scholarly journals Effect of fungicidal agents on the initial growth of spring wheat plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 845 (1) ◽  
pp. 012029
Author(s):  
VN Timofeev ◽  
O A Vyushina ◽  
V S Ramazanova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Pure Form ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
Active Substances

Abstract This study provides a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of active ingredients of fungicidal preparations and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizers on reducing the infection of seed and the germination of spring wheat plants in the initial phases of ontogenesis. For the research, on 8 different combinations of active ingredients fungicides in pure form and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizer. The application of fungicide did not affect the seed growth energy, but in most cases the germination rate increased by 4%. Seed dressing had a retardant effect on germination of the plant’s organs, and the fertiliser stimulating effect was shown in Variant 1 (Protioconazole + Tebuconazole + fertiliser). The efficiency of disinfectants against seed diseases reached 96% against general contamination and 56-93% against pathogenic microflora, and in a mixture with organomineral fertilizer, the efficiency is reduced by 13%. High and stable efficiency was manifested in drugs based on the active substances Tebuconazole + Flutriafol (80 + 80 g/l). Protioconazole + Tebuconazole (250+150 g/l) with net efficiency of 83-93%. As a result of the research, the effect of pickling with fungicides was determined on the basis of various combinations of active substances in pure form and with the addition of organomineral fertilizer as a growth stimulator.

scholarly journals Drugs, Active Ingredients and Diseases Database in Spanish. Augmenting the Resources for Analyses on Drug–Illness Interactions

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Irene López-Rodríguez ◽  
César F. Reyes-Manzano ◽  
Israel Reyes-Ramírez ◽  
Tania J. Contreras-Uribe ◽  
Lev Guzmán-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Active Substances

Quantitative and qualitative data on active-ingredient drug composition are essential information for characterizing near-field exposure of consumers to product-related chemicals, among other things. Equally as important is the characterization of the relationship between one or many active ingredients in terms of the diseases they are prescribed for. Such evaluations, however, require quantitative information at different anatomical levels. To complement the available sources of information on active substances and diseases, we have designed a database with enough versatility to potentially be used in a variety of analyzes. By using information provided by a well-established online pharmacological dictionary, we present a database with 11 tables which are easy to access and manipulate. Specifically, we present datasets containing the details of 12,827 marketed drug products, 40,164 diseases, 6231 active pharmaceutical ingredients and 4093 side effects. We exemplify the usefulness of our database with three simple visualizations, which confirm the importance of the data for quantifying the complexity in the associations among active substances, diseases and side effects. Although there are databases with detailed information on active substances and diseases, none of them can be found in Spanish. Our work presents an option that contributes substantially to obtaining well classified information in order to evaluate the roles of active pharmaceutical ingredients, diseases and side effects. These datasets also provide information about clinical and pharmacological groupings which may be useful for clinical and academic researchers. The database will be regularly updated and extended with the newly available Virtual Medicinal Products.

Hemodynamic control using models of electroacoustic signals of an oxygenated neuron

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
B.G. Tsugkiev ◽  
◽  
L.Ch. Gagieva ◽  
T.V. Tsugkieva ◽  
M.M. Chegaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Comparative Assessment ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Active Substances

The paper presents a comparative assessment of the nutritional value depending on the phenological phase of Onobrychis viciifolia Scop., as well as the determination of the regularity of the accumulation of biologically active substances and heavy metals in the herb of the species. The yield of green mass of plants was determined. From each hectare of sowing, 9,7 centners of protein can be obtained; the yield of fiber is 13 centners, BEV is 22,9 centners, fat is 1,6 centners, ash is 4 centners and carotene is 13.0 kg. Depending on the growing season, the chemical composition in the grass of Onobrychis viciifolia changes. The content of calcium, phosphorus increases, and the presence of iron, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese and molybdenum and amino acids decreases.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment of Malakite with the Active Substances Dithianon and Pyrimenthanil

2019 ◽  
pp. 312-314
Author(s):  
Torsten Källqvist ◽  
Merete Grung ◽  
Katrine Borgå ◽  
Hubert Dirven ◽  
Ole Martin Eklo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Concentration Addition ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Assessment Factor

The plant protection product Malakite (BAS 669 01 F), containing the active substances dithianon and pyrimethanil, is a fungicide against scab in pome fruits. Products containing these active plant protection substances are approved in Norway, but not with both substances in the same product. The Swedish Chemicals Agency (KemI) has as zonal Rapporteur Member State (zRMS) of the Northern Zone evaluated the product Malakite and decided on non-approval due to the observation of unacceptable effects in exposed birds, aquatic organisms, non-target arthropods and earthworms. On request from The Norwegian Food Safety Authority, the VKM Panel on Plant Protection Products has discussed the available data and the report prepared by KemI, and has concluded as follows on the questions raised: On the refinement of DT50 in long term risk assessment for birds: It is the view of the VKM panel that the refinement is not acceptable because the analysis using first order kinetics seems not in line with a realistic and sufficiently conservative approach for the data provided. Furthermore, field studies from more sites are required. On the long term cumulative effects of the active substances on birds: VKM shares the view of KemI, that the combined sub-lethal and reproduction effects should be assessed because the mode of action of the two ingredients has only been shown in fungi, and since the mechanisms in birds could be different. On the reduction of assessment factor for fish: VKM opposes to the reduction of assessment factor for dithianon in fish because the data from acute toxicity tests cannot be extrapolated to chronic toxicity, and because the factor should reflect not only the variation in interspecies sensitivity, but also the uncertainty involved in extrapolation from laboratory tests to the field situation. On the choice of end point in risk assessment for fish: The VKM panel considers the NOEC of dithianon for fish determined from the study at pH 7.9 not to be adequate for the more acidic Norwegian surface waters, and recommends using the data from the test performed at pH 6.5. On the formulation studies for aquatic organisms: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that the formulation studies may be used together with corresponding studies with the active ingredients as long as the studies compared are performed and evaluated according to the same principles. However, VKM notes that the formulation tests as well as the tests of the active ingredients have been performed at high pH values, which are not representative to most Norwegian surface waters. Thus, the toxic effect of dithianon shown in these tests are likely to be lower than expected under typical conditions in Norway. On the assessment factors for concentration addition in fish: It is the opinion of the VKM panel that a reduction in assessment factor for one component in a mixture cannot be used for a formulation containing components for which a similar reduction has not been accepted. On effect studies of active substances and formulations on non-target arthropods: The VKM panel shares the view of KemI that the risk assessment should be based on all available information, including the studies presented for the active substances. On the endpoint in earthworm risk assessment: VKM supports the view of KemI that the observed effects of pyrimethanil on reproduction of earthworms should be considered in the risk assessment of Malakite.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Giving Plant PGPR Rhizosphere Bamboo on Cocoa Seeds Germination at The Nursery Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yusril Hardiansyah ◽  
Yunus Musa ◽  
Abdul Mollah Jaya
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Special Treatment ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seed Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

The low productivity of cocoa plantations in Indonesia is partly due to the low quality of seeds, which refers to the impeded growth of cultivated cocoa nurseries. Seed is the initial growth of plants so the importance of giving special treatment to seeds will refer to better seed growth. Provision of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) microbes can produce indoleacetic acid (IAA) in plants to improve the quality of plant growth. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the provision of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria bamboo rhizosphere against cocoa seed germination. The study was carried out in the farmer group garden, Gantarangkeke District, Bantaeng. This study was arranged in the form of a two-factor factorial design (F2F) in a randomized block design (RBD). The use of cocoa seed type as the first factor consisted of GTB (Gantarangkeke Bantaeng) local cocoa seed and MCC 01 cocoa seed and seed immersion treatment at PGPR rhizosphere bamboo concentration as the second factor consisting of 0% (control) concentration, 5%, 10 % and 15%. The results obtained indicate that administration of seeds with bamboo rhizosphere PGPR affects the germination (100.00%), the speed of seed growth (7.14%/etmal), as well as on abnormal seeds (10.00%). So that the provision of bamboo rhizosphere PGPR on cocoa seeds has an effective influence on seed germination and cocoa seedling development.

Influence of a growth stimulator on the sowing traits of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R. A. Maksimova ◽  
E. M. Ermolova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat is the main and most important food crop in most countries of the world. It is cultivated in more than 80 countries. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin on the sowing traits of wheat seeds. The growth regulator Agrostimulin promotes accelerated division of plant cells, the development of a more powerful root system, an increase in the leaf surface area and chlorophyll content, reduces the phytotoxic effect of pesticides, has an antimutagenic effect, improves the quality of grown products, increases productivity, plant resistance to diseases, stress factors, resistance to adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating, lack or excess of light and moisture). Its use makes it possible to reduce the rates of application of pesticides when using the drug 3–5 times during the vegetation period. The use of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin in the cultivation of spring wheat Omskaya 36 has been reflected in the article. Studies on the sowing traits of spring wheat seeds, phenological observations have been carried out. The yield of wheat Omskaya 36 variety with the use of the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 20 c/ha, which was by 2,1 c/ha or 11,7 % higher compared to the previous year. It has been revealed that the length of the vegetation period in wheat treated with the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 89 days, which was by 7 days less compared to the control. Thus, it has been experimentally proved that the treatment of spring wheat seeds Omskaya 36 with the growth regulator Agrostimulin shortens the growing season and increases its yield.

The use of fungicidal seed disinfectants against root rot of spring wheat in the Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Kvitko ◽  
◽  
O.O. Beloshapkina ◽  
O.A. Shuklina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

the study evaluated the biological effectiveness of seed disinfectants with active ingredients from different chemical classes on the development of root rot of spring wheat in the conditions of the Moscow region in 2020.

scholarly journals Does seed size affect the germination rate and seedling growth of peanut under salinity and water stress?

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Steiner ◽  
Alan Mario Zuffo ◽  
Aécio Busch ◽  
Tiago de Oliveira Sousa ◽  
Tiago Zoz
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Important Indicator

ABSTRACT Seed size is an important indicator of physiological quality, since it may affect seed germination and seedling growth, especially under stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of seed size on germination and initial seedling growth, under salinity and water stress conditions. The treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3 × 3 factorial scheme: three seed size classes (small, medium and large) and three stress treatments (control, saline or water stress), with four replicates. Water and salt stresses do not reduce the germination rate of medium and large seeds; however, the germination rate of small seeds is reduced under salt stress conditions. Drought stress drastically reduces the shoot growth of seedlings regardless of seed size, whereas root growth is higher in seedlings from medium and large seeds under water stress conditions. Under non-stressful environments, the use of large seeds is preferable, resulting in more vigorous seedlings with a greater dry matter accumulation. Medium-size seeds are more adapted to adverse environmental conditions and, therefore, should be used under conditions of water shortage and salt excess in the soil at sowing time. Seedlings are more tolerant to salinity than to water stress during the germination stage and initial growth under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Thermal stress and physiological changes in watermelon seeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Barbosa da Silva ◽  
Marcelo do Nascimento Araujo ◽  
Fábio Luiz Santos Ornellas ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Stress Protection ◽  
Evaluation Parameters ◽  
The Ideal

ABSTRACT Given that watermelon is a crop widespread around the world, there is considerable interest in verifying how its seeds physiologically behave under unfavorable temperature conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical changes mobilization and reserves degradation, as well as the enzyme activity, during seed germination and initial growth of watermelon seedlings subjected to thermal stress, using temperature, germination percentage, germination rate and relative germination frequency over the incubation time as evaluation parameters. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme, with five temperatures (17 ºC, 20 ºC, 25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC) and three cultivars (Charleston Gray, Fairfax and Crimson Sweet), with 4 replicates of 50 seeds. Germination, seedling growth, reserve degradation and stress protection system were evaluated. Thermal stress caused deleterious effects on watermelon seeds with germination capacity at well defined temperature limits, being 25 ºC the ideal temperature, with the highest percentage of normal seedlings. Sub- (17 ºC) and supra-optimal (30 ºC) temperatures presented more than 80 % of abnormal seedlings. The α-amylase enzyme activity is intense only at the beginning of germination. Under thermal stress, the proline contents increase mainly in the cotyledons.

scholarly journals TISSUE CULTURE STUDIES ON BACTERIAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1936 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes K. Moen ◽  
Homer F. Swift
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Infectious Process ◽  
Virulent Strains ◽  
Cellular Sensitivity ◽  
Growth Energy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
In Cells

1. A high degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin toxicity was demonstrated when explants from tuberculous animals were grown in media containing that substance. 2. Similar degrees of sensitivity were noted in cells derived from animals infected with either virulent or relatively lowly virulent strains of tubercle bacilli. 3. The specificity of the tuberculin cytotoxicity was proven by testing with other bacterial cytotoxic materials. 4. Tuberculin sensitive cells grown in vitro in normal media showed, when tested with tuberculin, persistence of this cellular sensitivity through several transplantations during which time many new generations of cells developed. 5. There was a depression of the initial growth energy of explants from animals during the toxic phase of the disease. During the healing stage the initial growth energy returned to normal although marked sensitivity to tuberculin persisted. 6. The degree of cellular sensitivity to tuberculin in vitro did no parallel the acuity of the infectious process but represented a more or less permanent acquired characteristic impressed on the cell as a result of the infection.

scholarly journals Screening for Salt Tolerance in Eight Halophyte Species from Yellow River Delta at the Two Initial Growth Stages

ISRN Agronomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Xianzhao ◽  
Wang Chunzhi ◽  
Su Qing
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Yellow River Delta ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Suaeda Salsa ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Sesbania Cannabina ◽  
Tamarix Chinensis

Screening of available local halophytes for salinity tolerance is of considerable economic value for the utilization of heavy salt-affected lands in coastal tidal-flat areas and other saline areas. In this study, the germination and seedling pot experiments on salt tolerance of eight halophytic species from Yellow River Delta, China, at seven NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM), were conducted at both growth stages. Results showed that germination rate and germination index decreased with an increase in NaCl concentration. The higher germination rates were obtained from Tamarix chinensis and Suaeda salsa seeds exposed to 0~200 mM NaCl. At the seedling stage, the salt tolerances of eight halophytes were also different from each other. Tamarix chinensis had significantly greater fresh biomass and plant height in relative terms than the others in all salt treatments. The order of the relative growth yield in seedling was Tamarix chinensis > Suaeda salsa > Salicornia europaea > Limonium bicolor > Atriplex isatidea > Apocynum venetum > Phragmites australis > Sesbania cannabina. The comprehensive analysis showed that Tamarix chinensis had the highest tolerance to salt, followed by Suaeda salsa, and the salt tolerance of Sesbania cannabina was the lowest.

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