scholarly journals COLLECTIVIZATION OF ZHYTOMYR REGION AGRICULTURE (A STUDY OF GOLISHI AND MAIDAN VILLAGES OF OLEVSK DISTRICT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurylchuk

At the current stage of historical heritage realization the problems of political and economic transformations in Zhytomyr region during the late 1920s mid–1930s require systematic review. The significance of the study is determined by the scope of numerous problems as well as immensely vast study material available. Hundreds of thousands of cases in state repositories and archives are still not introduced into scientific circulation due to the lack of national, regional and local research directions. That is why a detailed analysis of implementation methods and collectivization consequences in Olevsk district villages is of major importance for a comprehensive study of the region history and the country as a whole. To conduct our investigation we have used general scientific and special historical methods such as comparative-historical and critical, generalization and systematization, problem-chronological, biographical, archive heuristics, statistical and analytical methods, and others. The study presents the documentary material from the State Archives of Zhytomyr region and Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The article provides the analysis of some archival criminal investigations and focuses on the fates of some Olevsky district residents. Information capabilities of the specified number of documents for the study of collectivization, political repressions against the richest rural representatives and those who tried to resist the existing regime are highlighted.

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Svitlana Markova ◽  
Olesia Stasiuk

The article attempts to generalize social and economic consequences of legitimation of the communist regime in Ukraine on the basis of analysis of historical and statistical data, and to confirm the fact of mass artificial famine in 1921–1923 and regular confiscation, export of grain and food products abroad from Ukraine. To ensure a comprehensive study of the main aspects of the research topic, we used historical, problem-chronological, historical-comparative, historical-psychological methods, as well as general scientific methods – systematization, analysis, generalization, modeling, etc. The new archival materials from the funds of State Archives of Zaporizhzhia Region were introduced into the scientific use that prove the facts of mass artificial famine of 1921–1923, as well as the materials from the State Archives of Khmelnytskyi Region that confirm the facts of regular and extra confiscations and export of grain, especially abroad. It is mentioned that after the legitimation of party and Soviet organizations in Ukrainian territories with the use of Cheka, the Bolsheviks conducted the policy of confiscations, product dictatorship, used already known and created new mechanisms of terror. In 1922, mass famine covered Zaporizhzhia province, and because of the lack of relief aid, people were physically exhausted, ate surrogates, died of starvation; there were cases of cannibalism. During 1922, the system of compulsory extra confiscations (of rye and wheat) for starving regions was introduced in the regions that suffered less, especially in Podillia province. Regular extra confiscations and export of grain from Podillia province had prolonged effects, which later led to the stagnation of agricultural sphere in the region, facts of starvation and hunger edema.


2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
D. V. Sen

The author investigated the reasons, forms and methods for sending spies from the territory of the Kuban, part of the Crimean Khanate to Russia. The Spies "subversive" activities were most often directed by the ataman Ignat Nekrasov. For the first time in academia, the author systematically analyzed the tasks assigned to these Nekrasov spies, as well as the conditions that both facilitated and hindered their implementation. Achieving the goal and objectives of this article, general scientific and special historical methods were used. The article is based on written historical sources XVIII c. from several Russian federal and state archives. The paper focuses on the geography of the "subversive" activities of such people. The analysis of their composition and the peculiarities of training to perform tasks that are not always associated with the collection of intelligence information on the territory of Russia. In addition, the reactions of various categories of Russian subjects who communicated with the spies of Ignat Nekrasov were identified and studied. Numerous search engines have been systematically analyzed, preventive measures of the Russian authorities aimed at suppressing / preventing the activities of the Nekrasov spies, as well as at their capture and organization of interrogations.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai Baranov ◽  
Elena Manasyan

This article considers the formation of archival funds about Austro-Russian relations in the late seventeenth century in one of the four departments of the Austrian State Archives (the Haus-, Hof- und Staatsarchiv of the Habsburgs). The analysis demonstrates that the archival funds formed alongside the development of the archive’s structure. The sources referred to include documents dedicated to the foreign policy contacts of the Habsburg dynasty with Russia in the late seventeenth century. The authors focus on the period when, because of the Ottoman threat, interactions between Vienna and Moscow intensified, which manifested itself in the active exchange of embassies and correspondence. The authors reveal the main type of structure of the archival funds mentioned. The collection contains several types of historical sources, among which the authors single out official letters (der Brief), instructions (die Instruktion) for Viennese representatives sent to Moscow, authentications (die Beglaubigung), decrees, minutes of audiences, envoy accounts (der Gesandtenbericht), and reports (der Bericht) of the Viennese envoys in Moscow. The characterisation of archival documents by fund and type demonstrates the deep research potential of the sources. The authors reveal that despite the long development and numerous military conflicts that influenced the preservation of the funds, the Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchiv are an institution of supranational importance, accumulating the historical heritage of Austria and Russia. The archive department contains a large array of documents shedding light on various aspects of diplomatic relations between Vienna and Moscow in the second half of the seventeenth century, making possible a comprehensive study of Habsburg contacts with Russia. This makes it necessary to consider introducing the source base into scholarly circulation.


2021 ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
P. V. Erin ◽  
V. P. Nikolashin

The article examines the period (1861-1898) after the abolition of serfdom in the region of Central Russia. This period is characterized by a difficult situation for the further development of the country in the new realities. Despite the modernization message from the upper echelons of power, in the depths of the regional elite, serf attitudes and customs were preserved, which were supported by peasant’s patriarchal psychology. In this article the information on the adjustment of the nobility and landowners to the post-reform realities, on actions to realize their interests is supplemented. In carrying out the research, general scientific and special historical methods were used. The work is based on the archival sources of the State Archive of the Tambov Region. According to the results of the study, it can be noted that the local administrative elites were inclined to expand the boundaries of their own power. The modernization impulses directed from the capital, although caught by the Tambov leadership and the nobility, were implemented in a refined manner, drawing from the local interests. With the economic crisis, the "crisis of the management elite" also grew. Local authorities were increasingly distanced from the process of agricultural modernization in the Tambov province, not realizing that the agrotechnical backwardness of the region, which was aggravating over the years, was actually turning into a hotbed of great tension and threatened with serious conflict situations.


Author(s):  
Irina Litvinova ◽  
◽  
Oksana Karagodina ◽  

Introduction. The article analyzes the history of the creation of architectural objects surrounding the main square of the city – the Square of Fallen Fighters in the pre-war period of 1928–1938. The sequence of development of the square with new buildings of the era of “industrial constructivism”, as well as the reconstruction of houses built in Tsaritsyn, is covered in detail. Methods and materials. The study is based on the objectivity principles and applies general scientific as well as specific historical methods. The authors pay attention to the facts related to solving the problems of transforming pre-war Stalingrad into a “socialist city” – the center of industry and culture in the Lower Volga region. Separate events of the first period of the assault on Stalingrad related to the defense of iconic buildings in the central part of the city, which turned into nodes of resistance of the Soviet troops in the September street battles, are considered. Buildings and structures of the pre-war period of the city’s life that represented the appearance of the urban environment of Stalingrad, including the Square of Fallen Fighters, were forever lost to posterity. The purpose of the work is to analyze the historical architectural features of the main square and the surrounding area for subsequent computer modeling of the lost historical and cultural objects of pre-war Stalingrad based on the methodology of 3D reconstruction of structures. This approach to the historical heritage, which the city lost during the years of harsh atheistic propaganda and war, is partly able to recreate for contemporaries and subsequent generations various stages of life in Volgograd, with a characteristic appearance and features that reflect the characteristics of the city’s environment. Historical and analytical material is necessary for compositional modeling, which will allow reconstructing architectural objects of pre-war Stalingrad for further research and use in the development of a virtual tour.


2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurylchuk

The purpose of the study is to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the Soviet-Polish border and the impact of territorial changes on the daily lives of residents of the “Olevsk Borderline”, in particular through the emergence of mass illegal border crossings related to smuggling. The research methodology involves a combination of general scientific and special-historical methods of research: problem-chronological, retrospective comparative, historical-genetic, source critical, archival heuristics, which have helped to identify, process and systematize the available factual material. Scientific novelty of the research. The author for the first time introduces into scientific circulation materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr Oblast, which allow to trace the development of banditry in these areas, show the level of economic development of the region and explain the expediency of consumer smuggling. The materials of criminal-investigative cases of repressed residents of “Olevsk Borderline” on charges of espionage have been released, the information capabilities of these documents for research of the everyday history of the mentioned region have been revealed. Conclusions. The administrative-territorial changes that took place as a result of the signing of the Peace of Riga and changes in the daily lives of the inhabitants of the border areas have been described. It is shown how the weak level of border protection contributed to the violation of the border regime, contacts between the local population on both sides of the border, and became one of the reasons for the emergence of smuggling in this area.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-207
Author(s):  
Paolo Gaiardelli ◽  
Giuditta Pezzotta ◽  
Alice Rondini ◽  
David Romero ◽  
Farnaz Jarrahi ◽  
...  

AbstractRecent economic transformations have forced companies to redefine their value propositions, increasing traditional product offerings with supplementary services—the so-called Product-Service System (PSS). Among them, the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies is very common. However, the directions that companies are undertaking to offer new value to their customers in the Industry 4.0 have not yet been investigated in detail. Based on a focus group, this paper contributes to this understanding by identifying the main trajectories that would shape a future scenario in which PSS and Industry 4.0 would merge. In addition, future research directions addressing (a) the transformation of the PSS value chain into a PSS ecosystem, (b) the transformation inside a single company towards becoming a PSS provider, and (c) the digital transformation of the traditional PSS business model are identified.


Belleten ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (294) ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Ayşe Bedi̇r

The purpose of this book review is to fulfi ll the absence of comprehensive study on the Turkey-Sweden relations both Sweden and Turkey yet. Turkey-Sweden Relations (1914- 1938) is an original work, which is suitable for scientifi c criteria and prepared as a doctoral thesis, receives the details of the relations of both countries for the fi rst time in detail, and sheds light on the last years of the Ottoman Empire and the early Republican period of Turkey. Very rich sources are used in this work with a simple language and style. As it is seen that in preparation of the book the sources of the foreign archives and local archives such as Sveria Riksarkivet (Sweden State Archives), Sveria Krigsarkivet (Sweden Military Archives), Kungliga Bibliotek (Sweden Royal Library), Uppsala University, Carolina Rediviva Library, The National Archives (London), League of Nations Photo Archive, Prime Ministry Republican Archives, Prime Ministry Ottoman Archives, Red Crescent Archives, Presidency Archive, Foreign Ministry Archives, Istanbul Sea Museum Archive, Turkish Revolution History Institute Archives have been used. Additionally, the book uses domestic and foreign literature, newspapers and magazines.


2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 504-511
Author(s):  
E. A. Sintsova ◽  
E. A. Vitsko

Aim. The presented study aims to analyze the development of the digital currency market, investigate trends for expanding the use of its tools, identify the peculiarities of the current stage of digital currency use, and consider the mechanism of introducing central bank digital currencies (CBDCs).Tasks. The authors specify the role and content of the digital currency market and its tools in the modern Russian economy; examine the formation and development of the cryptocurrency market from the perspective of introducing the “digital ruble”; identify regulatory prerequisites that hinder the development of the digital currency market; describe current trends and the mechanism of organizing the introduction of CBDCs.Methods. This article reflects a comprehensive approach to assessing the effectiveness of the use of digital currency market tools based on the use of economic-statistical and general scientific dialectical methods as well as the laws and principles of formal logic. The conducted studies and recommendations are based on statistics provided by CoinMarketCap. In particular, the methodological basis includes econometric modeling tools used to assess the cryptocurrency market in order to identify its characteristic traits and features.Results. Under modern conditions, the digital currency market is considered to be one of the main transformational elements of the digital economy. The authors focus on the prerequisites for the development and implementation of the domestic digital currency as an instrument of the national monetary policy and for ensuring the financial stability of the economy as a whole. This hypothesis is confirmed by the analysis and study of the global economic situation in the international digital currency market as well as the peculiarities of the functioning of its key components.Conclusions. In the modern context, it is important to have a theoretical and practical understanding of the conditions for the functioning of the digital currency market in the national economy and to find a comprehensive solution to issues associated with expanding the use of its tools for the development of the payment system and the formation of a favorable competitive environment.


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 135-196
Author(s):  
Piotr Dymmel

Autor zajmuje się planami Lublina, które przedstawiają cały obszar miasta w historycznym rozwoju. Plany Lublina nie tworzą dziś zwartego zbioru zgromadzonego w jednym miejscu. Ze względu na swoje funkcje, czas i okoliczności powstania, a także postać fizyczną są rozproszone zarówno w sensie przestrzennym, jak i instytucjonalnym. Najwięcej zabytków kartograficznych, przedstawiających obszar Lublina, zachowało się w archiwach państwowych w Polsce, z kolei spośród nich największy zbiór posiada Archiwum Państwowe w Lublinie. Sytuacja ta wynika zasadniczo z urzędowego charakteru tych materiałów, które od początku XIX w. były tworzone głównie dla potrzeb władz i urzędów państwowych oraz miejskich w ramach pełnionych przez nie funkcji. Powstawały one przy okazji dokumentowania różnych czynności, związanych m.in. ze zmianami własnościowymi, projektowaniem budowlanym, planowaniem urbanistycznym i zagospodarowaniem przestrzennym. Wiedza na ich temat jest niepełna, co powoduje, że stan rozpoznania i zinwentaryzowania lubelskich planów nie jest jeszcze kompletny. W Archiwum Państwowym w Lublinie jest przechowywanych około 50 planów przedstawiających całą przestrzeń Lublina. Pochodzą one z okresu prawie dwóch stuleci, od końca XVIII do połowy XX w. Plany znajdują się w różnych zespołach archiwalnych, występują w postaci kolekcji tworzonej przez pojedyncze zabytki kartograficzne lub znajdują się w ramach poszczególnych zespołów, jako dokumentacja spraw tworzona w wyniku działalności urzędów. Rozproszenie materiałów kartograficznych powoduje w konsekwencji potrzebę ich rozpoznania i opisania. Zadaniem autora jest wykonanie prac podstawowych związanych z poszukiwaniem i rejestracją oraz analizą i opisem zachowanych zabytków kartograficznych. Historical Maps of Lublin in the Collection of the State Archives in Lublin Part I: the Area of the Entire City The author discusses the maps of Lublin that present the entire area of the city in historical development. Today, the maps of Lublin do not form a coherent collection gathered in one place: on account of their functions, time, and the circumstances of their creation and also of their physical form they are dispersed, both in the spatial and institutional sense. Most of cartographic relics representing the area of Lublin are preserved in the State Archives all over Poland; the greatest collection is in turn stored in the State Archive in Lublin. This situation stems mainly from the official character of these materials which, from the beginning or the 19th century, were created generally for the needs of the authorities and state and city offices as part of their functions. They were created alongside with the documentation of various activities connected with, inter alia, changes of ownerships, construction design, urban planning, and spatial development. The knowledge on their subject is not complete – consequently, the state of identification and inventory of Lublin map is not yet complete. In the State Archive in Lublin about 50 maps representing the entire area of Lublin are stored. They come from the period of almost two centuries, from the late 18th century to the mid-20th century. The maps are kept in various archival fonds, they appear in the form of collections created by single, cartographic pieces or are within particular fonds as the documentation of cases created as a result of the activity of the offices. Consequently, the dispersion of cartographic materials necessitates their identification and description. The author’s task is to carry out the basic work connected with the search, registration, analysis, and description of the preserved cartographic materials.


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