scholarly journals “OLEVSK BORDERLINE” AFTER THE PEACE OF RIGA: BORDER PROBLEMS AND PEOPLE'S FATES

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-80
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurylchuk
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the study is to clarify the peculiarities of the development of the Soviet-Polish border and the impact of territorial changes on the daily lives of residents of the “Olevsk Borderline”, in particular through the emergence of mass illegal border crossings related to smuggling. The research methodology involves a combination of general scientific and special-historical methods of research: problem-chronological, retrospective comparative, historical-genetic, source critical, archival heuristics, which have helped to identify, process and systematize the available factual material. Scientific novelty of the research. The author for the first time introduces into scientific circulation materials of the State Archives of Zhytomyr Oblast, which allow to trace the development of banditry in these areas, show the level of economic development of the region and explain the expediency of consumer smuggling. The materials of criminal-investigative cases of repressed residents of “Olevsk Borderline” on charges of espionage have been released, the information capabilities of these documents for research of the everyday history of the mentioned region have been revealed. Conclusions. The administrative-territorial changes that took place as a result of the signing of the Peace of Riga and changes in the daily lives of the inhabitants of the border areas have been described. It is shown how the weak level of border protection contributed to the violation of the border regime, contacts between the local population on both sides of the border, and became one of the reasons for the emergence of smuggling in this area.

scholarly journals City in Dragon Circle: Study of the History of Pagoda and Its Deployment in Manado, 1819 - 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13
Author(s):  
Ivan Robert Bernadus Kaunang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Initial Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Impact

This study discusses the history of the pagoda formation and its distribution along with the presence of Chinese existence in Manado. This study also discusses the factors and the impact of the pagoda in Manado. The first pagoda in Manado was beginning to exist in 1819, and in a fairly long period until 2018, the development and distribution were very slow despite the presence of Chinese in this area since the 17th century. This study was carried out using historical methods and analysis. The data obtained were processed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results of the study show that the presence of the pagoda together with the initial settlement of Chinese people brought by the Dutch VOC was aimed to build the fort of Fort Amsterdam. Although it impressed by the slow erection and distribution of pagodas in Manado, the causal factors and the impact are interesting in relation to interfaith, interethnic relations, urban expansion, religious space contestation, opening wider economic access and become tourism destinations.

scholarly journals First Migration of Peoples and Zarubinets Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-78
Author(s):  
Mikhail Gusakov
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Internal Development ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Archaeological Cultures ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to one event in ancient history, called ‘The First Migration of Peoples,’ which was studied and commented on many times when the Germanic tribes Cimbri and Teutons carried out many years of displacement in the space of Central Europe. Despite their defeat by Rome, this event caused a powerful movement of other tribes, especially towards Eastern Europe, where many new archaeological cultures were formed. Among them, a special place is occupied by the Zarubinets culture and its part in the history of Eastern Europe. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of Zarubinets culture in the history of eastern Europe. The research methodology consists in the use of general scientific, special and interdisciplinary methods. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the Zarubinets culture of Eastern Europe is considered against the background of the Western European tribe’s movement due to Roman expansion. Conclusions. The question of the Zarubinets culture's origin is still debatable. Now there is no particular objection to the opinion that the genesis of Zarubinets culture was a complex process that reflected the peculiarities of both the internal development of the local population and the effects of external circumstances, reflecting the movement of tribes in the Center for Europe.

scholarly journals COLLECTIVIZATION OF ZHYTOMYR REGION AGRICULTURE (A STUDY OF GOLISHI AND MAIDAN VILLAGES OF OLEVSK DISTRICT)

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-59
Author(s):  
Natalia Kurylchuk
Keyword(s):  
State Archive ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Economic Transformations ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
Local Research ◽  
Comprehensive Study

At the current stage of historical heritage realization the problems of political and economic transformations in Zhytomyr region during the late 1920s mid–1930s require systematic review. The significance of the study is determined by the scope of numerous problems as well as immensely vast study material available. Hundreds of thousands of cases in state repositories and archives are still not introduced into scientific circulation due to the lack of national, regional and local research directions. That is why a detailed analysis of implementation methods and collectivization consequences in Olevsk district villages is of major importance for a comprehensive study of the region history and the country as a whole. To conduct our investigation we have used general scientific and special historical methods such as comparative-historical and critical, generalization and systematization, problem-chronological, biographical, archive heuristics, statistical and analytical methods, and others. The study presents the documentary material from the State Archives of Zhytomyr region and Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The article provides the analysis of some archival criminal investigations and focuses on the fates of some Olevsky district residents. Information capabilities of the specified number of documents for the study of collectivization, political repressions against the richest rural representatives and those who tried to resist the existing regime are highlighted.

scholarly journals Some aspects of life of prosphora bakers from the clergy of the Tobolsk diocese in the 19th and early XX century

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
A. V. Spichak
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Hiring Process ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
State Archives

The study addresses some aspects of the life experience of female prosphora bakers from the clergy in the Tobolsk diocese, Russian Empire, in the 19th and early 20th century. The research objectives were to investigate opportunities and difficulties that women faced trying to get the job of a prosphora baker, and to find out reasons why women would seek this position. The sources of information for the research were previously unexamined archival documents preserved in the State Archives in Tobolsk. General scientific, historical and special methods of records management were also used. The main problem for jobseekers was the fact that one parish most often required only one prosphora maker, and there were usually more people willing to take this position. It was up to the diocesan authorities to decide which candidate needed the job more, but the parishioners could also take part in the hiring process by submitting their letter of consent. In the modern period of Russian Orthodox Churchs resurgence, it is especially important to study how the clergy would manage their daily living needs in dioceses. The positive experience of the past can help improve the system of social relief in our time. The results of the research can be useful to archivists in their professional activities and to educators in developing courses on the history of Russia and records management.

scholarly journals ZHYTOMYR NEWSPAPER “THE VOICE OF VOLYN” IN THE GERMAN INFORMATION SPACE (OCTOBER 1941-1943)

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
Sergii Stelnykovych
Keyword(s):  
Information Space ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Independence Movement ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Occupied Territory ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Anti Jewish ◽  
Historical Methods

This paper aims to consider the newspaper “Voice of Volyn”, published in Zhytomyr in 1941-1943, as part of the German information space during the Second World War. The methodology of the study incorporates general scientific and special historical methods alongside with the fundamental principles of historical research: historicism, scientificity, objectivity, and systematicity. The principles of historicism and scientificity have contributed to the complex representation of the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in interconnection and interrelation with the events of that period. The principle of objectivity has facilitated the analysis of the discussed issue considering the objective historical regularities based on a comprehensive analysis of the existing specialized literature and sources. The principle of systematicity has allowed to obtain a holistic picture of the Zhytomyr newspaper “Voice of Volyn" as a component of the German information space on the occupied territory of Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the paper is conditioned by the fact that it is the first research discussing the history of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” in the context of the German information space in 1941-1943 on the basis of a comprehensive range of historical sources. The author concludes that the activities of the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” can be divided into two periods: from October to the second half of November 1941, and from the second half of November 1941 until the end of the Nazi occupation. At the first stage, under the German military administration, the newspaper was controlled by the representatives of the independence movement, who exploited the newspaper to promote their own ideas. In the second stage, after the establishment of the German civil authorities, the newspaper “Voice of Volyn” was deprived of the independence movement’s influence and turned into an important information and propaganda press organ of the occupation authorities. The newspaper “Voice of Volyn” represented three directions of German propaganda: anti-Soviet propaganda; anti-Jewish propaganda; and propaganda aimed at supporting the occupation economic activities.

scholarly journals STRUGGLE AGAINST CHOLERA EPIDEMICS IN IMPERIAL TIME KHARKIV AS A SIGNIFICANT FACTOR OF PUBLIC HEALTH: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 1241-1244
Author(s):  
Ihor Yu. Robak ◽  
Volodymyr A. Alkov ◽  
Hanna L. Demochko ◽  
Oleksandr V. Chernukha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The Public ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Strict Compliance ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The Impact

The aim: The aim of the research is to determine and systematize administrative and medical measures aimed at curbing cholera in the city of Kharkiv in the time of the Russian Empire, to assess the relevance of the experience in fighting the disease, to determine the impact of epidemics and anti-epidemic measures on Kharkiv residents’ public health. Materials and methods: General scientific and specific historical methods were used, and methods of related sciences were applied as well. The main methods of historical research included, in particular, historical analytical, chronological and comparative historical; methods of medical statistics, etc. The historiography of the issue was analyzed, unpublished archival materials, local press were studied. Conclusions: Despite the progress made, mortality remained high in general, proving the public health system had to be reorganized. The death rate shocked the local community so much that the authorities had to apply an information blockade. Anti-epidemic components included explanatory work by priests and police, sanitary measures, measures on strict compliance with observation and quarantine, food supplies to the blocked city and free medicine dispensation, involvement of all available medical institutions, and the establishment of special temporary facilities, actual mobilization of medical personnel. It was impossible to act in the other way, because the treatment methods seemed to be ineffective, like today, under the COVID-19 pandemic. When the medical component is proved ineffective in fighting the epidemic, relatively effective administrative measures, tried and tested over the centuries reasonably seem to be useful, and this experience has not lost its relevance.

scholarly journals T. G. Masaryk and the Ukrainian Question in the Documents of the Representation of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Kravchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Support ◽  
Source Analysis ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Foreign Ministers ◽  
Historical Methods

The purpose of the article is to analyze the representation’s report of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague on the attitude of the president of Czechoslovakia T. G. Masaryk to the Ukrainian question. The research methodology is based on the research principles of historicism, scientificity, objectivity, general scientific methods (source analysis, historical and logical) and special historical methods (narrative and problem-chronological). The scientific novelty of the work is that the article on the basis of archival and published materials, in particular, the letters of the heads of the representation of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic in Prague to the foreign ministers of the state, analyzes the attitude of the first president of Czechoslovakia to the Ukrainian question. Conclusions. Masaryk’s attitude to the Ukrainian question is considered in the context of establishing relations between Czechoslovakia and the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in late 1918 – early 1919, the desire of ones in 1920-1923 to gain the support of Prague in ensuring the recognition of the Entente countries the independence of this state, discussion of the case of assisting for Ukrainian emigrants in Czechoslovakia. In the article were noted the changes in the position of the Czechoslovak president in the Ukrainian question. In his work «New Europe» (1918), he supported the idea of the uniting of the Dnieper region, Eastern Galicia and Bukovina considering it necessary to preserve it as part of the federal democratic Russian state. In early 1919 president of the Czechoslovak Republic was ready to recognize the independence of the Ukrainian People’s Republic, which was revived during the anti-Hetman uprising. But made the final decision dependent on the position of the Entente states at the peace conference in Paris. The coverage of the perception of the Ukrainian question by T. G. Masaryk in 1920-1921 by the representatives of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic in Prague testifies to his return to the concept set forth in the work «New Europe». Reports from representatives of the Western Ukrainian People’s Republic allow a more complete study of the circumstances that made it impossible for it to gain political support from Czechoslovakia. Given this, as well as the issues of the Czechoslovak Republic’s policy in Transcarpathia and on emigration were raised in the reports of the representation, these documents are an important source for studying the history of Czechoslovak-Ukrainian relations.

scholarly journals Z Kaliningradu na Кёнигсберг – zapotrzebowanie społeczne czy marzenie nielicznych? Społeczna inicjatywa zmiany nazwy miasta

2015 ◽  
pp. 131-142
Author(s):  
Miłosz J. Zieliński
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Kaliningrad Oblast ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Kaliningrad into Кёнигсберг – a social need or a dream of a few? Societal initiative for a change of the city’s nameKaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation has been subject to manifold social processes due to its specific history, geographic conditions and other factors. Some of the former resulted in rejecting numerous elements of the Soviet past by a part of the local population. This included the very name of Kaliningrad, as a tribute paid to Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin who has been considered one of the state and party officials responsible for mass purges in the 1930s and 1940s.the purpose of the article is to analyse the initiative put forward by a group of social activists to change the name ‘Kaliningrad’ into ‘Кёнигсберг’ (Königsberg), that is to return to the pre-war name of the city. As authors of the petition refer to previous attempts of changing the name and use them as an important part of their reasoning, the history of the notion has also been outlined with emphasis on the December 1988 discussion noted by Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, then a Communist Party official.In the article, a brief introduction of the petition is followed by main arguments used by its supporters and the discussion which the document triggered among the local administration and in the media, in particular the Internet. The discussion concentrated on two aspects of the petition. First, controversies around procedural handling of the petition by Kaliningrad Duma. Secondly, fierce debates about phrases used in the document and their political significance in the context of the contemporary identity of Kaliningrad Oblast.Results of the debate and the impact the petition had on broader public opinion, both in Kaliningrad Oblast and the whole of Russia, turned out to be meagre. Only 400 signatures were collected across the country to support the idea. No decisive measures were taken on the administrative level such as moving the initiative toward a referendum. No agreement was reached between those who wish to turn the whole notion down and those who would like to postpone the final decision to a more distant future.In conclusion, it is worth noting that despite the obvious failure of the petition the discussion showed considerable social activity in Kaliningrad Oblast, especially on the part of the younger generation. This was reflected by a number of threads and posts in electronic media, many of which served as a basis for a constructive debate with relatively few irrelevant (insulting, aggressive and vulgar) arguments. On the other hand, the article shows that there is still considerable nostalgia for the Soviet Union and its artifacts in Kaliningrad Oblast.

scholarly journals ACTIVITIES OF THE SPIES OF ATAMAN NECRASOV ON THE TERRITORY OF THE RUSSIAN STATE (1708-1720s) PART 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
D. V. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Search Engines ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Russian State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
First Time

The author investigated the reasons, forms and methods for sending spies from the territory of the Kuban, part of the Crimean Khanate to Russia. The Spies "subversive" activities were most often directed by the ataman Ignat Nekrasov. For the first time in academia, the author systematically analyzed the tasks assigned to these Nekrasov spies, as well as the conditions that both facilitated and hindered their implementation. Achieving the goal and objectives of this article, general scientific and special historical methods were used. The article is based on written historical sources XVIII c. from several Russian federal and state archives. The paper focuses on the geography of the "subversive" activities of such people. The analysis of their composition and the peculiarities of training to perform tasks that are not always associated with the collection of intelligence information on the territory of Russia. In addition, the reactions of various categories of Russian subjects who communicated with the spies of Ignat Nekrasov were identified and studied. Numerous search engines have been systematically analyzed, preventive measures of the Russian authorities aimed at suppressing / preventing the activities of the Nekrasov spies, as well as at their capture and organization of interrogations.

scholarly journals The Changes In Calendars In The Ancient World As A Tool To Teach The Development Of Astronomy

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-84
Author(s):  
Ariel Cohen
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
History Of Astronomy ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Hebrew University ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Improved Accuracy ◽  
The Impact

When teaching an introductory science survey course to college students learning astronomy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, we have devoted four hours to teaching the history of astronomy as a fruitful strategy to introduce important concepts surrounding the development of general scientific knowledge throughout history. In order to illustrate the impact of improved accuracy of astronomical measurements, we propose using the example the development of the calendars and, in particular, the widespread Hebrew calendars used throughout the adjacent Millennia of B.C. and A.C. The changes in the several determinations of the Hebrew calendar are demonstrated based on Babylonian and Jewish documents as well as works by al-Khwarizmi from the 9th century AD, found in the Khuda Bakhsh Oriental Library, in Patna India.  Our experience suggests that the teaching of calendar development and evolutions demonstrates the interconnectedness between scientific endeavors and social-religious traditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document