scholarly journals Everyday Life of White–Guard Omsk in the Lens of American Camera (1919): Revisiting Attribution of a Little–Known Source

2019 ◽  
pp. 357-374
Author(s):  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
◽  
Dmitry I. Petin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Video Sequence ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
American Military ◽  
Detailed Explanation ◽  
Provincial City ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Mission

In 2000s there appeared in the Internet video materials on the Civil War in Russia made by military journalists of the Allied Intervention. Most noteworthy of these is a newsreel made by the American military mission in January–February 1919. Of particular interest is it part shot in Omsk. Although it is of great informative value, the researchers have overlooked this historical newsreel; its analysis and scientific attribution have not been made. The authors have rectified this by conducting a study involving various historical sources, scientific literature and memoirs. The study has resulted in the description of buildings and places on the film in accordance with its video sequence. It also provides a detailed explanation on agencies housed in the buildings in 1919, when Admiral A. V. Kolchak’s government was in power, and on their current holders. Attribution of the American newsreel, which captured Omsk in 1919, allows to reconstruct daily life of this provincial city and once-upon-a-time capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The analysis highlights subjects that were of most interest to the American allies. The reel shows different sides of everyday life in White Omsk, of the Supreme ruler and of the refugees. At the same time, it provides some specific, yet important to historians, details of Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago. Visual sources are rarely used by researchers of the Civil War. Thus, the publication is of immediate interest to military historians studying the Civil War and Allied Intervention, as well as experts in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.

Anti-Bolshevik Omsk in 1919: A Source Study Analysis of the French Intervention Newsreels

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Historical Archive ◽  
French Military ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study

After the opening in 2012 basis of a Center for Studying History of the Civil War at the premises of the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region, a newsreel, shot in April–May 1919 by French military journalists became well-known to scientific and cultural community. And yet despite great popularity of this unique and ‘live’ historical source among filmmakers and journalists, it remains unstudied by researchers. The article aims to fill the lacuna in order to introduce the French newsreel of the anti–Bolshevik Omsk into scientific use. For this purpose, the authors have carried out an attribution and a historical analysis of the film document. The study incorporates scientific publications and an array of historical sources (including photo documents), which the authors have found in the fonds of archives and libraries. The resulting study follows the footage and identifies buildings and places on the film. It also provides a detailed description of what the buildings housed in 1919, when Admiral Kolchak was in power, and what they house now. It points out the well-known personalities of anti-Bolshevik Omsk (A.V. Kolchak, M. Zhanen, A.I. Dutov). Attribution of the French newsreels depicting Omsk in 1919 allows to reconstruct daily life of a provincial town, which had been for a time the capital of anti-Bolshevik Russia. The chronicle features official aspect of White Omsk, but also some particulars of town life and Omsk urbanism of a hundred years ago, which are of great value for historians. It is noteworthy that visual sources on the Civil War are little used by researchers. The fact enhances the significance of the publication, which may be of interest to military historians studying the Civil War and foreign military intervention, scholars in the history of Siberia, source studies, and history of everyday life.

The battles of October in Moscow: Through Witness' Eyes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Хутарев-Гарнишевский
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Mental State ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
The Real ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Times ◽  
Economical Process

Публикуемый источник является отрывком из дневника депутата Московской городской Думы Н.П. Вишнякова (1844-1927). Автор лично не принимал участия в боевых действиях, но находился в самом эпицентре боевых действий между «красными» и «белыми», так как проживал с семьей в центре города. Именно эти события часто называют началом полноценной Гражданской войны. Его дневник отражает психологическое состояние мирного горожанина, оказавшегося заложником гражданского противостояния на улицах Москвы.Особый интерес представляют описания особенностей быта москвичей, циркулирующие среди них слухи, домыслы, их надежды и страхи, а также поведенческие стратегии различных социальных слоев. Особую ценность представляет то, что автор делал свои записи два-три раза в день, подробно фиксируя происходящее. Подобного рода источники крайне немногочисленны.Мемуарное и эпистолярное наследие Н.П. Вишнякова давно признано уникальным источником по истории общественно-политической, культурной и экономической жизни Москвы, но никогда не было опубликовано полностью. Лишь дважды публиковались небольшие отрывки.Данная публикация является частью работы по подготовке полного издания эпистолярного наследия Н.П. Вишнякова, который был вовлечен почти во все политические и экономические процессы Москвы времен правления императора Николая II. Он был депутатом (гласным) Московской Думы с 1873 по 1917 гг. с пятилетним перерывом в 1892--1897 гг., мировым судьей, известным ученым-геологом и краеведом.Для публикации были раскрыты многочисленные сокращения топонимов, а также расшифрованы индивидуальные, характерные для автора сокращения.Особую трудность представляет почерк Н.П. Вишнякова, подчас очень сложный для понимания и в отдельных случаях не поддающийся расшифровке.Эпистолярное наследия Н.П. Вишнякова весьма обширно, а сам дневник охватывает события с 1872 по 1918 гг. Published is an excerpt from a diary of N.P. Vishnyakov (1844–1927), a Moscow Duma deputy. Nikolay Petrovich has never personally participated in the events, but was in the epicenter of the October battles between the Red and the White movements, as he and his family lived in the centre of Moscow. Those events in particular are often referred to as the beginning of the real Civil War. His diary shows us the mental state of a peaceful citizen caught as a hostage during the civil confrontation on Moscow streets. Depicted are certain peculiarities of everyday life, rumors and doubts, hopes and fears of Moscovites, as well as behavioral strategies of different social groups.Most valuable is that the author made 2–3 diary entries a day, registering the events in details. Such sources are very few in number.N.P. Vishnyakov's memoirs and epistolary heritage have never before were fully published and were marked as a unique source on the history of political, cultural and economic life in Moscow between 1873--1918.This is a part of an upcoming publication of the complete texts of N.P. Vishnyakov's epistolary heritage. Nukolay Petrovich was fully engaged into almost every political and economical process in Moscow during the times of Nicholas II. He was a deputy of the Moscow Duma from 1873 to 1917, with a short break in 1892--1897, a magistrate judge, a well-known geology scientist and ethnographer.For this publication shorten forms of toponymies and some personalized abbreviations have been deciphered. It is sometimes very difficult to follow and understand N.P. Veshnyakov’s handwriting.

scholarly journals Deserters, Spies and Kumanists»: Some Episodes from the Peasants’ Everyday Life in Perm Province in the Second Half of 1919

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112-122
Author(s):  
Dolgova Anzhela
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Thing ◽  
The Village

The article is devoted to the history of the peasants’ everyday life in 1919. The basis is archival documents presenting four criminal cases: two murders, torture and malfeasance. Using comparative historical and typological methods the author showed how peasants from different districts of Perm province reacted to the events in the village. A causal analysis of the links between historical events made it possible to identify the general patterns of the considered social phenomena and processes among the peasantry. The history of everyday life is relevant to this day. It is impossible to study historical facts without addressing this topic. The peasantry constituted the majority of the country's population, and therefore was a kind of indicator of the ongoing internal political changes in the country. The life of the peasants in each region of the country had its own characteristics. It depended on the natural and climatic conditions, the standard of living, and the social composition of the population. The civil war showed that interference in the life of peasants could change their social appearance. The war imbalanced the life of the village for a long time, destroyed social ties, and led to senseless human casualties. The cited archival documents, in a way, are the episodes from peasants’ life in a certain period of time. As long as the author's goal was to convey the era of war the documents are given in the form in which they have survived to this day: with the preservation of spelling, punctuation and style. Due to the absence of editorial revision in them a picture of complex relationship in the village opens up the tragic events unfold with the forced participation of peasants. It becomes clear what the norm was for them and what was the main thing in their life - justice or legality. The peasants’ attitude towards life and death had been changed during the Civil War. Life lost its value, and death began to be perceived as something ordinary and inevitable.

scholarly journals “Strokes to the portrait”: the senior member of the Moscow City Duma N. P. Vishnyakov (1844–1927) on his contemporaries and himself (based on the materials of the personal archive)

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeevna Bylova
Keyword(s):  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Everyday Activity ◽  
Senior Member ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of

This article examines the informative capabilities of the body of materials from the personal archive of N. P. Vishnyakov for reconstructing the history of the senior member of the Moscow City Duma. Leaning on the historiography dedicated to the work with personal archive collections, as well as determining lacunas in the scientific literature, assessment is given to composition of the fund with emphasis on one of the varieties of sources stored therein – “Reminiscences of the Duma”, internal and external criticism of these materials. The example of N. P. Vishnyakov's “Reminiscences of the Duma” demonstrated the experience of development of the methods of archival studies, source studies, historiographical and specific-historical approaches towards examination of personal and family archives. Work with the body of materials from personal archive collections allows introducing the new historical sources into the scientific discourse. Based on the substantive analysis of the texts that comprise the source base of the article, the author attempts to reconstruct the everyday activity of the Moscow Duma, which draws interest of the historians in the context of sociopolitical history, as well as micro-historical analysis. The sources of N. P. Vishnyakov's personal archive bear the imprint of ego-documents, which allow reconstructing the actions “behind the scene” through the prism of personal relations and contracts of the founder, as well as direct participants of the historical process, including the figure of N. P. Vishnyakov.

scholarly journals The history of the Revolution and Civil War in Kamchatka in the archival funds of the Kamchatka Krai State Archive: a source-study review

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 05007
Author(s):  
Natalya Kamardina ◽  
Valentina Ilina
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Far East ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
History Of ◽  
Source Study ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
The Given ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Revolution

This article is devoted to the problems of collection and classification of the historical sources regarding the history of the Great Russian Revolution of 1917. The authors concentrated on the opportunities of using different sources kept at the archives of the Far East (Vladivostok, Khabarovsk, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatskiy) in order to comprehensively review the events which took place in Kamchatka in 1917-1922. The idea of considering a written historical source as a subjectified reflection of the past, which is the only bearer of the historical truth, lays the foundation for analyzing the source-study basis of the problem. The given research helps to outline general directions of work aimed at studying the history of the Kamchatka krai shortly before the Revolution and in the years of the Revolution and Civil War and also to determine further development of the designated issues.

scholarly journals Z Mościsk do Jugowa - relacje Józefy Wójcik i Marii Kocur repatriantek z Kresów Wschodnich

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 205-249
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz S. Więch
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Lower Silesia

From Mościska to Jugów. Testimonies of Józefa Wójcik and Maria Kocur, repatriates from the Eastern Polish BorderlandsThe history of the inhabitants of the former Polish Eastern Borderlands is an interesting research topic, especially when connected to everyday life issues. Oral testimonies are important historical sources which help explore the subject better. This paper presents transcriptions of two conversations with sisters Józefa Wójcik (born in 1930) and Maria Kocór  (born in 1928). Both of them were born and spent their prime years around Mościska near Lviv, and after World War II were re-settled to Jugów in Lower Silesia. The interviews were conducted in 2014 as part of a research project in the field of oral history entitled “Everyday life of inhabitants of the Owl Mountains in 1945-1970”.

scholarly journals “Guerrillas Don't Die Easily”: Everyday Life in Wartime and the Guerrilla Myth in the National Resistance Army in Uganda, 1981–1986

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Oral History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Central Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
The Government ◽  
Wartime Experience

This article examines the civil war in central Uganda between guerrillas of the National Resistance Army and the government of Milton Obote between 1981 and 1986. Its central focus is the wartime experience of guerrilla fighters – men, women, and children. The material for the article has been collected through interviews with participants about their experiences. The interview partners described their motives and expectations as guerrillas as well as their perception of the reality of war “in the bush”. Their narratives differ from the victorious guerrilla's official history of the war and the guerrilla myth cultivated in that history, as they lack the subsequent certainty of victory and emphasize the fighters' disappointments and suffering. In this way, the method of oral history provides important points of departure for a social history of this war and allows us, at the same time, to differentiate and correct our current understanding of it in significant ways.

scholarly journals “Killed in An Explosion in the House of the Supreme Ruler”: Concerning the Analysis of Death Records of the Officers of the Admiral A. V. Kolchak’s Convoy, August 27, 1919

2021 ◽  
pp. 725-740
Author(s):  
Dmitrii I. Petin ◽  
◽  
Maksim M. Stelmak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Vital Records ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
First Time

The study is devoted to the analysis of a group of unknown sources from the Historical Archive of the Omsk Region (fond of the Omsk Spiritual Consistory) that are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. These documents are associated with a tragic incident that resulted in the death of seven lower ranks, who provided security for Admiral A. V. Kolchak in Omsk. The contemporaries’ memoirs have served as an auxiliary source in the study. The relevance of this work is justified by contradictions in modern historiographic discussion regarding the cause of the explosion in the vicinity of the private residence of the Supreme Ruler in Omsk on August 25, 1919, as well as by great interest of the national scientific community in his person. Anthropological approach, principle of consistency, historical-systemic and comparative-historical method have served as methodological basis for the study. This theoretical totality suggests two points. First, consideration of the identified vital records as a natural consequence of the work of the Institute of the Russian Orthodox Church; second, critical comparative analysis of the new data and previous developments in historiography. The identified records have made it possible to establish the exact number of servicemen who died as a result of the tragedy, as well as their names, belonging to the service category of the lower ranks of the White Army, date of death, place and date of the funeral service and burial. The authors point out that the analyzed sources are also of key importance for studying the last days of the Omsk poet Yuri (Peter Ivanovich) Sopov, one of the victims of the explosion. In the conclusion, the thesis is emphasized of the need for basic and contextual use of vital records as a valuable documentary source on the past for conducting research on various aspects of the history of the Civil War. This publication may be of interest to specialists in source studies, researchers of the Civil War in the East of Russia, state security agencies of the anti-Bolshevik authorities, biography of Admiral A. V. Kolchak, local Omsk history.

scholarly journals Formation of Provisional Government Bodies in Dagestan

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-374
Author(s):  
Leila B. Salikhova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Studies ◽  
The Military

The study features the formation of the Provisional Government bodies in Dagestan during the revolutions and Civil War, such as the Provisional Regional Executive Committee and the Commissars of the Dagestan region. The research was based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, which allowed the authors to determine the reliability of the used historical sources. The consequences of the February revolution in Russia affected the Dagestan region. During this period, various organizations struggled for power: the Council of Workers' Deputies, the Council of Soldiers' and Officers' Deputies, religious societies, Muslim committees, millicommittees, etc. However, the military governor was rep-laced by the Provisional Government, which had existed until April-May 1918. The Provisional Regional Executive Committee was formed in March 1917. Subsequently, it transformed several times. New commissars replaced former chiefs in the districts of the Dagestan region. The population of the region, which initially distrusted the elections, gradually began to get involved in the political process. The bodies of the Provisional Government included the Commissars of the Dagestan region. They had a lot of internal conflicts, as well as an open political confrontation with the Provisional Regional Executive Committee. These disagreements prevented effective work. The results of the research can be used in further study of the issue, in general studies on the matter, in a course of Dagestan history, or special courses on the history of the revolution and the Civil War.

scholarly journals “The Terek Host Cleaned out the Native Villages from the Infection with Their Own Hands”: Gorsko-Mozdok Regiments in the Ranks of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia in the Early 1919

2019 ◽  
pp. 84-92
Author(s):  
Ruslan Gagkuev ◽  
Svetlana Shilova
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Soviet Power ◽  
The South ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The article focuses on the creation of Gorsko-Mozdock regiments of the Terek Cossack Host in the Early 1919 and their subsequent participation in combat operations. The article provides an overview of related historical literature and underlines the importance of further research into the history of the Terek Cossack Host during the Civil War and publication of historical sources. The introduction provides a detailed account of how Terek Cossacks were drafted to the Armed Forces of the South of Russia, and touches upon the difficulties associated with mobilization (not enough officers, undermanning, shortage of weapons and typhus outbreak). Materials. The article introduces a previously unavailable historical source – the order of Terek Cossack Host Mozdock division Ataman Yesaul S.N. Portyanko dated January 17, 1919 on the commencement of mobilization and formation of Cossack regiments. Analysis. The order demonstrates overly optimistic expectations of the Cossack leadership regarding the support of the local population and mobilization results. In real life, fast implementation of the command’s plans proved to be impossible due to the situation in Cossack stanitsas. The document shows the Cossack command’s commitment to mobilize all available resources in order to defeat the Soviet power. Results. The article sums up the considerations by pointing out that during the Civil War the majority of the Terek Cossack Host opposed the Soviet power and supplied considerable human resources to the Armed Forces of the South of Russia. Despite the aforementioned difficulties caused by the situation in the region, the formation of Cossack regiments went rather well, and soon these regiments were dispatched to the front. The efforts undertaken by the Terek Cossack Host in the war against the Soviet power in 1919–1920 show the Cossacks’ unwavering commitment to give their all to victory. Upon the evacuation of the Armed Forces of the South of Russia from the Black Sea coast to the Crimea, Terek Cossacks could no longer hope for reinforcement and were incorporated into other White military units.

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