scholarly journals Selective toxicityof acetamiprid and fipronil as a part of insecticidal baits

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Mikhail Alekseevich Levchenko ◽  
Elena Anatolyevna Silivanova ◽  
Ruzilya Husanovna Bikinyeva
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Selective Toxicity ◽  
Intestinal Activity ◽  
Binary Formulation ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Active Substances

Monocomponent and combined insecticidal baits containing acetamiprid and fipronil are proposed to control the housefly Musca domestica at livestock facilities. The combination of active ingredients increases the insecticidal activity of formulations and simultaneously may lead to an increase in their toxicity to animals. The purpose of this work was to assess the selective toxicity of acetamiprid and fipronil as parts of mono- and bicomponent insecticides. The intestinal activity of insecticides against adult houseflies was assessed by no-choice feeding tests. The acute toxicity of insecticidal baits to animals was carried out by feeding to white mice. Probit analysis was used to calculate of median lethal doses of active ingredients and insecticidal baits. The selective toxicity was evaluated by the selective toxicity ratio, which was calculated by dividing the median lethal doses (LD50) of the active ingredients for white mice into LD50 for adult flies. The median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil when applied alone for adult flies were 2.412 (2.023-2.862) and 0.087 (0.0285-0.2659) μg of active ingredient per g of insect weight, respectively. The insecticidal activity of active ingredients, applied in combination, against adult flies increased by 15 and 5 times, respectively. For the toxicity to mice, median lethal doses of acetamiprid and fipronil in formulations containing only one of the active substances were 94.9 (88.5 - 101.8) mg/kg and more than 22.5 mg/kg of animal weight, respectively. The selective toxicity ratio of fipronil in the monocomponent formulation was 6.8 times higher than that of acetamiprid. For the binary formulation, the selectivity of fipronil and acetamiprid activity was equal. The combination of acetamiprid and fipronil resulted in an increase in their toxicity for adults Musca domestica and for white mice and a change in the selectivity of their activity compared to monocomponent formulations.

scholarly journals Resistance of House Fly, Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae), to Five Insecticides in Zhejiang Province, China: The Situation in 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Na Wang ◽  
Juan Hou ◽  
Yu-Yan Wu ◽  
Song Guo ◽  
Qin-Mei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Lethal Doses

Objectives. High dependency on pesticides could cause selection pressure leading to the development of resistance. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of the house fly, Musca domestica, to five insecticides, namely, permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, propoxur, and dichlorvos, in Zhejiang Province. Methods. Field strains of house flies were collected from the 12 administrative districts in Zhejiang Province in 2011, 2014, and 2017, respectively. Topical application method was adopted for the bioassays. The probit analysis was used to determine the median lethal doses with the 95% confidence interval, and then the resistance ratio (RR) was calculated. The insecticides resistance in different years and the correlations of the resistance between different insecticides were also analyzed. Results. The resistance of field strains house flies to insecticides in Zhejiang Province was relatively common, especially for permethrin, deltamethrin, and beta-cypermethrin. The reversion of the resistance to dichlorvos was found, and most of the field strains in Zhejiang Province became sensitive to dichlorvos in 2017. Propoxur was much easier to cause very high level of resistance; the Hangzhou strain had the highest RR value more than 1000 in 2014, and five field strains had the RR value more than 100 in 2017. Compared to 2011 and 2014, the resistance of the house flies to propoxur and deltamethrin increased significantly in 2017. The resistance of permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur was significantly correlated with each other, and the resistance of dichlorvos was significantly correlated with beta-cypermethrin. Conclusions. Our results suggested that resistance was existed in permethrin, deltamethrin, beta-cypermethrin, and propoxur in the house flies of Zhejiang Province, while the resistance reversion to dichlorvos was found.

scholarly journals Drugs, Active Ingredients and Diseases Database in Spanish. Augmenting the Resources for Analyses on Drug–Illness Interactions

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Irene López-Rodríguez ◽  
César F. Reyes-Manzano ◽  
Israel Reyes-Ramírez ◽  
Tania J. Contreras-Uribe ◽  
Lev Guzmán-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Active Substances

Quantitative and qualitative data on active-ingredient drug composition are essential information for characterizing near-field exposure of consumers to product-related chemicals, among other things. Equally as important is the characterization of the relationship between one or many active ingredients in terms of the diseases they are prescribed for. Such evaluations, however, require quantitative information at different anatomical levels. To complement the available sources of information on active substances and diseases, we have designed a database with enough versatility to potentially be used in a variety of analyzes. By using information provided by a well-established online pharmacological dictionary, we present a database with 11 tables which are easy to access and manipulate. Specifically, we present datasets containing the details of 12,827 marketed drug products, 40,164 diseases, 6231 active pharmaceutical ingredients and 4093 side effects. We exemplify the usefulness of our database with three simple visualizations, which confirm the importance of the data for quantifying the complexity in the associations among active substances, diseases and side effects. Although there are databases with detailed information on active substances and diseases, none of them can be found in Spanish. Our work presents an option that contributes substantially to obtaining well classified information in order to evaluate the roles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, diseases and side effects. These datasets also provide information about clinical and pharmacological groupings which may be useful for clinical and academic researchers. The database will be regularly updated and extended with the newly available Virtual Medicinal Products.

scholarly journals Insecticidal and repellent activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera Y. Fujita (Ho-Sho) and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J Presl. var. hosyo (Hon-Sho) on Sitophilus zeamaisMots. (Coleoptera, Curculionedae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (4 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 769-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. CANSIAN ◽  
V. ASTOLFI ◽  
R.I. CARDOSO ◽  
N. PAROUL ◽  
S.S. ROMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Sitophilus Zeamais ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Cinnamomum Camphora ◽  
Preference Index ◽  
Lethal Doses ◽  
Repellency Activity

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal and repellency activity of the essential oil of Cinnamomum camphora var. linaloolifera Y. Fujita (Ho-Sho) and Cinnamomumcamphora (L.) J Presl.var. hosyo (Hon-Sho), against the Sitophilus zeamais in maize grains. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS.The insecticidal activity was determined by the toxicity of different concentrations of essential oils during 24 hours of contact with the insects, in the absence of feed substrate. The Bioassays of repellency were conducted with lethal doses (LD50,LD25,and LD12.5) obtained from insecticidal bioassay. In order to compare the treatments the preference index (PI) was employed. The analysis of the essential oils of Cinnamomum camphora leaves indicated 68% of camphor and 9% of linalool for the variation Hon-Sho and 95% of linalool to the variation Ho-Sho. The variation Ho-Sho presented greatest insecticidal activity than the variation Hon-Sho against the Sitophiluszeamais, with LD50 of 0.35 μL/cm2, whereas in the variation Hon-Sho the ratewas 0.48 μL/cm2. However, considering only the concentrations of linalool and camphor of Ho-Sho and Hon-Sho, the lethal doses’ evaluation of these compounds were similar. The values of the preference index ranged from -0.3 to -0.8 for thevariation Ho-Sho and -0.2 to -0.7 for the variation Hon-Sho. The essential oils evaluated in this work showed repellent activity against Sitophiluszeamais in vitro and in trials performed in mini-silos.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Malakite with the Active Substances Dithianon and Pyrimenthanil

2019 ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
Torsten Källqvist ◽  
Merete Grung ◽  
Katrine Borgå ◽  
Hubert Dirven ◽  
Ole Martin Eklo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Assessment Factor

The plant protection product Malakite (BAS 669 01 F), containing the active substances dithianon and pyrimethanil, is a fungicide against scab in pome fruits. Products containing these active plant protection substances are approved in Norway, but not with both substances in the same product. The Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI) has as zonal Rapporteur Member State (zRMS) of the Northern Zone evaluated the product Malakite and decided on non-approval due to the observation of unacceptable effects in exposed birds, aquatic organisms, non-target arthropods and earthworms. On request from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority, the VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products has discussed the available data and the report prepared by KemI, and has concluded as follows on the questions raised: On the refinement of DT50 in long term risk assessment for birds: It is the view of the VKM panel that the refinement is not acceptable because the analysis using first order kinetics seems not in line with a realistic and sufficiently conservative approach for the data provided. Furthermore, field studies from more sites are required. On the long term cumulative effects of the active substances on birds: VKM shares the view of KemI, that the combined sub-lethal and reproduction effects should be assessed because the mode of action of the two ingredients has only been shown in fungi, and since the mechanisms in birds could be different. On the reduction of assessment factor for fish: VKM opposes to the reduction of assessment factor for dithianon in fish because the data from acute toxicity tests cannot be extrapolated to chronic toxicity, and because the factor should reflect not only the variation in interspecies sensitivity, but also the uncertainty involved in extrapolation from laboratory tests to the field situation. On the choice of end point in risk assessment for fish: The VKM panel considers the NOEC of dithianon for fish determined from the study at pH 7.9 not to be adequate for the more acidic Norwegian surface waters, and recommends using the data from the test performed at pH 6.5. On the formulation studies for aquatic organisms: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that the formulation studies may be used together with corresponding studies with the active ingredients as long as the studies compared are performed and evaluated according to the same principles. However, VKM notes that the formulation tests as well as the tests of the active ingredients have been performed at high pH values, which are not representative to most Norwegian surface waters. Thus, the toxic effect of dithianon shown in these tests are likely to be lower than expected under typical conditions in Norway. On the assessment factors for concentration addition in fish: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that a reduction in assessment factor for one component in a mixture cannot be used for a formulation containing components for which a similar reduction has not been accepted. On effect studies of active substances and formulations on non-target arthropods: The VKM panel shares the view of KemI that the risk assessment should be based on all available information, including the studies presented for the active substances. On the endpoint in earthworm risk assessment: VKM supports the view of KemI that the observed effects of pyrimethanil on reproduction of earthworms should be considered in the risk assessment of Malakite.

Insecticidal activity of essential oils from native medicinal plants of Central Argentina against the house fly, Musca domestica (L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Palacios ◽  
Alberto Bertoni ◽  
Yanina Rossi ◽  
Rocío Santander ◽  
Alejandro Urzúa
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Central Argentina

scholarly journals Insecticidal Activity of Grape Pomaces from Two Grape Cultivars Against the Housefly (Musca Domestica L.) Under Laboratory Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul-Lateef Molan ◽  
◽  
Mohamad Q. Balasim ◽  
Nagham Y. Al-Bayati ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musca Domestica ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Grape Cultivars

scholarly journals Effect of fungicidal agents on the initial growth of spring wheat plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
VN Timofeev ◽  
O A Vyushina ◽  
V S Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract This study provides a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of active ingredients of fungicidal preparations and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizers on reducing the infection of seed and the germination of spring wheat plants in the initial phases of ontogenesis. For the research, on 8 different combinations of active ingredients fungicides in pure form and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizer. The application of fungicide did not affect the seed growth energy, but in most cases the germination rate increased by 4%. Seed dressing had a retardant effect on germination of the plant’s organs, and the fertiliser stimulating effect was shown in Variant 1 (Protioconazole + Tebuconazole + fertiliser). The efficiency of disinfectants against seed diseases reached 96% against general contamination and 56-93% against pathogenic microflora, and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizer, the efficiency is reduced by 13%. High and stable efficiency was manifested in drugs based on the active substances Tebuconazole + Flutriafol (80 + 80 g/l). Protioconazole + Tebuconazole (250+150 g/l) with net efficiency of 83-93%. As a result of the research, the effect of pickling with fungicides was determined on the basis of various combinations of active substances in pure form and with the addition of organomineral fertilizer as a growth stimulator.

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