scholarly journals Cultivation of Gal?ga Orient?lis in the Upper Volga of non-chernozem zone

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Dmitry Alexandrovich Vagunin ◽  
Andrey Dmitrievich Kapsamun ◽  
Nadezhda Nikolaevna Ivanova ◽  
Nina Aleksandrovna Epifanova
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Canary Grass ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Brome Grass ◽  
Mixed Crops

Field studies were carried out at the Gubino reclamation facility located at the experimental base of VNIIMZ - a branch of the Federal Research Centre V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute in 2015-2019. We studied promising high-yielding varieties of legumes - gal?ga orient?lis, cereal rhizome grasses - awnless brome grass, canary grass and highly productive of loose shrub grass of meadow timothy. Studies have established that in the legume-cereal hay stands, the share of the gal?ga orient?lis was 18-83%. The share gal?ga orient?lis variety Gale ranged from 19 to 75%, variety Yubilyar from 18 to 79% and variety Krivich from 25 to 83%. On average, over the years of research, with two-fold mowing, the productivity of the gal?ga orient?lis and its mixtures with cereal grasses was 5.9-8.0 t / ha dry weight. The cereal grass mixture with two-cut use provided a dry matter yield at the level of 5.4-7.2 t / ha. The highest level of protein nutritional value was noted in the herbage of the gal?ga orient?lis variety Krivich 17-18%. The yield of green mass of legume-cereal hay herbage was 41.5-56.0 t / ha. Analysis of the dynamics of the density of the gal?ga orient?lis showed that the most dense was variety Krivich in single-species sowing - up to 166 pcs / m2. It was found that among the varieties of the legume component, the tallest, on average, over a five-year study were noted above-ground shoots of the gal?ga orient?lis variety Krivich - up to 117 cm. The gal?ga orient?lis had a high leafiness, the percentage of its leaves was 54-55%. In general, according to the options, the percentage of leaf apparatus in clean crops was 52-56%, in mixed crops - 48-57%. The output of fodder units was 4.7-6.8 thousand / ha.

scholarly journals Biological protection of plum from shot hole disease in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar region (Russia)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 00035
Author(s):  
Nikolai Leonov ◽  
Timur Bulgakov
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
Experimental Base ◽  
Krasnodar Region ◽  
Biological Protection ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Humid Subtropics

The article considers the biologization of plum trees protection system from shot hole disease caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Wilsonomyces carpophilus in the humid subtropics of the Krasnodar region. Several biological fungicides based on different strains of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis (Alirin-B®, Bactophyt®, Gamair®, Phytosporin-M®, Vitaplan®), the bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens (Rhizoplan®) and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum (Glyocladin® and Trichocin®) were tested on Stanley plum trees at the experimental base of the Federal Research Centre the Subtropical Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Sochi) in 2015–2017. According to seasonal features of shot hole disease and the results of experiments, the optimal timetable schedule for plum treatment with the fungicides was found (3 treatments in May–June).

BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AGROPHYTOCENOSES WITH TETRAPLOID MEADOW CLOVER

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Zh. S. Nelyubina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The Third

The biological properties of plants, their mutual relations under different growth conditions and at different periods of their life, must be known for obtaining highly productive agrophytocenoses with participation of a meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Botanical composition and fodder productivity of perennial grasses in agrocenoses with participation of meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik were studied in 2014-2017. It was revealed that in the first and second years of use the agrophytocenosis, the yield of green mass was formed due to meadow tetraploid clover, the share of its participation in the first mowing was at level of 71-87% and 64-97% respectively. Specific weight of clover in multispecies agrocenoses considerably decreased by the third year of use: in the first mowing up to 32-68%, in the second - up to 8-52%. At the same time, the percentage of long-term herbaceous grasses increased: meadow timothy (Phleum pratense L.) - up to 34-54%, eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) - up to 33%, changeable alfalfa (Medicago x varia Martyn) - up to 22-54%, lotus corniculatus (Lotus corniculatus L.) - up to 14-19%. The proportion of weed admixture in single-species clover planting was 12%, in agrocenoses - 2-14%. The grass mixtures clover + timothy and clover + alfalfa + timothy were less infested by weeds. High yield of dry weight of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use - 7.8 and 6.5 tons / ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover has decreased to 2.9 t / ha. On average, for three years of use, the highest yield (6.2-6.3 t / ha) was formed by agrocenoses meadow tetraploid clover + meadow timothy and meadow tetraploid clover + changeable alfalfa + meadow timothy.

Use of Biomonitoring to Control Toxics in the United States

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson A. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxic Pollutants ◽  
Receiving Waters ◽  
Biological Field

A biomonitoring program has been developed in support of the National Policy for the Development of Water Quality-Based Permit Limitations for Toxic Pollutants. The program focuses on the use of laboratory toxicity tests on aquatic plants and animals to predict ecosystem impact caused by toxic pollutants. Both acute and chronic toxicity tests were developed to test effluents and ambient waters. Laboratory and biological field studies were conducted at nine sites. Single species laboratory toxicity tests were found to be good predictors of impacts on the ecosystem when two or more species were used. Biomonitoring can be undertaken either on effluents and/or on the receiving waters. In that toxicity related to seeps, leachates and storm sewers has often been found upstream from dischargers, it is beneficial to conduct both effluent and ambient biomonitoring.

scholarly journals Applications of plant growth promoting bacteria and Trichoderma spp. for controlling Orobanche crenata in faba bean

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Ahmed Touny El-Dabaa ◽  
Hassan Abd-El-Khair
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Orobanche Crenata ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Abstract Background Orobanche crenata is an obligate root parasite belonging to Orbanchaceae. Broomrape causes great damage to the faba bean. Several attempts were applied for controlling parasitic weeds. So, the aim of this work is to study the application of Trichoderma spp. as well as three rhizobacteria species in comparison to herbicidal effect of Glyphosate (Glialka 48% WSC) for controlling broomrape infesting faba bean (Vicia faba). Materials and methods Three pot experiments were carried out in the greenhouse of the National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt during two successive winter seasons. Trichoderma inocula were adjusted to 3.6 × 108 propagules/ml and the bacterium inocula were adjusted at 107–109 colony-forming unit (CFU)/ml. All treatments were applied, before 1 week of sowing, at rate of 50 ml per pot in experiments I and II, while 100 ml per pot in experiment III. Results Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride and T. vierns) as well as three rhizobacteria species (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus pumilus) enhanced the growth parameters in faba bean plants, i.e. shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight and leaf number in the first experiment when applied without O. crenata infection. In the second experiment, all bio-control could protect plants against O. crenata infection, where it had better juvenile number reduction, than glyphosate after 2 months of application. Both B. subtilis and B. pumilus had the highest reduction to juvenile fresh weight, while their effect was equal to herbicide for juvenile dry weight, respectively. The bio-control agents had high effects until the 4th month, but it was less than that of the herbicide. In experiment III, the bio-control agents could highly reduce the juvenile parameters after 2 months, as well as juvenile fresh weight and juvenile dry weight after 4 months, than the herbicide, respectively. The bio-control agents were effective until 6 months, but less than the herbicide effect. All bio-control treatments highly increased the plant growth parameters, than the herbicide. Conclusion The application of Trichoderma spp. as well as rhizobacteria species could play an important role in controlling broomrape in faba bean as a natural bioherbicide.

Effect of foliar application of chelated copper and manganese on yield components and fibre properties of Egyptian cotton (Gossypium barbadense)

1993 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. M. Sawan ◽  
M. H. Mahmoud ◽  
B. R. Gregg
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Gossypium Barbadense ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Fibre Properties ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Egyptian Cotton ◽  
Cotton Cultivar

SUMMARYA decline in supplies of organic manures and the increased use of chemical fertilizers has led to a decrease in the micronutrient content of the soil, with attendant effects on yield.Field studies were conducted in 1986 and 1987 at the Giza Agricultural Research Centre, Egypt, to determine the effect of Cu-EDTA and Mn-EDTA foliar sprays on growth, mineral content, yield components and fibre properties of the Egyptian cotton cultivar Giza 75 (Gossypium barbadense L.).All combinations used significantly increased the uptake of Cu and Mn and the dry matter yield. The earliness of harvest and the value of yield components were all increased by the application of Cu or Mn; 25 mg/1 of both Cu and Mn gave the highest values. Lint percentage and fibre properties were not significantly affected.This study indicated that the yield of cotton, grown under otherwise standard conditions, may be increased by foliar sprays of Cu-EDTA and Mn-EDTA combined.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AND MIXTURES WITH DIFFERENT SOWING DATES IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
V. A. Petruk
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Sowing Period

The results of field studies for 2017 - 2019 are presented. yields of perennial grasses sown at different times of the growing season. Spring, summer, and winter sowing periods were compared. Alfalfa, clover, rump, and also their mixtures were sown in 2017 under the cover of barley. The value of the cover crop yield of spring and summer sowing periods did not differ significantly and amounted to 4-5 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. Winter barley crops have not formed. On average, over 2 years of use, the highest yields were observed in alfalfa-crust grass mixtures - 3.4 t / ha of absolutely dry matter. The lowest yield was obtained in the single-species seeding of the rump. Correspondingly, in the spring, summer and winter periods of sowing, the yield of rump was 1.6; 1.1 and 1.3 t / ha. With a late sowing period, the yield of perennial grasses is significantly lower compared to spring and summer. With winter sowing periods, the yield was the highest for grass stands of alfalfa and alfalfacrust grass mixture - 2.3 and 2.4 t / ha. It should be noted that in the second year of use, the yield by the sowing dates in single-species crops and grass mixtures is leveled. The winter crops of perennial grasses in the first year of use formed a low yield. Only in the second year (third year of life) the productivity of perennial grasses of winter sowing began to increase. Consequently, in the area under perennial grasses of the winter sowing period, during one growing season (the next year after sowing), the crop was not actually formed. Based on the data obtained, production can be recommended for spring and summer planting of perennial grasses under the cover of barley. The winter sowing period provides economically valuable crop yields only by the third year of life.

Sethoxydim and Crop Oil Concentrate Increase Pyridate Phytotoxicity in Transplanted Cabbage (Brassica oleracea)

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin R. Bellinder ◽  
Jonathan Kirkwyland ◽  
Russell W. Wallace ◽  
Marija Arsenovic
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Crop Injury ◽  
Before And After

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted in 1991 and 1992 to determine the potential for interaction among pyridate (0.5, 1.0 kg ai/ha), sethoxydim (0.22 kg ai/ha), and crop oil concentrate (COC) (1.25% v/v) applied alone or in two- and three-way combinations to transplanted cabbage. Additionally, the effect of applying sethoxydim and COC 1 and 2 d before and after application of pyridate was investigated. In greenhouse-grown cabbage, injury increased twofold and dry weight was reduced 15% when pyridate dose was doubled. Sethoxydim increased pyridate injury significantly, reducing dry weight 31%. When COC was applied with pyridate, injury increased and dry weight decreased linearly. Despite substantial crop injury 7 d after treatment with pyridate alone, pyridate + sethoxydim, and pyridate + COC, yields of field-grown cabbage were reduced significantly in 1 yr only when the three materials were combined. Pyridate injury decreased as time between sethoxydim + COC applications, before and after pyridate was applied, increased.

Row Spacing and Seeding Rate Effects on Eastern Black Nightshade (Solanum Ptycanthum) and Soybean

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne M. Rich ◽  
Karen A. Renner
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Eastern Black Nightshade ◽  
Solanum Ptycanthum ◽  
Black Nightshade ◽  
Rate Effects

Reducing seeding rates in 19- or 76-cm row soybean below the optimum rate may reduce soybean competitiveness with weeds, and indirectly increase production costs to the grower. Field studies in 2001 and 2002 evaluated the effect of soybean seeding rate and row spacing on the emergence, growth, and competitiveness of eastern black nightshade (EBN) in soybean. EBN emergence ceased within 45 d after planting (DAP), and was similar across soybean seeding rates and row spacing. EBN control by glyphosate was not affected by soybean population or row spacing. Soybean planted in 19-cm rows was more competitive with EBN, regardless of seeding rate. Increasing the soybean seeding rate in 76-cm rows from 185,000 seeds/ha to 432,000 seeds/ha reduced EBN dry weight threefold at East Lansing and nearly twofold at Clarksville in 2002. There was no increase in EBN density or dry weight in 19-cm row soybean planted at 308,000 seeds/ha compared with 556,000 seeds/ha, whereas a seeding rate of 432,000 seeds/ha in 76-cm row soybean did not suppress EBN dry weight or increase soybean yield in the presence of EBN compared with a seeding rate of 308,000 seeds/ha.

Economic and interference threshold densities of quackgrass (Elytrigia repens) in potato (Solanum tuberosum)

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Régis Baziramakenga ◽  
Gilles D. Leroux
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
Hyperbolic Function ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Dry Biomass

Field studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 at St-Augustin, Quebec, Canada, to determine the economic threshold density of quackgrass in potato. Potato yield losses due to quackgrass interference increased with quackgrass population density. Potato yield ranged from 33 to 73% in 1989, and from 19 to 44% in 1990. The relationship between potato yield losses and quackgrass densities was described by a rectangular hyperbolic function. Dry weight of quackgrass proved to be the best predictor of potato yield loss compared to shoot number. The interference thresholds for 10% potato yield loss amounted to 25 shoots m−2or 20 g total dry biomass m−2. The economic threshold varied between 0.04 and 2 shoots m−2or 0.0165 and 1.5 g total dry biomass m−2, depending on the variables considered.

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