scholarly journals Potato protection system with preparations of the company “Agrorus & Co.”

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Leonidovich Belov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Zeyruk ◽  
Marina Konstantinovna Derevyagina ◽  
Svetlana Victorovna Vasilieva ◽  
Maxim Konstantinovich Danilenkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Colorado Beetle ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Annual Weeds

The results of tests of the potato protection system with chemical preparations of the company “Agrorus & Co”  in the conditions of the Moscow region on Favorit and Sante varieties are presented. The results of the tests showed that the use of herbicides reduced the number of perennial weeds by 87,3% and annual weeds by 91,4 %. The prevalence of alternariasis on the date of the last accounting relative to the control (78,8%) decreased by 1,7 times, and the degree of development by 2,7 times, late blight – on the susceptible variety of the tops of Santa almost twice, and the degree of development by 3,4 times. The biological effectiveness against the Colorado beetle of preparations for pre-planting treatment was 96,9-100,0%, and for preparations during the growing season – 99,5-100,0%. The increase in gross and commercial yield on the Favorite variety was 56,3% and 58,2%, respectively, on the Santa variety – 31,4% and 32,8% compared to the control.

THE IMPURITY AND STRUCTURE OF WHEAT IN DEPENDENCE FROM PREDECESSORS

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Тулькубаева ◽  
Saniya Tulkubaeva ◽  
Васин ◽  
Vasiliy Vasin
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Pair Number ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Annual Weeds

The purpose of research is to develop methods of increasing and stabilization of wheat production, providing improved phytosanitary condition of crops and crop structure in the conditions of Northern Kazakhstan. Experimental studies were conducted in Kostanai Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture (Republic of Kazakhstan). In the experiment evaluated wheat predecessors in field crop rotations with different structure and set of crops (legumes, oilseeds). On average for the period 2009-2014 less clogged were the first crops of wheat after a couple more clogged – wheat crops for peas and oilseed rape. When sowing the first crop of wheat after the pair number of annual weeds during the growing season has increased by an average of 3.3 times, perennial – 1.5 times. In the case of wheat after pea content of annual weeds has increased 1.4 times, the amount of perennial weeds on average remained at the same level. When sowing wheat after oilseed rape on the period of harvesting the number of annual weeds on average increased by 1.6 times, the amount of perennial weeds decreased by 2.0 times. Thus, the level of infestation of crops the main grain of spring wheat culture in the beginning of the growing season was determined by how effective weed control in crops of previous crops, and at the end of the growing season, before the harvest, and still protect the system in the year of sowing. In terms of the productivity of the average for 2009-2014, research has proved better option sowing wheat crop after the first couple. When plant density of 195 pcs./m2 was formed 294 productive stems, ie, productive tillering was 1.5, with the number of grains per ear – 24.7 pc. and mass of 1000 seeds – 32.3 g. Good crop structure indicators wheat variations showed after peas and oilseed rape. Productive tillering in these cases was 1.4, the mass of 1000 seeds after the pea – 31.9 g, after oilseed rape – 32.0 g.

scholarly journals Efficiency of herbicides application on barley depending on the soil tillage

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
V. N. Timofeev ◽  
O. A. Vyushina
Keyword(s):  
Gray Forest Soil ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Herbicide Mixtures ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

The effect of the use of herbicide mixtures on the reduction of weeds and preservation of barley yield was studied. The experiment (2018–2019) was carried out on dark gray forest soil in the foreststeppe conditions ofTyumenregion. The experiment included two types of basic tillage: moldboard (plowing with a Lemken rotary plow at 20–22 cm) and non-moldboard (tillage with a Smaragd unit at 12–14 cm). The object of research was spring barley, Abalak variety. Biological effectiveness of herbicides, regardless of the soil tillage system, was 94–97% against dicotyledonous weeds, and 80–100% – against cereal and perennial weeds. Efficiency against the entire weed component reached 95–97.5% in 1 month after the application of herbicides, and 96–99% at the end of the growing season. The effectiveness of the use of preparations against cereal weeds was 80–90%, and the effectiveness of herbicides against dicotyledonous weeds – 97–99%. The reduction in the mass of weeds was 90–99%, mostly due to non-moldboard soil tillage. The yield level in the years of research largely depended on the soil tillage with a difference of 0.3–0.4 t in favor of moldboard system and the complex of herbicides applied. A high increase in the yield was provided by a mixture of herbicides Esteron, Speaker + Avantix Extra, Primadonna + Granat + Ovsyugen Super, which amounted to 1.16–1.22 t/ha. The application of comprehensive protection means increased the grain harvest by 1.7 t/ha.

scholarly journals Комплексная система защиты картофеля препаратами АО Фирма «Август»

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.A. Barkov ◽  
D.A. Belov ◽  
V.N. Zeyruk ◽  
G.L. Belov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Product Line ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Control Variant

Представлены результаты испытаний комплексной системы защиты картофеля препаратами АО Фирма Август . Цель испытаний оценить эффективность комплексной системы защиты картофеля с применением препаратов АО Фирма Август в условиях Московской области. Исследования проводили в институте картофельного хозяйства ВНИИКХ имени А.Г. Лорха в 2018-2019 годах на картофеле, сорт Колобок. Почва опытного участка в Коренево дерново-подзолистая супесчаная со следующими агрохимическими характеристиками: рНKCl 4,9 Нг 3,6 мг-экв./100г почвы S 2,5 мг-экв/100г почвы V 41,0 высоким содержанием подвижного фосфора 342 мг/кг почвы и ниже среднего обменного калия 64 мг/кг почвы а также с низкой гумусированностью 1,7 гумуса. Погодно-климатические условия сезонов 2018-2019 годов, в целом были благоприятные для выращивания картофеля, в 2019 году наблюдалась вспышка развития фитофтороза на картофеле. В линейке препаратов Фирмы Август имеется весь ассортимент для защиты картофеля в течение всего периода вегетации, начиная от протравливания и заканчивая десикацией и уборкой на хранение. Всхожесть, распространение и развитие болезней, сорную растительность, урожайность картофеля учитывали по методике исследований по защите картофеля от болезней, вредителей, сорняков и иммунитету. Схема защиты картофеля показала высокую эффективность в подавлении развития и распространения заболеваний. Развитие ризоктониоза в опытном варианте составило 12,5, а распространение 3,1, в контрольном варианте развитие ризоктониоза достигло 48,8, а распространение 21,6. Фунгицидные обработки также хорошо сдерживали развитие и распространение фитофтороза и альтернариоза. Развитие фитофтороза составило 3,7, а распространение 2,4, в контрольном варианте распространение фитофтороза достигло отметки 73,4, а развитие 64,9. Гербицидные обработки хорошо справились с двудольными и злаковыми сорняками биологическая эффективность достигла 93. По результатам испытаний системы защиты в условиях Московской области на сорте Колобок была показана высокая биологическая эффективность по заболеваниям, вредителя и сорным растениям на картофеле. Фактическая прибавка урожая картофеля составила 36,4 или 11,8 т/га.The results of tests of the integrated potato protection system with preparations of JSC August Inc. are presented. The purpose of the tests is to study the effect of a comprehensive protection system using the products of JSC Firm August on diseases, weeds, pests and potato yields in the Moscow region. The research was conducted at the Institute of Potato Growing after A. G. Lorch in 2018-2019 on the potatoes, Kolobok cultivar. The soil of the experimental site in Korenevo is sod-podzolic sandy loam with the following agrochemical characteristics: pHkcl 4.9 Ng 3.6 mg-EQ./100g of soil S 2.5 mg-EQ./ 100g of soil V 41.0 high content of mobile phosphorus-342 mg / kg of soil and below the average exchange potassium of 64 mg / kg of soil and also with low humus content-1.7 of humus. Weather and climate conditions of the 2018-2019 seasons were generally favorable for growing potatoes. in 2019, there was an outbreak of late blight on potatoes. The product line of the company August has a full range of products for the protection of potatoes, starting from protectants, ending with desiccation and harvesting for storage. Records of germination, diseases, weeds, potato yield were carried out using the method of research on potato protection from diseases, pests, weeds and immunity. The protection circuit of the potato showed high efficiency for the development and spread of diseases, the development of black scurf in trial variant of 12.5 and a spread of 3.1 in the control variant the development of sheath blight has reached 48.8 per cent, and the spread of 21.6. Fungicidal treatment as well constrained the development and spread of late blight and early blight. The development of late blight was 3.7, and the spread of 2.4, in the control variant, the spread of late blight reached 73.4, and the development of 64.9. Herbicide treatments coped well with dicotyledonous and cereal weeds. the biological efficiency reached 93. According to the results of tests of the protection system in the conditions of the Moscow region on the Kolobok variety, high biological efficiency was shown for diseases, pests and weeds on potatoes. The actual increase in yield on potatoes was 36.4 or 11.8 t/ha.

The effects of very deep ploughing and of subsoiling on crop yields

1956 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Complete Inversion

1. Deep tillage, namely, ploughing to a depth exceeding 12 in., or subsoiling to a depth of about 18 in., increased crop yields on about half the fields in which an experiment was made. Unfortunately, it was not possible to recognize what was the difference in soil properties between the 50% of fields that responded appreciably to deep tillage and the remainder whose yields were either unaffected or sometimes reduced by deep tillage, though, as one would expect, sands were normally less responsive to deep tillage than the heavier soils.2. On the clay soils, deep ploughing in autumn tended to give a surface soil that dried out up to several weeks earlier in the spring than land that was shallow ploughed. Subsoiling did not cause the surface soil to dry out in the same way. Only rarely did the subsoil brought up by deep ploughing give difficulty in working down to a seedbed, and probably in as high a proportion of fields the subsoil worked easier than the surface soil.3. On the clays and loams, the response of potatoes to deep tillage was more marked on fields that were heavily manured than on those lightly manured.4. Sugar beet normally gave a higher yield if its potash and phosphate was spread on the land before ploughing, even if this was in the autumn, than if it was applied in the seedbed. The exceptions to this result were for soils heavier than sandy loams if ploughing depths exceeding 12 in. were used, for the yield of beet was, on the average, depressed on these soils if the potash and phosphate was ploughed in compared with it being worked into the seedbed.5. Deep ploughing tended to give better control of many perennial weeds, and often of annual weeds than shallow ploughing. It is suggested that much of this benefit could be obtained when ploughing to 9–10 in. deep if ploughs were used that cut a furrow considerably wider than the conventional 10½–11 in. furrow, so allowing more complete inversion of the furrow slice.

The use of fungicidal seed disinfectants against root rot of spring wheat in the Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Kvitko ◽  
◽  
O.O. Beloshapkina ◽  
O.A. Shuklina
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Biological Effectiveness

the study evaluated the biological effectiveness of seed disinfectants with active ingredients from different chemical classes on the development of root rot of spring wheat in the conditions of the Moscow region in 2020.

INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES ON PRODUCTIVITY IN RAPE CROPS IN AKMOLA REGION

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Н.Сертек,Ш.Ш. Бекенова,А.П.Науанова, З.Ш Сулейменова
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ordinary Chernozem ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Effectiveness ◽  
Harmful Organisms

According to the results of research on the phytosanitary status of rapeseed on ordinary Chernozem of the forest-steppe zone of the Akmola region, the species composition of pests was determined. Danadim power, Zolone 35% KE, Decis Expert were used against pests of this rapeseed. Indicators of biological effectiveness in the use of insecticides against pests ranged from 78-95%.The article discusses the biological and economic effectiveness of insecticides used against the main pests of rapeseed. Treatment of cruciferous rape beetle, rapeseed sawfly and cruciferous bug with Decis Expert insecticide (0.075 l/ha) showed high efficiency during the growing season. The use of plant protection products against a complex of harmful organisms showed that, depending on the prevailing climatic conditions, the yield increased to 1.3 c/ha, and the maximum - to 1.9 c/ha. Thus, according to the biological effectiveness of insecticides used against pests, the productDecis Expert showed high results in all pests. On the Cruciferous rape beetle it was 85.7%, in the turnip sawfly – 93.5%, in the cruciferous bug – 81.9%.

Transcriptome analysis of scions grafted to potato rootstock for improving late blight resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexin Li ◽  
Degang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Protein Kinases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Late Blight Resistance ◽  
Potato Late Blight ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Blight Resistance ◽  
Expression Levels

Abstract Background: Late blight seriously threatens potato cultivation worldwide. The severe and widespread damage caused by the fungal pathogen can lead to drastic decreases in potato yield. Although grafting technology has been widely used to improve crop resistance, the effects of grafting on potato late blight resistance as well as the associated molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, we performed RNA transcriptome sequencing analysis and the late blight resistance testing of the scion when the potato late blight-resistant variety Qingshu 9 and the susceptible variety Favorita were used as the rootstock and scion, respectively, and vice versa. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rootstock on scion disease resistance and to clarify the related molecular mechanisms.Results: A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the expression levels of genes related to plant–pathogen interactions, plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways, and plant hormone signal transduction pathways were significantly up-regulated in the scion when Qingshu 9 was used as the rootstock. These genes included late blight response genes encoding calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), chitin elicitor receptor kinases (CERKs), LRR receptor serine/threonine protein kinases (LRR-LRKs), NPR family proteins in the salicylic acid synthesis pathway, and MAPKs. When Favorita was used as the rootstock, the expression levels of the late blight response genes were not up-regulated in the Qingshu 9 scion, but the expression levels of the genes related to proline metabolism, fatty acid chain elongation, and diterpenoid biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated. Resistance results showed that self-grafting of the susceptible variety and grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock increased the resistance of the susceptible scion to late blight. However, the resistance was stronger after grafting with the resistant variety as the rootstock. Using the susceptible variety as the rootstock decreased the late blight resistance of the resistant scion.Conclusions: Our results showed that changes to the expression of disease resistance genes in the scion after grafting are associated with late blight resistance. The results provide the basis for exploring the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of rootstocks on scion disease resistance.

Effects of glyphosate on Fusarium spp.: its influence on root colonization of weeds, propagule density in the soil, and crop emergence

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. André Lévesque ◽  
James E. Rahe ◽  
David M. Eaves
Keyword(s):  
Root Colonization ◽  
Plantago Lanceolata ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Holcus Lanatus ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Polygonum Persicaria

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum herbicide that can lead to root rot like damage on crops. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of glyphosate on the root-colonizing Fusarium spp. The research was conducted at two sites. Site one was densely covered with perennial weeds, and site two with annuals. At site one, spraying the weed cover with glyphosate increased (p < 0.05) the level of colonization by Fusarium spp. in Ranunculus repens and Holcus lanatus, but not in Stellaria media and Plantago lanceolata. At site two, glyphosate enhanced colonization in Spergula arvensis, Stellaria media, Echinochloa crusgalli, and Chenopodium album, but not in Capsella bursa-pastoris and Polygonum persicaria. At both sites, the number of colony-forming units of Fusarium spp. per gram of dried soil was increased by the application of glyphosate. Nevertheless, crops subsequently sown in the field containing the annual weeds were not detrimentally affected by glyphosate treatment of these weeds.

WEED INFESTATION OF WINTER TRITICALE, DEPENDING ON AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES OF CULTIVATION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Шашкаров ◽  
Leonid Shashkarov ◽  
Кузнецов ◽  
Leonid Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Winter Triticale ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Salt Extract

The investigations were carried out in 2014-2015, on a light gray forest heavy loamy soil. The humus content in the arable layer was 5.9%. The mobile phosphorus was 162 and exchangeable potassium was 172 mg per kilogram, respectively, pH of salt extract was 5.6. The total area of the plot was 200 m2, the discount area - 150 m2. Replication - fourfold, placing of plots was successive. Experience scheme: Factor A - preplant soil tillage: 1. Cultivation - 10-12 cm. 2. Milling – 10-12 cm. Factor B – fertilizers: 1. Without fertilizers (control). 2. Fertilizers, aimed to 4.0 tons per hectare (N120P75K90). The following varieties were used as the object of the study: Kornet, Kristal and Nemchinovskaya 56. The norms of fertilizers is calculated by the balance method, based on their removal from the crop and in the soil. The options, treated with a cultivator, were the most clogged. There are no significant difference among tested varieties of Kornet, Nemchinovskaya 56 and Kristal, but Nemchinovskaya 56 was the most clogged - 36 units per square meter, and less weedy was Cornet. When milling , the most clogged was Nemchinovskaya 56 variety - 30 units per square meter. In the way of without fertilization (control), Kristal variety was the most clogged - 21 units per square meter. The weed infestation of winter triticale at the beginning of growing season of Kristal variety was more to 21.3%, Nemchinovskaya 56 variety to 17% and Kristal to 21.6% more, than in milling. At the end of the growing season of winter triticale during cultivation the weeds increased by 71% and 74%. The same pattern was preserved debris perennial weeds early in the growing season 2.4-4.2 units per square meter, at the end of the growing season 4.6-4.7 units per square meter. The most clogged varieties were Nemchinovskaya 56 – 2.8-4.6 units per square meter and Kristal 2.7-4.7 units per square meter.

Autogamy, allogamy, and pollination in some Canadian weeds

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1767-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald A. Mulligan
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Single Species ◽  
The Self ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Perennial Weeds ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Allogamous Species ◽  
Insect Visitors

This paper is concerned with insect visitors to some Canadian weeds. It shows that both self-pollinating (autogamous) and cross-pollinating (allogamous) weeds are visited during the flowering period. It was found that self-incompatible species were visited by insects frequently, whereas self-compatible weeds were not visited or were rarely visited. The self-compatible group showed some difference, in that autogamous annual and winter annual weeds were visited less than were autogamous biennial and short-lived perennial weeds. Most of the insect visitors, to both the autogamous and allogamous species of weeds, were native species, whereas the weeds themselves were mostly introduced species. The insects, also, evidently visited more than a single species of plant over a short period of time. The implications of the insect visits to the genetic structure of the plants and their colonizing abilities are then briefly discussed.

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