scholarly journals Maritime Climate in the Canary Islands and its Implications for the Construction of Coastal Infrastructures

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Jesica Rodríguez-Martín ◽  
Noelia Cruz-Pérez ◽  
Juan C. Santamarta
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Maritime Climate ◽  
Wave Heights ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Directional Wave ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Isolated Systems

Islands are isolated systems that depend on maritime trade for their subsistence. Efficient, durable and structurally reliable port infrastructures are essential for the economic and social development of islands. However, not all port infrastructures are designed in the same way. They can vary, depending on whether they are built on continental land, built on non-volcanic islands or built on volcanic oceanic islands (such as the Canary Islands, Spain). The latter islands are the subject of this study due to their specific features, construction difficulties and the importance of sound maritime infrastructures. The maritime climate of an area consists of the wave and storm regimes that affect it and, from these, the coastal dynamics and coastal formations of that area can be studied. For this reason, historical data were collated on significant directional wave heights from 1958 to 2015 from several WANA-SIMAR points in the virtual buoy network of State Ports of Spain located near the Canary Islands. These data have been studied to obtain the maximum directional wave heights (Hs) at each point. With this analysis, we have obtained useful summary tables to calculate wave height by a graphic method that transforms the distribution function into a line drawn on probabilistic paper, using reduced variables. This enables adjustments to be made by linear regression and minimum square methods to facilitate planning and design of maritime infrastructures in a reliable way. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-01-02 Full Text: PDF

Pacific Spirorbids In The East Atlantic

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Knight-Jones ◽  
Phyllis Knight-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Almost All

The faunas of volcanic islands must necessarily be introduced, and more recent introductions can be recognized by the patterns of their distributions. This is obvious in the Canary Islands, where we have spent 30 days studying distributions of Spirorbidae. We now regard these as a distinct family following Pillai (1970). We sampled all the major islands, by shore collecting and diving to about 10 m, and on almost all we found nine Mediterranean species, namely Protolaeospira striata (Quiévreux, 1963) and the eight opercular incubators (species of Pileolaria and Janua) that have been recorded from both Marseilles (Zibrowius, 1968) and Chios (Bailey, 1969).

scholarly journals Alexandra Ekster’s Contribution to Ukrainian and World Art Culture

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Lesia TURCHAK
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Art History ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Teaching Activity ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
The Subject

The work of Ukrainian artists who have contributed to Ukrainian and international art, is not sufficiently disclosed. Their creative search impresses with versatility, interesting decision, continues to impress and inspire contemporaries. Purpose of the article — to find out the contribution of the Ukrainian avant-garde artist, set designer, teacher Oleksandra Ekster, to the Ukrainian and international fine arts. Oleksandra Ekster’s work has been the subject of research for decades. Scientists are interested in the painter’s art search, her contribution to Ukrainian avant-garde, scenography reforms, and teaching activity. Some sources may state that Ekster is a representative of Russian avant-garde. However, the artist grew up in Kyiv, obtained art education and promoted with her work not only Ukrainian but world avant-garde as well. The research of modern scientists (H. Kovalenko, D. Horbachova, T. Filevska, N. Stoliarchuk, M. Yur and others) makes it possible to review the artist’s life and artistic journey as well as her contribution to art history. The research methodology consists of a range of methods: historical, biographical, theoretical. The abovementioned methodological approach allows studying the question of historical data relating to the events in Ukraine that led to the emigration waves, finding out certain biographical facts and analyzing the artist’s creative activity.

First study of the bat fossil record of the mid-Atlantic volcanic islands

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Javier GONZÁLEZ-DIONIS ◽  
Carolina CASTILLO RUIZ ◽  
Penélope CRUZADO-CABALLERO ◽  
Elena CADAVID-MELERO ◽  
Vicente D. CRESPO
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Dental Morphology ◽  
Lava Tubes ◽  
El Hierro ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Fossil Data

ABSTRACT Bats are one of the most abundant and important mammals in ecosystems. However, their fossil record is scarce and fragile, making them difficult to find. Accordingly, there is no record of this group in the volcanic islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean apart from the Canary Islands. This paper studies the first bat fossil record of the Canary Islands (Spain). The material studied is found within two Quaternary lava tubes, Cueva de los Verdes on Lanzarote and Cueva Roja on the island of El Hierro. The dental and humeral morphology and biometry are analysed and compared with current specimens. Among our results we highlight the first fossil data of two species endemic to the islands of the mid-Atlantic Ocean, Plecotus teneriffae and Pipistrellus maderensis, the former from the Canary Islands and the latter from the Azores, Madeira and the Canary Islands. We also confirm the presence of Pipistrellus kuhlii in the fossil record of the island of Lanzarote. No differences are observed between the dental morphology of the current and the fossil populations of P. maderensis and Pl. teneriffae. In the case of P. kuhlii, the populations of the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula show differences in the paraconule with respect to the populations from central Europe. Palaeoecological studies of these taxa suggest that these islands presented a similar habitat when the sites were formed to the present-day habitat.

My Friends in Low Places: Building Identity for Place and Community

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Crow
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Potential Change ◽  
Political Agency ◽  
Political Sophistication ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Urban Analysis ◽  
Urban Issues

Urban sholarship linking geography, planning, and design has usually identified characteristics of specific places. In addition, urban analysis has attempted to link concepts of political ‘agency’, institutional arrangements, and notions of community to the economic and political history of places. In recent years, scholars in the humanities have been carefully examining the philosophical and political underpinnings of concepts of ‘the subject’, self, and agency. I contend that if geography is to have a place in the analysis of identity, political agency, and political action, the places to look are not necessarily at the pinnacle of theoretical, architectural, or political sophistication or at places with the highest demographic or economic magnitudes. Important places to look are ‘low places’. In this paper I propose six places to look for identity and political action that are normally overlooked, ignored, or excluded from serious consideration for revealing urban issues and potential change.

Resedimented volcaniclastics in the Carmanville area, northeastern Newfoundland—depositional remnants of Early Palaeozoic oceanic islands

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-70
Author(s):  
R. K. Pickerill ◽  
G. E. Pajari Jr. ◽  
K. L. Currie
Keyword(s):  
Depositional Environment ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Volcanic Material ◽  
Ophiolitic Mélange ◽  
Tectonic Transport ◽  
Submarine Slides ◽  
Volcaniclastic Rocks ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
Early Palaeozoic

The olistostromal Carmanville ophiolitic mélange of northeastern Newfoundland contains two extensive mafic volcanic and volcaniclastic rafts (4 km × 1 km, 11 km × 7 km), which were previously interpreted as an assemblage of lavas and pyroclastics. These rafts are ? Upper Cambrian – Arenigian in age and, prior to tectonic transport and subsequent resedimentation and incorporation into the submarine slides (olistostromes) of the Carmanville ophiolitic mélange, were originally deposited on the slopes of a volcanic edifice (volcanic islands). The primary sedimentation history and depositional environment of the volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks are examined in detail. Four volcaniclastic facies are now recognized (facies 1–4), each differentiated on the basis of megascopic descriptive and genetic criteria. The essential characteristics of each facies are described in detail. These facies essentially represent shallow-water mafic volcanic material resedimented into a deeper water submarine slope or fan valley system by mass-emplacement depositional mechanisms, which included debris, turbidity, and possibly fluidized sediment flows. Normal contour-following bottom currents could possibly have been responsible for depositing or at least reworking some of the volcaniclastic siltstones of facies 3. Facies 1–4 were introduced into a deeper water environment itself characterized by the formation of massive and pillowed lavas and their hyaloclastic equivalents (facies 5) envisaged as the end product of deposition from submarine seamounts and guyots.

Stochastic comparison of climate model outputs to observed relative humidity fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Apostolos Koumakis ◽  
Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Dependence Structure ◽  
Stochastic Comparison ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

<p>Stochastic comparison of climate model outputs to observed relative humidity fields</p><p>We compare the stochastic behaviour of relative humidity outputs of climate models for the 20<sup>th</sup> century to the historical data (stations and reanalysis fields) at several temporal and spatial scales. In particular we examine the marginal distributions and the dependence structure with emphasis on the Hurst-Kolmogorov behaviour. The comparison aims to contribute to the quantification of reliability and predictive uncertainty of relative humidity climate model outputs over different scales in a framework of assessing their relevance for engineering planning and design.</p><p> </p><p>(Acknowledgement: This research is conducted within the frame of the course "Stochastic Methods" of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA). The School of Civil Engineering of NTUA provided moral support for the participation of the students in the Assembly.)</p>

Charles Darwin in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos: The role of serendipity in development of theories on the ups and downs of oceanic islands

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markes E. Johnson ◽  
B. Gudveig Baarli
Keyword(s):  
Charles Darwin ◽  
Galapagos Islands ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Galápagos Islands ◽  
Cape Verde Islands ◽  
Upward Growth ◽  
Volcanic Islands ◽  
The Look ◽  
St Helena

The 1831–1836 voyage of H.M.S. Beagle under Captain Robert FitzRoy launched Charles Darwin's entry into the world of geology with two pioneering publications on oceanic islands to his credit. Best known is Darwin's 1842 contribution on the theory of atoll development from the subsidence of volcanic islands and coeval upward growth of coral reefs. This work can be linked, in part, to the ten days during which the Beagle visited the Keeling (Cocos) Islands. The subsequent and lesser known of Darwin's parallel contributions is his 1844 summary on all the volcanic islands visited during the expedition, including Santiago (Cape Verde Islands), Terceira (Azores), St. Paul's Rocks, Fernando Noronha, Ascension, St. Helena, the Galápagos Islands, Tahiti, and Mauritius. Ostensibly, the centerpiece of the 1844 volume is Darwin's extensive coverage of Ascension based on the five days spent there in 1836. However, Darwin had many more days at his disposal in the Galápagos and ‘St. Jago’ (Santiago), where the Beagle stopped in the Cape Verde Islands at the outset and again near the end of the voyage. The volcanic islands where Darwin spent the most time were in the Galápagos (thirty-five days) and the Cape Verdes (twenty-nine days). In particular, those island groups make an interesting comparison with respect to the development of Darwin's ideas on tectonic uplift based on basalt flows with inter-bedded limestone formations. Chance played a huge role in what Darwin saw and did not see during his island travels. The initial visit to the Cape Verde islands was instrumental in shaping Darwin's earliest vision of a book on volcanic islands, but his time there was entirely fortuitous due to a forced change in FitzRoy's plan for a stay in the Canary Islands. Although Darwin was on the look out for limestone formations in the Galápagos islands comparable to those on Santiago in the Cape Verdes, he missed finding them due only to the vagaries of FitzRoy's charting schedule in the Galápagos. This overview looks at limestone distribution in the Cape Verde and Galápagos archipelagos as now understood and speculates on how a wider knowledge of both regions may have influenced Darwin's thinking on global patterns of island uplift and subsidence.

scholarly journals Modeling the Exposure of the Macaronesia Islands (NE Atlantic) to Marine Plastic Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio Cardoso ◽  
Rui M. A. Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Gulf Stream ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Subtropical Gyre ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Cabo Verde ◽  
The North ◽  
African Coast ◽  
The North Atlantic

The constant increase of marine plastic pollution poses an unprecedented risk to oceanic islands, which become increasingly exposed to a hazard of which they have very little control. Located in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Macaronesia is comprised by the Azores, Madeira, Canary Islands, and Cabo Verde. Although past studies suggest that most plastic items collected on these islands are from offshore regions, their actual sources remain unclear to present date. As such, we focus on the characterization of the potential sources and pathways of plastic particles reaching the Macaronesia archipelagos. This is achieved by combining modeled datasets for ocean currents, winds and waves with a Lagrangian tool used to track virtual particles released around the archipelagos for a 10-year period, making a distinction between surface and submerged particles. Global drifter trajectories are also assessed, selecting those that intercept the archipelagos. Our results demonstrate that the North Atlantic subtropical gyre is the most conspicuous feature in particles and drifter trajectories. The Gulf Stream acts as the main pathway for all archipelagos at a regional scale, though with less significance to Cabo Verde. Surface particles are connected to regional sources in a shorter timescale than mixed particles, mainly because of the wind. Intercepting high-windage particle trajectories are dominant at the center of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre, demonstrating that particles originating from the North Atlantic “garbage patch” are most likely to intercept the archipelagos if considerably exposed to the wind. Regarding the connectivity to sources, all archipelagos are significantly exposed to areas of intensive fishing activity, mainly those located in the Gulf Stream (Azores), in international waters off the Portuguese coast (Madeira and Canary Islands) and along the Northwestern African coast (Cabo Verde). The east coasts of Central and North America are the main sources of land-based particles reaching the Azores, Madeira, and Canary Islands, whereas the Northwestern African coast is the main source for land-based particles reaching Cabo Verde. Our results demonstrate how vulnerable the Macaronesian archipelagos are to marine plastic pollution, highlighting the urgency for international cooperation to mitigate the exposure of oceanic islands to marine plastic pollution.

scholarly journals Agricola's Ukko in the light of archaeology: a chronological and interpretative study of ancient Finnish religion

1990 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 92-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Unto Salo
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ancient Religion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Folk Poetry ◽  
Written Sources ◽  
Psalms Of David

No written sources of ancient Finnish religion have been preserved from the pre-Christian period. Study of the subject is thus based on later historical data, folk poetry and other recorded national traditions, supplemented by etymology and onomastics. A valuable basis for study is provided by the verses of Mikael Agricola in the preface to his Psalms of David from 1551. Here Agricola lists the gods of Karelia and Häme. He admittedly subjects them to Christian censure, but he is also in these verses the first systematizer and the first theologian of our ancient religion. He created twin Olympuses of the old religion, two anthropomorphic god-worlds, the sub-structure of which includes the worship of spirits, animals and the dead. From the point of view of archaeology, Agricola's Ukko, 'old man', is one of the most interesting figures in ancient religion. According to Agricola, Ukko was (only) a Karelian god, but scholars have long considered that he was referring to the universally feared Ukko, Ukkonen, the god of thunder, who would have fitted equally well among the gods of Häme (Tavastland).

scholarly journals ASSAY OF ENGLISH CUISINE: ADVENT AND ADVANCEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. Steve Roger Raj ◽  
J. Eugene
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
The People ◽  
The Future ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Insight Into

England is a country that has experienced various changes throughout the course of its history. From its land being invaded to colonizing in other lands, the cuisine has been under the constant state of adaptation and improvisation in order to meet the dietary needs of the people. This research is done to give an insight into the English Cuisine with respect to history in order to better elucidate the nature of the English food in adaptive flux through the centuries. This study shows historical data excavated from evidential books published throughout those centuries as well as articles and data published on the subject. The objectives of the research done are: To understand the nature of the English cuisine. To understand the history and origin of the English food developed. To understand the influences the cuisine had on other countries. To analyze the past events and the changes made that affect the current English Cuisine and evolution undergone. To better understand the future of the cuisine in terms of survival.

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