scholarly journals Nosocomial infections in the Intensive care unit: global problem of modern medicine

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Zara Vezirova
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
The Us ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Increased volume of surgical interventions, improvement of efficiency of special treatment modalities and modes of respiratory support, as well as development of new generation antibiotic medications has led to significant improvement of clinical outcomes of intensive therapy for critical conditions. At the same time, introduction of innovative and largely invasive interventions resulted in the emergence of new disease entities. Presently, the development of hospital-acquired infections (HAI) has become one of the riveting and serious problems of modern hospitals. These infections often lead to prolonged hospital stay, which in turn adds to the morbidity and mortality, worsen patient quality of life and also has significant economic consequences [1-5]. There are number of varying definitions of infections related to medical care [6]. According to the WHO, infections that develop 48 hours after hospitalization, excluding the incubation period, are called hospital-acquired or nosocomial infections. Some authors also include here infections that develop 4 weeks after patient’s discharge from hospital or 30 days after surgical interventions are also included in this category. Infections that develop within 30 days after last chemotherapy in patients with metastatic cancer are also included as additional criteria according to a medical literature [7]. Other authors conclude that readmission of patients with established infection that was the result of previous hospitalization as well as any infectious diseases of hospital employee that develops secondary to the work in the hospital, irrespective to the time of onset of symptoms (during or after the hospital visit or stay) shall also be regarded as the hospital-acquired infections (HAI) [8-10]. The average prevalence of HAI is around 3.5-10.5% or 9.0-91.7 cases per 1000 patient-days [11]. It is estimated that the probability of infectious complications increases after five days of hospitalization [12]. According to the modern medical knowledge, the prevalence of HAI of various causes among the hospitalized patients in North America and Europe is around 5-10% and those in Latin America and Asia is around 40% [13,14]. The mortality among patients with HAI is seven times higher than among other patients aligned based on age, sex, main disease and comorbidities and severity of disease. According to the official statistics, HAIs are fourth most common cause of mortality in the US leading to 90.000 deaths annually. Annual economic burden and additional costs associated with the treatment of HAIs in the US is about 2.4-4.5 billion US dollars [15-17].

HOSPITAL INFECTION IN SURGICAL DEPARTMENTS AT HUE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL IN 2015

2016 ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Dinh Binh Tran ◽  
Dinh Tan Tran
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospital Infections ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Objective: To study nosocomial infections and identify the main agents causing hospital infections at Hue University Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 385 patients with surgical interventions. Results: The prevalence of hospital infections was 5.2%, surgical site infection was the most common (60%), followed by skin and soft tissue infections (35%), urinary tract infections (5%). Surgical site infection (11.6%) in dirty surgery. There were 3 bacterial pathogens isolated, including Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcusspp (25%). Conclusion: Surgical site infection was high in hospital-acquired infections. Key words: hospital infections, surgical intervention, surgical site infection, bacteria

scholarly journals HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
SHAZIA QAYYUM ◽  
BUSHRA Waqas ◽  
ABDUL SATTAR
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Surgical Unit

Nosocomial infections may be defined as the infections which develop within hospital. There are different types of microorganisms which are involved along with other agents for the spread of these infections. Knowledge about the spread and prevention of these infections is the basic step for control. Hospital staff especially the doctors should be aware about the precautions to control the spread of there infections. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of doctors about hospital acquired infections and its prevention. Study designs: descriptive study Settings and period: In surgical unit of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from 15th June 2006 15th July 2006. Materials and methods: Study population was consisted on 71 doctors including Consultants, Medical Officers and House Officers. Data was collected with the help of questionnaires. Results: Results showed that majority of doctors were aware about nosocomial infections (N.I) but have weak knowledge about their routes of transmission and common types of N.I. Conclusions: The study revealed that doctors have sufficient knowledge regarding N.I and its prevention but certain weakness were observed.

scholarly journals HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 168-173
Author(s):  
SHAZIA QAYYUM ◽  
BUSHRA WAQAS ◽  
ABDUL SATTAR
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Prevention Study ◽  
Basic Step ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Surgical Unit

Nosocomial infections may be defined as the infections which develop within hospital. There are different types of  microorganisms which are involved along with other agents for the spread of these infections. Knowledge about the spread and prevention of these infections is the basic step for control. Hospital staff especially the doctors should be aware about the precautions to control the spread of there infections. Objectives: To assess the knowledge of doctors about hospital acquired infections and its prevention. Study designs: descriptive study Settings and period: In surgical unit of Allied Hospital Faisalabad from 15th June 2006 15th July 2006. Materials and methods: Study population was consisted on 71 doctors including Consultants, Medical Officers and House Officers. Data was collected with the help of questionnaires. Results: Results showed that majority of doctors were aware about nosocomial infections (N.I) but have weakknowledge about their routes of transmission and common types of N.I. Conclusions: The study revealed that doctors have sufficient knowledge regarding N.I and its prevention but certain weakness were observed.

scholarly journals Co-delivery of nitric oxide and antibiotic using polymeric nanoparticles

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1016-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy-Khanh Nguyen ◽  
Ramona Selvanayagam ◽  
Kitty K. K. Ho ◽  
Renxun Chen ◽  
Samuel K. Kutty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired

The rise of hospital-acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections, is a growing concern in intensive healthcare, causing the death of hundreds of thousands of patients and costing billions of dollars worldwide every year.

Nosocomial Infections in a New Medical Center, Turkey

2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 534-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bengül Durmaz ◽  
Riza Durmaz ◽  
Bariş Otlu ◽  
Emine Sönmez
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
General Surgery ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Bed Capacity ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Nosocomial infection was found in 255 (2.5%) of 10,164 inpatients in a new medical center with a 310-bed capacity. The infection rate was 12.5% in the intensive care unit, 9.5% in neurology, 5.5% in general surgery, and 4.0% in orthopedics. Rates in the other services were lower. Hospital-acquired infections in our medical center frequently involved multiply resistant Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Quality of Medico-technical Equipment Sterilization in National University Hospital of Cotonou in Benin in 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgard-Marius D. Ouendo ◽  
Cyriaque Dégbey ◽  
Sossa J. Charles ◽  
Judith Sègnon ◽  
Jacques Saizonou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
National University ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Backgrounds: In low income countries, hospital-acquired infections continue to develop in hospitalized patients, and may also affect medical staff. Medico-technical equipment sterilization is critical for prevention and safety care of nosocomial infections. Objective: To assess the quality of medico-technical equipment sterilization at the National University Hospital of Cotonou in 2013. Method: This cross-sectional and evaluative study was conducted at the National University Hospital of Cotonou from 10th June to 04th July 2013. A sample of 51 health workers involved in the of medico-technical equipment sterilization system, two (02) administrative authorities, the responsible of National Committee for the Fight against nosocomial infections in the hospital, 41 sterilized instruments and compresses were assessed in the study. Health workers were observed in their work environment before undergoing an individual interview as well as the administrative authorities and the Responsible of the National Committee for the Fight against nosocomial infections. Sterilized instruments are analyzed in microbiology laboratory. Results: More than half of the participants were male (52.9%). The average age of respondents was 41 ± 7.5 years. The sterilization unit of the hospital was managed by common surgical department of the hospital and its mission was to provide sterile medico-technical equipment. The sterilization unit did not meet the standard architecture of sterilization environment. Equipment sterilization procedure did not meet standards of quality assurance. There was no preventive maintenance procedure for autoclave and poupinel that were used for sterilization of instruments. No indoor cleaning and air sterilization of the service of sterilization were planned. However, equipment sterilization supplies were available, and 13.72% of workers surveyed were well-skilled. Microbiological tests showed that 48.8% of sterilized medical equipment was contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae. Conclusion: The quality of instrument sterilization system in the HKM National University hospital of Cotonou was poor. Sterilized equipment was contaminated by pathogens. Medical equipment sterilization process needs improvement to prevent hospital-acquired infections.

scholarly journals An effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 on the risk of nosocomial infections, hospitalization time and mortality in hospitalized elderly population. A preliminary report

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Dorota Leszczyńska ◽  
Agata Tuszyńska ◽  
Magdalena Zgliczyńska ◽  
Wojciech Zgliczyński ◽  
Waldemar Misiorowski
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Single High Dose ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Observational studies indicate a significant impact of serum 25(OH)D concentration on incidence of hospital-acquired infections. However, we did not find any interventional study assessing the effect of vitamin D3 administration at the admission on the course of further hospitalization in internal medicine departments. Objective of the paper: Investigation of the impact of one-time high-dose vitamin D3 administration in elderly patients on the day of urgent admission to the hospital, on hospital-acquired infections. Materials and methods: A randomized, two-arms, open pilot study in 97 adults aged 60-100. A study group was given a single dose of 60,000 IU vitamin D3 and a control group was not subject to any intervention. Serum 25(OH)D and calcium were measured at the baseline and after 7 days. Results: 77.32% of studied patients were vitamin deficient, and among those, in 28.87% severe vitamin D deficiency was found. After single administration of 60,000 IU of vitamin D3, only 4 patients achieved recommended serum 25(OH)D concentration. The highest increase in serum 25(OH)D was observed in patients with severe deficiency. Numbers of observed nosocomial infections such as flu, hospital-acquired pneumonia or Klebsiella pneumoniae MBL+ infection did not differ significantly between study and control group, however there was a trend close to significance for lower incidence of Clostridium difficile infection in the vitamin D3 group. Conclusions: Preliminary results of the presented research indicate possible protective effect of single high dose of vitamin D3 against Clostridium difficile infection during hospitalization. Further research on larger group of patients, using higher dose of vitamin D3 is necessary.

scholarly journals HOSPITAL ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN A MEDICAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT- A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-38
Author(s):  
Dr Anbarasu. D ◽  
Nirmal kumar N S ◽  
Kundana Kundana
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Critical Care Unit ◽  
Medical Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Medical Intensive Care ◽  
Time Of Admission ◽  
Hospital Acquired ◽  
Systemic Condition

Infections in critical care unit are high, and of serious hospital problems. Infections acquired during the hospital stay are generally called nosocomial infections, initially known as infections arising after 48 h of hospital admission.[1,2] National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance system defines a nosocomial infection as a localized or systemic condition that results from adverse reaction to the presence of an infectious agent (s) or its toxin (s) that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to the hospital.[1]

scholarly journals HELICS: a European project to standardise the surveillance of hospital acquired infection, 1994-1995

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mertens ◽  
J. M.J van den Berg ◽  
J Fabry ◽  
O. B Jepsen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Regional Networks ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infection ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
European Project ◽  
The Us ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hospital Acquired

During the 1990s several European countries began to set up national or regional networks for the surveillance of hospital acquired infections. Most of these networks were based on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Nosocomia

scholarly journals Az infekciókontroll mérföldkövei – történelmi kitekintés

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Ágnes Glózik
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infections ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Infectious diseases and epidemics associated since ever the men’s history. In each historical age, arose different methods and theories about treating and preventing infectious diseases. It is important to separate hospital-acquired infections and community-acquired infectious diseases. Within epidemiology, a specific branch deals with nosocomial infections. The most important goal is their prevention named as infection control. To be able to assess the extent of current progress in nosocomial infections, it is important to understand the history of infection control, which is nowadays a worldwide program because healthcare-associated infections affected hundreds of millions of patients every year.

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