scholarly journals Reflections on the SARS-Covid-2 pandemic after one year: predictable, preventable but inevitable: an ecologist’s perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Neoliberal Capitalism ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Political Economic

Aim: The major aim of the current essay is to argue that neoliberal capitalism, by virtue of its core tenets, has significantly increased the risk of disease outbreaks like SARS-Covid-2.   Conclusion/Finding: The dominant socio-political-economic system across the industrialized world is neoliberal capitalism that focuses on economic growth and profit maximization. These are obtained in part through the weakening or elimination of environmental regulations. Although neoliberalism has brought benefits to some, it has exacerbated social and economic divisions within and between countries. More importantly, it is undeniably responsible for increasing the rate of environmental destruction, especially in developing countries in the south, which are rich is resources and raw materials coveted by multinational corporations based in the western developed countries. The loss and/or fragmentation of ecosystems is also bringing people into closer contact with many species that were once largely insulated from human communities, such as bats, that harbor harmful viruses with the potential to affect people through zoonotic spill-over via another wild or domesticated species.   Originality/Value of Article: Because it eschews the precautionary principle, neoliberal capitalism is uniquely ill-equipped to prepare for potential calamities like pathogenic outbreaks and, more worryingly, climate change. This makes it obsolete in the Anthropocene. We need to seriously work towards making structural changes in the socio-political landscape in ways that reduce the damage we are doing and also strive to create social justice across the world. This is imperative if we are to create a sustainable future and to protect much of the living world from destruction.

scholarly journals EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING FINANCIAL RESOURCES AIMED AT INNOVATIVE INDUSTRIALIZATION

THE BULLETIN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
А. Nurgaliyeva ◽  
А. Zeinullina ◽  
G. Nurbayeva ◽  
B. Serekbayeva ◽  
G. Bolsynbekova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Innovative Model ◽  
Internal Sources

In the new global reality, the most appropriate model for long-term development of Kazakhstan is the industrial and innovative model. The need to implement industrial and innovative development is dictated by the challenges of the XXI century, the economic imperatives of globalization. Lagging indicators such as labor productivity, which today is only 39 thousand US dollars, while this indicator in the OECD countries is on average more than 2.5 times higher. The share of manufacturing in GDP in 2017 is only 12%, while this figure in developed countries such as China is about more than 35%. In order to enter the top 30 developed countries, further development of the industrial and innovative model is required. It is no accident that in his last two messages, the President focuses on the development of new technologies, new models of digitalization, the need to accelerate the introduction of more complex products, increase the technological level, and increase the share of exports. The development of Kazakhstan's economy requires qualitative and structural changes in the economy and a shift away from its dependence on raw materials, an increase in the share of manufacturing, high-tech industries and the expansion of exports of finished products. The formation of a competitive economy requires huge financial resources that will be directed to innovative industrialization on a long-term basis. The new global reality has led to a reduction in the ability to attract funding. Lack of internal sources of financing, reduction of external sources of financing of the banking system of Kazakhstan, insufficient development of the Kazakhstan stock market significantly limit the ability to meet the needs of the real sector of the economy in financial resources.

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

UNIDO, Industrial Processing of Natural Resources. New York: United Nations. 1981. viii + 78pp.US $ 5.00. [United Nations Publication Sales No. E. 81. 11 . B.1]

1982 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-333
Author(s):  
Rashid Aziz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
Year 2000

The book under review is a concise but fairly in-depth study of the prospects for export diversification from the Less Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as LDCs) particularly to Developed Countries (henceforth labeled as OCs). Given the multiple problems faced by the LOCs in exporting to the OCs - protectionist policies with regards to manufactured exports, volatility of prices obtained for raw material exports, etc. - the study analyses the potential for following an intermediate route. The important issues in the export of semi -processed and wholly processed raw materials are discussed. 111ese issues range from the problems and potentials for the location of processing facilities in the LOCs to the formulation of appropriate policies to encourage an export of processed goods rather than raw materials. Such policies will be useful both in solving the balance of-payments problems of the LDCs and in attaining the goal of the Lima Declaration and Plan of Action on Industrial Development and Co-operation, that called for 2S percent of world industrial production to be located in the LOCs by the year 2000.

Ukraine’s foreign trade in meat and meat products: trends and geographical aspects

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Olena Lyakhovska
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Geographical Structure

Current trends in meat and meat products exports are considered. The dynamics and structural changes in meat exports by types and degree of processing (beef and veal, pork, poultry, finished meat products) are analyzed. The paper proves that in recent years, only meat and edible poultry by-products have taken a competitive position in the world market. Accordingly, the dynamics of exports of this type of meat is positive, and the share of these products in the structure of exported meat is the largest (86.09%). Possible threats to the growth of import dependence on certain types of meat products, in particular, chilled and frozen beef and veal, pork, are indicated. The rating of the largest countries-importers of meat and meat products (by types) from Ukraine is built, their share in the structure of meat exports is determined. Changes in the geographical structure of exports have been studied, which indicate a low level of diversification of the geography of exports of certain types of meat (pork, beef). At the same time, a positive development of the geographical structure of poultry meat exports (exported to more than 100 countries) was revealed. Problems of the export potential development in the meat industry of Ukraine are revealed. In particular, the problems of livestock development (outdated technologies and production techniques that reduce the efficiency and productivity; inefficiency of the organization of purchase and processing of meat, which leads to reduced breeding in small businesses and households; inefficiency of state incentives, etc.) and industrial meat production (lack of raw materials, obsolescence of fixed assets and production technologies, poorly developed logistics, etc.). The solution of these problems requires: a systematic approach, which will encourage the cooperation of agricultural and industrial production, cooperation with importers of meat products and protection of domestic producers in the domestic and international markets, creating a favorable investment and information environment that will promote the meat industry development.

Australia—The Hidden Jewel

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K. Joshi ◽  
J.R. Klein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dutch Disease

The twenty-first century is being touted as the Asian century. With its stable economy, good governance, education system, and above all the abundant natural resources, will Australia to take its place in the global economy by becoming more entrepreneurial and accelerating its rate of growth, or will it get infected with the so-called Dutch disease? It has been successful in managing trade ties with fast-developing economies like China and India as well as developed countries like the United States. It has participated in the growth of China by providing iron ore and coal. Because it is a low-risk country, it has enabled inflow of large foreign capital investments. A lot will depend on its capability and willingness to invest the capital available in entrepreneurial ventures, its ability to capture the full value chain of natural resources, and to export the finished products instead of raw materials, while building a robust manufacturing sector.

scholarly journals Alkali-Hydrothermal Treatment of K-Rich Igneous Rocks for Their Direct Use as Potassic Fertilizers

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Aaron Mbissik ◽  
Abdellatif Elghali ◽  
Muhammad Ouabid ◽  
Otmane Raji ◽  
Jean-Louis Bodinier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Treatment ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Naoh Solution

Due to the increasing demand for conventional sources of potassium (K) and their inaccessibility by African countries, K-rich igneous rocks are increasingly studied as potential alternative sources. In this study, six potassic igneous rocks (syenites and trachytes) from the Tamazeght, Jbel Boho, Ait Saoun, and El Glo’a regions (Morocco) were sampled and characterized. Then they were hydrothermally treated to enhance their K release for potential use as potassic fertilizers. The raw materials are mainly formed by microcline (up to 74%), orthoclase (20–68%), albite (36–57%), biotite-muscovite (15–23%), and titanite, calcite, hematite, and apatite as accessory minerals. These samples were crushed and milled to reach a particle size <150 µm and mixed with 4 N NaOH solution in an autoclave. The liquid/solid (L/S) ratio was about 44 mL/50 g. The powders were allowed to react with the solution at 170 °C for 7 h. For all tests, NaOH reacted completely with the powders and no liquid was observed after the treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), infrared spectroscopy (IRTF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) were carried out on treated samples to characterize the mineralogical and structural changes due to the alkali-hydrothermal treatment. Indeed, the treated samples revealed the presence of sodic neoformed phases such as thermonatrite, sodalite, analcime, and cancrinite. The treated material was leached for a week using deionized water and the elements released were measured using inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The hydrothermal process showed a strong effect on structure breakdown as well as on the release of K and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Si, Mg, and Ca. Therefore, the alkali-hydrothermal treatment allowed the release of 50.5 wt% K. Moreover, the release of Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si were significantly increased. Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si release within raw materials was about (0.5–3.6), (3.5–31.4), (0.01–0.4), (0.01–0.3), (20–55), and (4.6–8) mg/kg, respectively, whereas treated samples showed a higher release of these elements. Quantitatively, Mg, Ca, Fe, P, K, and Si releases were about (10–11.8), (60–70), (7–20), (1.2–15), (218–1278), and (1119–2759) mg/kg, respectively. Consequently, the treated igneous rocks (syenite and trachyte) could be directly used as potassic fertilizers that would also be a source of other nutrients.

scholarly journals COVID-19 PANDEMIC UPDATES AND PERSPECTIVES. NEED FOR AN INTEGRATED AND EQUITABLE APPROACH.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigoris Gerotziafas ◽  
Mariella Catalano ◽  
Ioannis Theodorou ◽  
Patrick van Dreden ◽  
Vincent Marechal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
Health Organization

One year after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) and despite the implementation of mandatory physical barriers and social distancing, humanity remains challenged by a long-lasting and devastating public health crisis. Non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) are efficient mitigation strategies. The success of these intense NPI is dependent on the approval and commitment of the population. The launch of a mass vaccination program in many countries in late December 2020 with mRNA vaccines, adenovirus-based vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines has generated hope for the end of the pandemic. Current issues: The continuous appearance of new pathogenic viral strains and the ability of vaccines to prevent infection and transmission raise important concerns as we try to achieve community immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. The need of a second and even third generation of vaccines and the possibility of potentially harmful side-effects of the vaccines (i.e. venous thromboembolism ) have already been acknowledged. Perspectives: There is a critical and urgent need for a balanced and integrated strategy for the management of the COVID-19 outbreaks organized on three axes: (1) Prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, (2) Detection and early diagnosis of patients at risk of disease worsening, and (3) Anticipation of medical care (PDA). Conclusion: The “PDA strategy” integrated into state policy for the support and expansion of health systems and introduction of digital organization (i.e. telemedicine, artificial intelligence and machine learning technology) is of major importance for the preservation of citizens’ health and life world-wide.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Log Prices in China: An Analysis Based on the TVP-VAR Model

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Chenlu Tao ◽  
Gang Diao ◽  
Baodong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Wood Industry ◽  
The Impact

China’s wood industry is vulnerable to the COVID-19 pandemic since wood raw materials and sales of products are dependent on the international market. This study seeks to explore the speed of log price recovery under different control measures, and to perhaps find a better way to respond to the pandemic. With the daily data, we utilized the time-varying parameter autoregressive (TVP-VAR) model, which can incorporate structural changes in emergencies into the model through time-varying parameters, to estimate the dynamic impact of the pandemic on log prices at different time points. We found that the impact of the pandemic on oil prices and Renminbi exchange rate is synchronized with the severity of the pandemic, and the ascending in the exchange rate would lead to an increase in log prices, while oil prices would not. Moreover, the impulse response in June converged faster than in February 2020. Thus, partial quarantine is effective. However, the pandemic’s impact on log prices is not consistent with changes of the pandemic. After the pandemic eased in June 2020, the impact of the pandemic on log prices remained increasing. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic has long-term influences on the wood industry, and the work resumption was not smooth, thus the imbalance between supply and demand should be resolved as soon as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the development of the domestic wood market and realize a “dual circulation” strategy as the pandemic becomes a “new normal”.

scholarly journals Consequences of antepartum hemorrhage and its maternal and perinatal outcome

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
Himang Jharaik ◽  
Bishan Dhiman ◽  
S. K. Verma ◽  
Aditi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Placenta Previa ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Perinatal Morbidity ◽  
Antepartum Haemorrhage ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
One Year ◽  
Life Threatening Event

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage, a life-threatening event, is defined as bleeding per vaginum occurring after the fetus has reached the period of viability, considered to be 20 weeks in developed countries and 28 weeks in countries with low resource settings. We evaluated the consequences of antepartum haemorrhage, their maternal and perinatal outcome so as to outline the proper management of patient in order to improve both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This one-year prospective study totaled 133 cases of APH fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Data was recorded on the MS excel sheet for further analysis and processing.Results: Total 6693 deliveries were conducted out of which 133 presented as APH and incidence of APH was found out to be 1.98%. Placenta previa was most common. APH was commonly associated with multigravida and most cases were in age group of 26-30 years. Most of the PP and abruption cases were admitted at 34-37 weeks and 31-33 weeks respectively. High risk factors included previous LSCS and D and C, hypertension, multiple pregnancies and malpresentations. Most of the patients underwent preterm LSCS. Most fetal complications were due to prematurity. 58.6% patients were transfused blood. Overall perinatal mortality was 20.1% and maternal mortality was zero.Conclusions: Early diagnoses, timely referrals and transfusion facilities along with trained team of doctors with well-equipped ICU facility goes a long way in avoiding APH related maternak and fetal complications.

scholarly journals Canonical Correlation Analysis and a New Composite Index on Digitalization and Labor Force in the Context of the Industrial Revolution 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6812
Author(s):  
Ane-Mari Androniceanu ◽  
Irina Georgescu ◽  
Manuela Tvaronavičienė ◽  
Armenia Androniceanu
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Canonical Correlation Analysis ◽  
Canonical Correlation ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
World Economic ◽  
The Impact

The current phenomenon of the economy-accelerated digitalization, known as the “Industry 4.0”, will generate both an increased productivity, connectivity and several transformations on the labor force skills. Our research objectives are to determine the influence that digitalization has had on the workforce in several developed countries and to propose a new composite indicator that reflects these dynamics over time. We have used the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) in order to identify and analyze the correlations between two sets of variables, an independent one and a dependent one. Data were collected from the World Bank and World Economic Forum for the years 2018–2019. Based on the results of our research we have determined and made a consistent analysis of the new composite index of digitalization and labor force in 19 countries. The results of our research are relevant and show not only the impact of digitalization on the labor force in different countries, but also the structural changes required by the new economic and social models. Our research can help decision-makers get in advance the necessary measures in the field of labor force in order to ensure a proper integration of these measures into the new economic model based on digitalization.

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