end point in risk assessment for fish: The VKM panel considers the NOEC of dithianon for fish determined from the study at pH 7.9 not to be adequate for the more acidic Norwegian surface waters, and recommends using the data from the test performed at pH 6.5. On the formulation studies for aquatic organisms: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that the formulation studies may be used together with corresponding studies with the active ingredients as long as the studies compared are performed and evaluated according to the same principles. However, VKM notes that the formulation tests as well as the tests of the active ingredients have been performed at high pH values, which are not representative to most Norwegian surface waters. Thus, the toxic effect of dithianon shown in these tests are likely to be lower than expected under typical conditions in Norway. On the assessment factors for concentration addition in fish: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that a reduction in assessment factor for one component in a mixture cannot be used for a formulation containing components for which a similar reduction has not been accepted. On effect studies of active substances and formulations on non-target arthropods: The VKM panel shares the view of KemI that the risk assessment should be based on all available information, including the studies presented for the active substances. On the endpoint in earthworm risk assessment: VKM supports the view of KemI that the observed effects of pyrimethanil on reproduction of earthworms should be considered in the risk assessment of Malakite.

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Influence of calcium and EDTA on copper ion bioavailability in copper nanoparticle toxicity tests improves understanding of nano-specific effects

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/0748233720936825 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (7) ◽

pp. 467-476

Author(s):

Halis Boran

Keyword(s):

Acute Toxicity ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid ◽

Scale Effects ◽

Copper Ion ◽

Chelating Agent ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Cu Toxicity ◽

Cu Ions

Metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) can release metal ions that are toxic to aquatic organisms; however, whether the toxicity is from metal ions rather than unique “nano-scale” effects of the NPs is unresolved. The present study aimed to compare the toxicity of Cu2+ and Cu-NPs in larval zebrafish ( Danio rerio) to clarify whether toxic effects are attributable to release of Cu ions and to determine the effect of the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and calcium hardness (as CaCO3) on the Cu toxicity. First, the acute toxicity (96-h lethality) of Cu-NPs was determined in comparison to aqueous Cu in larvae exposed to CuSO4, and subsequently, sublethal tests with Cu-NPs and CuSO4 were conducted with additions of EDTA or calcium ions to evaluate alterations in expression of metallothionein-2 ( MT2) gene transcripts (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction). Acute toxicity of Cu in larvae exposed to CuSO4 was greater (LC50 = 226 µg Cu/L) than for larvae exposed to Cu-NPs (LC50 = 648 µg Cu/L). The expression of MT2 increased with Cu concentration ( p < 0.05), and the slope of the linear regression was significantly greater in fish exposed to CuSO4 (slope = 0.090) compared to Cu-NPs (slope = 0.011). Cu2+ was 2.9-fold more toxic than Cu-NPs. The presence of 5 mg/L EDTA and 220 mg/L CaCO3 significantly reduced the expression of MT2 (1.8-fold for EDTA, 2.3-fold for CaCO3) in larvae exposed to CuSO4. For larvae exposed to Cu-NPs, the presence of EDTA reduced the expression of MT2 (1.7-fold) relative to Cu-NP concentration. While Cu-NPs induced MT2 expression, the differences in concentration relationships of MT2 expression between Cu-NPs and CuSO4 indicated that factors other than release of Cu ions from Cu-NPs influenced acute toxicity of Cu-NPs. The conclusion drawn from this ecotoxicological risk assessment was that EDTA and calcium significantly decreased Cu toxicity in freshwater fish.

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Effects of neuraminidase on the regulation of erythropoiesis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v63.4.784.784 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 784-788 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

VF LaRussa ◽

F Sieber ◽

LL Sensenbrenner ◽

SJ Sharkis

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Colony Formation ◽

Bone Marrow Cells ◽

Marrow Cell ◽

Colony Growth ◽

Mouse Bone Marrow ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Marrow Cells

Abstract In this article, we present evidence that sialic acid-containing surface components play a role in the regulation of erythropoiesis. A 1- hr exposure of mouse bone marrow cells to high concentrations of neuraminidase reduced erythroid colony formation. Coculture of 10(6) untreated thymocytes with neuraminidase-treated bone marrow cells restored erythroid colony growth. Neuraminidase-treated thymocytes retained their ability to suppress erythroid colony formation by untreated marrow cells, but lost their ability to enhance erythroid colony formation. Continuous exposure to low concentrations of neuraminidase enhanced erythroid bone marrow cell colony growth in response to a suboptimal dose of erythropoietin.

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ZIF Nanocrystal-Based Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Electronic Nose to Detect Diabetes in Human Breath

Biosensors ◽

10.3390/bios9010004 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 4 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Fabio Bahos ◽

Arianee Sainz-Vidal ◽

Celia Sánchez-Pérez ◽

José Saniger ◽

Isabel Gràcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acoustic Wave ◽

Surface Acoustic Wave ◽

Signal Recovery ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks ◽

Saw Sensor ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Control Of Diabetes ◽

Short Time ◽

And Control

In the present work, a novel, portable and innovative eNose composed of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array based on zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, ZIF-8 and ZIF-67 nanocrystals (pure and combined with gold nanoparticles), as sensitive layers has been tested as a non-invasive system to detect different disease markers, such as acetone, ethanol and ammonia, related to the diagnosis and control of diabetes mellitus through exhaled breath. The sensors have been prepared by spin coating, achieving continuous sensitive layers at the surface of the SAW device. Low concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm and 25 ppm) of the marker analytes were measured, obtaining high sensitivities, good reproducibility, short time response and fast signal recovery.

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Effect of Cadmium and Nickel Exposure on Early Development in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Embryos

Water ◽

10.3390/w12113005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 3005

Author(s):

Seyed Javid Aldavood ◽

Louise C. Abbott ◽

Zachary R. Evans ◽

Daniel J. Griffin ◽

MaKenzie D. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Danio Rerio ◽

Aquatic Organisms ◽

Total Body Length ◽

Hatching Rate ◽

Spontaneous Movement ◽

Low Concentrations ◽

Combined Exposures ◽

Low Exposure ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Danio Rerio Embryos

Exposure to even low concentrations of heavy metals can be toxic to aquatic organisms, especially during embryonic development. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the toxicity of nickel and cadmium in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of each metal alone or in combination from 4 h through to 72 h postfertilization. Neither metal altered survival, but individual and combined exposures decreased hatching rate. Whereas cadmium did not affect total body length, trunk area, eye diameter, or eye area, nickel alone and in combination with cadmium decreased each morphological parameter. Yolk sac area, an index of metabolic rate, was not affected by nickel, but was larger in embryos exposed to high cadmium concentrations or nickel and cadmium combined at high concentrations. Nickel decreased spontaneous movement, whereas cadmium alone or nickel and cadmium combined had no effect. Neither metal altered elicited movement, but nickel and cadmium combined decreased elicited movement. Myosin protein expression in skeletal muscle was not altered by cadmium exposure. However, exposure to nickel at low concentrations and combined exposure to nickel and cadmium decreased myosin expression. Overall, nickel was more toxic than cadmium. In conclusion, we observed that combined exposures had a greater effect on movement than gross morphology, and no significant additive or synergistic interactions were present. These results imply that nickel and cadmium are toxic to developing embryos, even at very low exposure concentrations, and that these metals act via different mechanisms.

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